iowa state profile east central intergovernmental …...between 2010 and 2019 the white population...

VOLUME I:

East Central Intergovernmental

Association

IOWA

STATE PROFILE

Volume I: Regional Profiles East Central Intergovernmental Association

East Central Intergovernmental Association I.28.1 Final Report: September 18, 2020

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Demographics

Population Estimates

The Census Bureau’s current census estimates

for each year since the 2010 Census are

presented in Table I.28.1. The 2019 estimates

indicate that the East Central

Intergovernmental Association’s population

decreased from 198,880 in 2010 to 198,817

in 2019, or by 0.0 percent. The 2019

population estimate is not yet available

broken down by race, age, or gender. For

those purposes, we will use the 2018 Five-

year ACS estimates. Population trends for East

Central Intergovernmental Association since

2000 are displayed below in Diagram I.28.1.

Diagram I.28.1

Population East Central Intergovernmental Association

Table I.28.1 Population Estimates

East Central Intergovernmental Association 2010-2019 Census Data and Intercensal Estimates

2010 Census 198,880

2011 Population Estimate 199,419











Between 2010 and 2019 the white population decreased by 1.7 percent, while the black population

increased by 34.1 percent. The Hispanic population increased from 3,693 to 5,116 people between

2010 and 2019 or by 38.5 percent. These data are presented in Table I.28.2.

Table I.28.2 Profile of Population Characteristics

East Central Intergovernmental Association vs. State of Iowa 2010 Census and 2019 Current Census Estimates

Subject East Central Intergovernmental Association State of Iowa

2010 Census Jul-19 % Change 2010 Census Jul-19 % Change

Population 198,880 198,817 -0.0% 3,046,355 3,155,070 3.6%

Age

Under 14 years 39,014 37,258 -4.5% 603,673 604,131 0.1%

15 to 24 years 25,925 25,086 -3.2% 430,187 436,415 1.4%

25 to 34 years 22,298 23,201 4.0% 382,583 398,150 4.1%

35 to 44 years 23,388 22,630 -3.2% 364,548 385,215 5.7%

45 to 54 years 30,762 23,267 -24.4% 439,726 362,509 -17.6%

55 to 64 years 25,141 29,010 15.4% 372,750 415,696 11.5%

65 and Over 32,352 38,365 18.6% 452,888 552,954 22.1%

Race

White 190,340 187,083 -1.7% 2,839,615 2,859,080 0.7%

Black 3,998 5,362 34.1% 91,695 128,105 39.7%

American Indian and Alaskan Native

417 607 45.6% 13,563 17,060 25.8%

Asian 1,373 1,810 31.8% 54,232 84,119 55.1%

Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

403 726 80.1% 2,419 4,804 98.6%

Two or more races 2,349 3,229 37.5% 44,831 61,902 38.1%

Ethnicity (of any race)

Hispanic or Latino 3,693 5,116 38.5% 151,544 198,550 31.0%

Table I.28.3, presents the population of East Central Intergovernmental Association by age and gender

from the 2010 Census and 2019 current census estimates. The 2010 Census count showed a total of

98,169 men, who accounted for 49.4 percent of the population, and 100,711 women, representing

the remaining 50.6 percent of the population. In 2019, there were 98,419 men, accounting for 49.5

percent of the population and 100,398 women, representing the remaining 50.5 percent of the

population.



Table I.28.3 Population by Age and Gender East Central Intergovernmental Association

2010 Census and Current Census Estimates

Age 2010 Census 2019 Current Census Estimates % Change

10-19 Male Female Total Male Female Total

Under 14 years 19,931 19,083 39,014 18,961 18,297 37,258 -4.5%

15 to 24 years 13,268 12,657 25,925 12,817 12,269 25,086 -3.2%

25 to 44 years 11,381 10,917 22,298 11,821 11,380 23,201 4.0%

45 to 54 years 11,735 11,653 23,388 11,430 11,200 22,630 -3.2%

55 to 64 years 15,407 15,355 30,762 11,672 11,595 23,267 -24.4%

65 and Over 12,599 12,542 25,141 14,446 14,564 29,010 15.4%

Total 98,169 100,711 198,880 98,419 100,398 198,817 -0.0%

% of Total 49.4% 50.6% . 49.5% 50.5% .

