ipv4 versus ipv6
TRANSCRIPT
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IPv4 vs. IPv6
Anne-Marie Ethier Andrei Iotici
"This report was prepared for Professor L. Orozco-Barbosa in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
course ELG/CEG 4183³
March 12, 2002
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Presentation PlanIntroduction
Major Advantages to IPv6
Addresses
Packet Headers
Autoconfiguration
Neighbor DiscoverySecurity
Difficult transition
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IntroductionWhat is IP?
The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or
protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the Internet.
History
In 1978, the Office of the Secretary of Defense
(OSD) mandated the use of IPv4 for all ³host-to-host´ data exchange enabling IPv4 to become the
mechanism for the military to create integrated
versus stovepiped communications.
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IP Address ShortageProliferation of Internet devices:
405M mobile phones sold in 2000
1B+ by 2005
New emerging populations:
China, Korea, Japan, India, Russia
Solution = IPv6
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Advantages to IPv6Larger address space
Reduce end-to-end delay
Higher level of security
Mobility
No fragmentationNetwork autoconfiguration
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Address FormatsIPv4
32-bit
Ex: 192.156.136.22
IPv6
128 bits
Ex:
1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A
Or in compressed format:
1080::8:800:200C:417A
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IPv4 Classes
0 1 8 16 24 31
A
B
C
netid hostid
1 0 netid hostid
1 1 0 netid hostid
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IPv6 Address TypesUnicast
Global aggregatable
Site local
Link local
IPv4 compatible
AnycastMulticast
No more broadcast!
Link-localSite-localGlobal
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Unicast Addresses
An address for a single interface
Global:
3 13 32 16 64
001 TLA ID NLA ID SLA ID Interface ID
TLA : Top-level aggregation NLA : Next-level aggregation
SLA : Site-level aggregation
The interface ID is based on the MAC address.
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Anycast An address for a set of interfaces that
typically belong to different nodes.
96 bit 32 bit
0.0.0.0.0.0.192.168.30.1= ::192.168.30.1
= :: 0AB:1E01 ---???
0 Ipv4 address
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Multicast An address for a set of interfaces (in a
given scope) that typically belong to
different nodes.
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IPv4 Packet Header The basic IPv4 packet header has 12
fields with a total size of 20 octets (160
bits).
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IPv6 Packet Header The basic IPv6 packet header has
8 fields with a total size of 40 octets
(320 bits).
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Neighbor Discovery
Replaces ARP, ICMP, etc.
Used for
Router discovery Parameter/Prefix discovery
Address resolution
Address auto-configuration
Can provide the means to renumber homesubnets by forwarding solicitations to other subnets.
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AutoconfigurationUsed by Neighbour Discovery
IPv6 no longer needs:
ARP
RARP
DHCP
BOOTP
Stateless vs. Stateful
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Security Authentication Header (AH) IPv6 datagrams not encrypted
Keyed MD5 hashing algorithm proposed for standardauthentication algorithm Eliminates IP spoofing
Eliminates Host Masquarading
Encapsulating Security Payload Header (ESP) Provides data integrity and confidentiality
DES CBC encryption algorithm as standard (2 Modes)
Tunnel Mode: Whole IP packet encrypted (including header)
Transport Mode: Only payload encrypted
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Difficult TransitionSome have already begun
experimenting with IPv6 on the internet
Dual IP layer
IPv6-over-IPv4 tunneling
For timeline information of the transition
efforts, browsehttp://www.ietf.org/html.charters/ngtrans-charter.html
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Questions
Q1- What is the main reason for the switch from IPv4 to IPv6?
A1- IP address shortage
Q2 - Name 2 IPv6 address types and describe the reasons why
they are used. A2 ± Unicast: An address for a single interface.
Anycast: An address for a set of interfaces that typically
belong to different nodes. Assigning a unicast address to more
than one interface makes a unicast address an anycast address
Multicast: An IPv6 multicast address is an identifier for aset of interfaces that typically belong to different nodes. A packet
sent to a multicast address is delivered to all interfaces identified
by the multicast address.
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Questions(next)
Q3 - Identify 2 differences between the IPv4 and IPv6packet headers.
A3 ± IPv6 IPv4
- 320 bits -160 bits
- 8 fields - 12 fields
- Flow Label - Checksum
Q4 - Explain the concept of "tunneling´
A4 - IPv6-over-IPv4 tunneling offers the possibility toencapsulate IPv6 packets within IPv4 headers in
order to carry them over IPv4 routing infrastructures.
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Questions(next)
Q5 - Name the two main aspects in Internet security
and explain how their uses in IPv6.
A5 - Authentication Header (AH): only providesauthentication of the data packet and not encryption.
This is useful as a standalone when confidentiality is
not essential and only authentication is important.
Encapsulating Security Payload Header (ESP):provides data encryption.