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Iftikhar wazir (32)

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Sohail ahmad (50)

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Shah jehan

1.Deficiencies of IPv4

2.Advantages of IPv6

3.Transition from IPv4 to IPv6

OVERVIEW

• Despite all short-term solutions such as Sub netting(divide a large

network into small Sub Networks), classless addressing(there is no

class but still the addresses are still granted in block) and NAT(it

enables a user to have a large set of addresses internally and one

address externally) address depletion is still long term problems.

• The Internet must accommodate` real-time audio, video. This type of

Audio, Video requires minimum delay strategies and reservation

for resources.

• The Internet must accommodate encryption and confirmation of

data.

But this is not provided in IPv4.

• IPv4 does not guarantee delivery, nor does it assure proper

Deficiencies of IPv4

1. Larger address space (which has a huge increase in

address space)

2. Better header format (in which options are separated

from base header) this simplifies speed up the

routing process.

3. New options (to allow for additional functionality)

4. Support for high security

Transition of IPv4 To IPv6

Three

strategies

Dual stack Tunneling Header

Translation

it is recommended that all hosts must have a dual stack protocol

(means a station must run both version of IP(IPv4,IPv6)

until all the networks migrate to IPv6.

Dual Stack

Diagram

Tunneling is a strategy used when two computers using

IPv6 want to communicate, the packet must pass through

some region that uses IPv4. Now to pass through this

region, the IPv6 packet is encapsulated in an IPv4 packed

and then it leaves its capsule when it exit the region of IPv4.

It seems that it goes through a tunnel.

Tunneling

Diagram

Header translation is necessary when the majority of the Internet has

moved to IPv6 but some systems still using IPv4. when a sender wants

to use IPv6

,but the receiver does not understand IPv6 so in this situation tunneling

will not work because the packet must be in IPv4 format to be

understood by the receiver. So in this case the header format must be

totally changed through header translation.

Header translation

Diagram

SOME QUESTIONS

1.What is the main reason for switching fro

IPv4 to IPv6 ?

IP address storage.

Identify any two differences b/w the IPv4 &

IPv6 header format

IPv6 use 360 bit while IPv4 uses 160 bits

IPv6 has 8 fields while IPv4 has 12 fields

Explain the concept of tunneling

tunneling is a strategy used when two

computers using IPv6 want to

communicate, the packet must pass

through some region that uses IPv4. now

to pass through this region, the IPv6

packet is encapsulated in an IPv4 packed

and then it leaves its capsule when it exit

the region of IPv4.it seems that it goes

through a tunnel.

Name two main aspects in Internet security ?

1. Authentication Header

2. Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) Header

(only provide authentication of the data packet)