Diagram I.28.2 displays the percentage of the population by age in East Central Intergovernmental

Association compared to the Iowa.

Diagram I.28.2

Age Cohorts East Central Intergovernmental Association



Population Migration Trends

The Iowa Department of Transportation (IOWADOT) collects data on drivers who move to Iowa and

exchange licenses from other states as well as those surrendering Iowa driver’s licenses when

relocating to a different state. The IOWADOT

data does not represent a precise count of

migration, as they show only the net change

in the number of driver’s licenses, but the data

indicates the general direction of population

movement.

The driver’s license total exchanges since

2008 for East Central Intergovernmental

Association are presented in Table I.28.4.

Over the past five years, there have been zero

years of negative net-migration in East Central

Intergovernmental Association, which

indicates a healthy and steady inflow of

people into the region. Since 2016, East

Central Intergovernmental Association has experienced a net growth of 2,038 persons, creating an

overall positive net-migration trend. Iowa DOT data indicates that there was a net increase of 183

people in the most recent year.

Diagram I.28.3, shows in- and out- migration as shaded areas, with net migration depicted as a line

graph. As can be seen the maximum net migration occurred in 2012 with 1,337 people entering and

the lowest net migration occurred in 2008 with 285 entering East Central Intergovernmental

Association.

Table I.28.4 Driver’s Licenses Exchanged and Surrendered

East Central Intergovernmental Association IOWADOT Data 2000-2020

Year In-Migrants Out-Migrants Net Change

2008 2,207 1,922 285 2009 2,010 1,397 613 2010 2,283 1,271 1,012 2011 2,376 1,441 935 2012 2,447 1,110 1,337 2013 2,188 1,356 832 2014 2,349 1,893 456 2015 2,295 1,923 372 2016 2,460 1,885 575 2017 2,321 1,869 452 2018 2,374 1,607 767 2018 2,430 1,685 745

2020(p) 768 585 183

Total 28,508 19,944 8,564



Diagram I.28.3

Net In-migration by Gender East Central Intergovernmental Association

IOWADOT Data: 2008 – First Half 2020



The IOWADOT data also collects gender and age information. Table I.28.5, shows in- and out-

migration by gender. In the most recent first half 2020 data, 45 percent of net-migrants, or 83 persons

were male, with the remaining 55 percent, or 100 persons were female.

Table I.28.5

Net In-migration by Gender East Central Intergovernmental Association

IOWADOT Data Gender 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 (p)

In

Male 1,109 997 1,086 1,173 1,214 1,046 1,231 1,196 1,243 1,201 1,175 1,260 382

Female 1,098 1,013 1,197 1,203 1,233 1,142 1,118 1,099 1,217 1,120 1,199 1,170 386

Total 2,207 2,010 2,283 2,376 2,447 2,188 2,349 2,295 2,460 2,321 2,374 2,430 768

Out

Male 1,027 723 654 684 501 640 921 939 942 917 772 811 299

Female 895 674 617 757 609 716 972 984 943 952 835 874 286

Total 1,922 1,397 1,271 1,441 1,110 1,356 1,893 1,923 1,885 1,869 1,607 1,685 585

Net

Male 82 274 432 489 713 406 310 257 301 284 403 449 83

Female 203 339 580 446 624 426 146 115 274 168 364 296 100

Total 285 613 1,012 935 1,337 832 456 372 575 452 767 745 183

Table I.28.6, shows net-migration for East Central Intergovernmental Association by age range. The

largest age cohort in the most recent 2020 net migration data was those in the age range of 36 to 45,

with 46 persons entering East Central Intergovernmental Association. Those in the age range of 14 to

17 had the lowest levels of net migration, with 1 person entering East Central Intergovernmental

Association.



Table I.28.6

Migration by Age Range East Central Intergovernmental Association

IOWADOT Data

Age Range

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 (p)

In

14-17 18 19 23 19 14 19 17 11 12 21 18 12 4

18-22 294 278 280 295 329 303 303 304 288 296 293 317 82

23-25 270 271 294 291 306 291 311 320 341 313 299 292 103

26-35 630 562 674 661 678 603 699 690 730 659 695 680 222

36-45 436 338 365 432 392 299 368 314 356 333 355 343 126

46-55 263 271 333 348 384 309 275 284 332 265 280 301 94

56-65 188 173 208 208 241 203 217 215 239 244 221 257 85

66 + 108 98 106 122 103 161 159 157 162 190 213 228 52

Total 2,207 2,010 2,283 2,376 2,447 2,188 2,349 2,295 2,460 2,321 2,374 2,430 768

Out

14-17 16 16 15 11 12 16 14 22 20 27 21 31 3

18-22 230 184 176 201 114 133 220 226 197 214 164 164 58

23-25 341 250 213 220 171 181 261 299 283 260 183 215 79

26-35 578 403 373 437 340 434 623 588 577 600 501 529 218

36-45 282 219 208 201 179 222 285 276 286 274 255 266 80

46-55 250 175 153 174 121 163 219 217 243 183 185 196 48

56-65 148 92 77 132 114 141 180 187 179 191 175 167 54

66 + 77 58 56 65 59 66 91 108 100 120 123 117 45

Total 1,922 1,397 1,271 1,441 1,110 1,356 1,893 1,923 1,885 1,869 1,607 1,685 585

Net

14-17 2 3 8 8 2 3 3 -11 -8 -6 -3 -19 1

18-22 64 94 104 94 215 170 83 78 91 82 129 153 24

23-25 -71 21 81 71 135 110 50 21 58 53 116 77 24

26-35 52 159 301 224 338 169 76 102 153 59 194 151 4

36-45 154 119 157 231 213 77 83 38 70 59 100 77 46

46-55 13 96 180 174 263 146 56 67 89 82 95 105 46

56-65 40 81 131 76 127 62 37 28 60 53 46 90 31

66 + 31 40 50 57 44 95 68 49 62 70 90 111 7

Total 285 613 1,012 935 1,337 832 456 372 575 452 767 745 183



School Age Enrollment

Table I.28.7, shows the school enrollment from the Iowa Department of Education for East Central

Intergovernmental Association. The school enrollment figures are for both public and private schools.

As can be seen, in 2010 total enrollment was 37,170 students and was 35,074 in 2020, a change of

-5.6 percent. Enrollment for students in grades 1 to 5 was 13,022 students in 2010 and 11,893 in

2020, which was a change of -8.7 percent. Likewise, 2010 enrollment for students in grades 9 to 12

was 11,265 and 10,044 in 2018, which was a change of -10.8 percent. This data is displayed in

Diagram I.28.4.

Table I.28.7 School Enrollment

East Central Intergovernmental Association Iowa Department of Education

Year Pre-K/K Grades 1 - 5 Grades 6 - 8 Grades 9 - 12 Total

2000 3,399 14,196 8,819 11,862 39,304

2001 3,218 13,942 8,887 11,916 38,835

2002 3,333 13,739 9,031 11,740 38,151

2003 3,300 13,325 9,028 11,719 37,834

2004 3,175 13,083 9,017 11,773 37,246

2005 3,249 13,094 8,593 11,823 36,759

2006 3,183 13,072 8,543 11,925 36,723

2007 3,222 13,135 8,086 11,920 36,363

2008 3,145 13,123 8,110 11,725 36,103

2009 4,346 12,843 7,953 11,525 36,574

2010 4,956 13,022 7,927 11,265 37,170

2011 4,897 12,849 7,956 11,107 36,809

2012 5,057 12,747 7,920 10,840 36,564

2013 5,301 12,505 7,941 10,763 36,510

2014 5,428 12,549 7,744 10,756 36,477

2015 5,435 12,551 7,746 10,638 36,370

2016 5,400 12,613 7,612 10,630 36,255

2017 5,397 12,721 7,623 10,486 36,227

2018 5,452 12,550 7,480 10,442 35,924

2019 5,520 12,340 7,601 10,305 35,766

2020 5,572 11,893 7,565 10,044 35,074

% Change 10-20

12.4% -8.7% -4.6% -10.8% -5.6%



Diagram I.28.4 School Age Cohorts

East Central Intergovernmental Association



Census Demographic Data

Census data is presented in one of four Summary Files (SF). In the 1980, 1990, and 2000 decennial

censuses, the Census Bureau released the full SF1 100 percent count data1, along with additional

tabulations including the one-in-six SF3 sample. The Census Bureau did not collect additional sample

data such as the SF3 in the 2010 decennial census, so many important housing and income concepts

are not available in the 2010 Census.

To study these important housing and income concepts, the Census Bureau distributes the American

Community Survey (ACS) every year to a sample of the population, then quantifies the results as one-

, three- and five-year averages. The one-year sample only includes responses from the year the survey

was implemented, while the five-year sample includes responses over a five-year period. The five-

year estimates are more robust than the one- or three-year samples because they include more

responses and can be tabulated down to the Census tract level.

The Census Bureau collects race data according to U.S. Office of Management and Budget guidelines,

and these data are based on self-identification. Ancestry refers to one’s ethnic origin or descent,

"roots," or heritage, or the place of birth of the person or the person’s parents or ancestors before

their arrival in the United States. Ethnic identities may or may not represent geographic areas. People

may choose to report more than one race group and people of any race may be of any ethnic origin.

Hispanic origin can be viewed as the heritage, nationality, lineage, or country of birth of the person

or the person’s parents or ancestors before arriving in the United States. People who identify as

Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish may be any race.

.



The East Central Intergovernmental Association population by race and ethnicity is shown in Table

I.28.8. The white population represented 94.3 percent of the population in 2018, compared with

black populations accounting for 2.4 percent of the population in 2018. Hispanic households

represented 2.3 percent of the population in 2018.

Table I.28.8 Population by Race and Ethnicity East Central Intergovernmental Association

2010 Census & 2018 Five-Year ACS

Race 2010 Census 2018 Five-Year ACS

Population % of Total Population % of Total

White 189,180 95.1% 187,812 94.3%

Black 3,938 2.0% 4,871 2.4%

American Indian 386 0.2% 459 0.2%

Asian 1,339 0.7% 1,717 0.9%

Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander 394 0.2% 527 0.3%

Other 1,010 0.5% 665 0.3%

Two or More Races 2,633 1.3% 3,067 1.5%

Total 198,880 100.0% 199,118 100.0%

Non-Hispanic 195,187 98.1% 194,472 97.7%

Hispanic 3,693 1.9% 4,646 2.3%

The change in race and ethnicity between 2010 and 2018 is shown in Table I.28.9. During this time,

the total non-Hispanic population was 194,472 persons in 2018, while the Hispanic population was

4,646.

Table I.28.9 Population by Race and Ethnicity East Central Intergovernmental Association

2010 Census & 2018 Five-Year ACS

Race 2010 Census 2018 Five-Year ACS

Population % of Total Population % of Total

Non-Hispanic

White 186,963 95.8% 184,194 94.7%

Black 3,849 2.0% 4,808 2.5%


Asian 1,317 0.7% 1,687 0.9%


Other 83 0.0% 152 0.1%

Two or More Races 2,272 1.2% 2,771 1.4%

Total Non-Hispanic 195,187 100.0% 194,472 100.0%

Hispanic

White 2,217 60.0% 3,618 77.9%

Black 89 2.4% 63 1.4%


Asian 22 0.6% 30 0.6%


Other 927 25.1% 513 11.0%

Two or More Races 361 9.8% 296 6.4%

Total Hispanic 3,693 100.0 4,646 100.0%

Total Population 198,880 100.0% 199,118 100.0%



Cohorts

Table I.28.10 shows the population distribution in East Central Intergovernmental Association by age.

In 2010, children under the age of 5 accounted for 6.3 percent of the total population, which

compared to 6.1 percent in 2018.

Table I.28.10 Population Distribution by Age

East Central Intergovernmental Association 2018 Five-Year ACS Data

Age 2010 Census 2018 Five-Year ACS

Number of Persons Percent Number of Persons Percent

Under 5 12,460 6.3 12,178 6.1

5 to 19 40,644 20.4 39,117 19.6

20 to 24 11,835 6.0 12,087 6.1

25 to 34 22,298 11.2 23,095 11.6

35 to 54 54,150 27.2 47,963 24.1

55 to 64 25,141 12.6 28,689 14.4

65 or Older 32,352 16.3 35,989 18.1

Total 198,880 100% 199,118 100%

Table I.28.11 shows the population in East Central Intergovernmental Association by age and gender.

In 2010, there were 22,298 people aged 25 to 34, made up of 11,381 men, and 10,917 women. In

comparison, in 2018, there were 23,095 people in the 25 to 34 age cohort, with 11,897 men and

11,198 women.

Table I.28.11 Population by Age and Gender

East Central Intergovernmental Association 2010 Census & 2018 Five-Year ACS Data

Age 2010 Census 2018 Five Year ACs

Male Female Total Percent Male Female Total Percent

Under 5 6,360 6,100 12,460 6.3% 6,281 5,897 12,178 6.1%

5 to 19 20,836 19,808 40,644 20.4% 19,918 19,199 39,117 19.6%

20 to 24 6,003 5,832 11,835 6.0% 6,107 5,980 12,087 6.1%

25 to 34 11,381 10,917 22,298 11.2% 11,897 11,198 23,095 11.6%

35 to 54 27,142 27,008 54,150 27.2% 23,972 23,991 47,963 24.1%

55 to 64 12,599 12,542 25,141 12.6% 14,326 14,363 28,689 14.4%

65 and Older 13,848 18,504 32,352 16.3% 15,931 20,058 35,989 18.1%

Total 98,169 100,711 198,880 100% 98,432 100,686 199,118 100%



Diagram I.28.5 Population Distribution by Age

East Central Intergovernmental Association 2010 Census and 2018 Five-Year ACS Data



Diagram I.28.6 Population Distribution by Age and Gender

East Central Intergovernmental Association 2018 Five-Year ACS



Group Quarters Population

The group quarters population includes the institutionalized population, who live in correctional

institutions, juvenile facilities, nursing homes, and other institutions, and the non-institutionalized

population, who live in college dormitories, military quarters, and other group living situations. As

seen in Table I.28.12, between 2000 and 2010, the institutionalized population changed -9.1 percent

in East Central Intergovernmental Association, from 2,443 people in 2000 to 2,221 in 2010. The non-

institutionalized population changed -8.3 percent, from 3,973 in 2000 to 3,642 in 2010.

Table I.28.12 Group Quarters Population

East Central Intergovernmental Association 2000 & 2010 Census SF1 Data

Group Quarters Type 2000 Census 2010 Census % Change

00–10 Population % of Total Population % of Total

Institutionalized

Correctional Institutions 162 6.6% 308 13.9% 90.1%

Juvenile Facilities . . 62 2.8% .

Nursing Homes 1,998 81.8% 1,825 82.2% -8.7%

Other Institutions 283 11.6% 26 1.2% -90.8%

Total 2,443 100.0% 2,221 100.0% -9.1%

Noninstitutionalized

College Dormitories 2,324 58.5% 2,471 67.8% 6.3%

Military Quarters 1 0.0% 3 0.1% 200.0%

Other Noninstitutionalized 1,648 41.5% 1,168 32.1% -29.1%

Total 3,973 100.0% 3,642 100.0% -8.3%

Group Quarters Population 6,416 100.0% 5,863 100.0% -8.6%



Foreign Born Populations

The number of foreign-born persons are shown in Table I.28.13. An estimated 2.0 percent of the

population was born in U K excluding England Scotland, some 0.4 percent were born in Belize, and

another 0.2 percent were born in Other Eastern Asia.

Table I.28.13 Place of Birth for the Foreign-Born Population


Number County Number of Person Percent of Total

Population

#1 country of origin U K excluding England

Scotland 3,926 2.0%

#2 country of origin Belize 747 0.4%

#3 country of origin Other Eastern Asia 317 0.2%

#4 country of origin Hong Kong 304 0.2%

#5 country of origin Bahamas 263 0.1%

#6 country of origin Singapore 237 0.1%

#7 country of origin Iran 205 0.1%

#8 country of origin Honduras 185 0.1%

#9 country of origin Netherlands 120 0.1%

#10 country of origin Kenya 100 0.1%

The language spoken at home for those with Limited English Proficiency are shown in Table I.28.14.

An estimated 0.4 percent of the population speaks Spanish at home, followed by 0.2 percent speaking

Other Asian and Pacific Island languages.

Table I.28.14 Limited English Proficiency and Language Spoken at Home


Number County Number of Person Percent of Total

Population

#1 LEP Language Spanish 761 0.4%

#2 LEP Language Other Asian and Pacific

Island languages 287 0.2%

#3 LEP Language Chinese 186 0.1%

#4 LEP Language German or other West Germanic languages

127 0.1%

#5 LEP Language French, Haitian, or

Cajun 123 0.1%

#6 LEP Language Other Indo-European

languages 108 0.1%

#7 LEP Language Tagalog 78 0.0%

#8 LEP Language Russian, Polish, or other

Slavic languages 63 0.0%

#9 LEP Language Arabic 36 0.0%

#10 LEP Language Vietnamese 29 0.0%



Disability

Disability by age, as estimated by the 2018 ACS, is shown in Table I.28.15, below. The disability rate

for females was 11.7 percent, compared to 11.7 percent for males. The disability rate grew

precipitously higher with age, with 42.1 percent of those over 75 experiencing a disability.

Table I.28.15 Disability by Age


Age

Male Female Total

Disabled Population

Disability Rate

Disabled Population

Disability Rate

Disabled Population

Disability Rate

Under 5 17 0.3% 50 0.8% 67 0.6%

5 to 17 1,287 7.6% 728 4.4% 2,015 6.0%

18 to 34 1,216 5.9% 1,071 5.4% 2,287 5.7%

35 to 64 3,910 10.2% 4,386 11.5% 8,296 10.9%

65 to 74 2,277 25.0% 1,554 15.9% 3,831 20.3%

75 or Older 2,747 43.4% 3,798 41.3% 6,545 42.1%

Total 11,454 11.7% 11,587 11.7% 23,041 11.7%

The number of disabilities by type, as estimated by the 2018 ACS, is shown in Table I.28.16. Some

6.0 percent have an ambulatory disability, 4.8 have an independent living disability, and 2.1 percent

have a self-care disability.

Table I.28.16 Total Disabilities Tallied: Aged 5 and Older


Disability Type Population with

Disability Percent with

Disability

Hearing disability 7,482 3.8%

Vision disability 3,574 1.8%

Cognitive disability 8,155 4.4%

Ambulatory disability 11,068 6.0%

Self-Care disability 3,828 2.1%

Independent living disability 7,211 4.8%



Education and Employment

Education and employment data from the East Central Intergovernmental Association 2018 Five-Year

ACS is presented in Table I.28.17, Table I.28.18, and Table I.28.19. In 2018, 105,954 people were

in the labor force, including 101,826 employed and 4,128 unemployed people. The unemployment

rate for East Central Intergovernmental Association was estimated at 3.9 percent in 2018.

Table I.28.17 Employment, Labor Force and Unemployment


Employment Status 2018 Five-Year ACS

Employed 101,826

Unemployed 4,128

Labor Force 105,954

Unemployment Rate 3.9%

Table I.28.18 and Table I.28.19 show educational attainment in East Central Intergovernmental

Association. In 2018, 92.0 percent of households had a high school education or greater, including

35.2 percent with a high school diploma or equivalent, 33.8 percent with some college, 15.7 percent

with a Bachelor’s Degree, and 7.3 percent with a graduate or professional degree.

Table I.28.18 High School or Greater Education East Central Intergovernmental Association

2018 Five-Year ACS Data

Education Level Households

High School or Greater 141,151

Total Households 80,740

Percent High School or Above 92.0%

Table I.28.19 Educational Attainment


Education Level 2018 Five-Year ACS Percent

Less Than High School 12,229 8.0%

High School or Equivalent 54,031 35.2%

Some College or Associates Degree 51,898 33.8%

Bachelor’s Degree 24,030 15.7%

Graduate or Professional Degree 11,192 7.3%

Total Population Above 18 years 153,380 100.0%



Commuting Patterns Table I.28.20 shows the place of work by county of residence. In 2010 77.6 percent of residents

worked within the county they reside with 18.0 percent working outside their home county. This

compares to 77.8 percent of residents in 2018 who worked within the county in which they resided

and 18.0 percent of residents worked outside their home county but still within the state.

Table I.28.20 Place of Work

East Central Intergovernmental Association 2010 and 2018 Five-Year ACS Data

Place of work 2010 Five-Year ACS % of Total 2018 Five-Year ACS % of Total

Worked in county of residence 78,812 77.6% 77,950 77.8%

Worked outside county of residence 18,320 18.0% 17,998 18.0%

Worked outside state of residence 4,447 4.4% 4,302 4.3%

Total 101,579 100.0% 100,250 100.0%

Table I.28.21 shows the aggregate travel time to work based on place of work and residence. In East

Central Intergovernmental Association the total aggregate travel time was 1,037,085 minutes, with

residents working in their home county spending a total of 389,845 minutes traveling.

Table I.28.21 Aggregate Travel Time to Work (in Minutes)

East Central Intergovernmental Association 2010 & 2018 Five-Year ACS Data

Place of Work 2010 Five-Year ACS % of Total 2018 Five-Year ACS % of Total

Worked in county of residence 1,022,520 56.6% 1,041,470 57.5%

Worked outside county of residence 638,285 35.3% 625,070 34.5%

Worked outside State of residence 146,010 8.1% 144,570 8.0%

Aggregate travel time to work (in minutes):

1,806,805 100.0% 1,811,115 100.0%

Table I.28.22 shows the average travel time to work based on place of work and residence. In 2018

the overall aggregate travel time was 1,806,805 minutes. Residents working within their home county

spent an average of 13.4 minutes commuting to work, with those working outside their county of

residence spending an average of 34.7 minutes on their commute.



Table I.28.22 Average Travel Time to Work (in Minutes)


Place of Work 2010 Five-Year ACS 2018 Five-Year ACS

Worked in county of residence 13.0 13.4

Worked outside county of residence 34.8 34.7

Worked outside State of residence 32.8 33.6

Average travel time to work (in minutes): 17.8 18.1

Table I.28.23 shows the means of transportation to work. In 2018, 82.7 percent of commuters drove

alone in a car, truck, or van. Only 7.2 percent carpooled, with an additional 0.7 percent taking public

transportation. Also, there were 5,289 persons or 5.3 percent who worked from home.

Table I.28.23 Means of Transportation to Work East Central Intergovernmental Association

2010 & 2018 Five-Year ACS Data

Means 2010 Five-Year

ACS % of Total

2018 Five-Year ACS

% of Total

Car, truck, or van: Drove alone 81,737 80.5% 82,916 82.7%

Car, truck, or van: Carpooled: 9,556 9.4% 7,172 7.2%

Public transportation (excluding taxicab): 715 0.7% 698 0.7%

Taxicab 32 0.0% 44 0.0%

Motorcycle 195 0.2% 96 0.1%

Bicycle 267 0.3% 232 0.2%

Walked 4,029 4.0% 3,158 3.2%

Other means 471 0.5% 645 0.6%

Worked at home 4,577 4.5% 5,289 5.3%

Total 101,579 100.0% 100,250 100.0%



Table I.28.24 shows the breakdown of the means of transportation by tenure. In 2018, 67.6 percent

of commuters owned their home and commuted alone by car, which compares to 67.7 percent in

2010. There were also 15,441 renters who drove alone in 2018 and accounted for 15.6 percent of

the total commuter population. Commuters who owned their own home and took public

transportation represented 0.3 percent of the population, which compares to 308 renters, or 0.3

percent taking public transportation.

Table I.28.24 Means Of Transportation To Work By Tenure


Tenure 2010 Five-Year

ACS % of Total

2018 Five-Year ACS

% of Total

Car, truck, or van - drove alone:

Owner 67,487 67.7% 67,022 67.6% Renter 13,712 13.8% 15,441 15.6%

Car, truck, or van - carpooled:

Owner 7,061 7.1% 5,031 5.1%

Renter 2,293 2.3% 2,094 2.1%

Public transportation (excluding taxicab):

Owner 193 0.2% 265 0.3% Renter 420 0.4% 308 0.3%

Walked:

Owner 1,977 2.0% 1,504 1.5%

Renter 1,164 1.2% 1,333 1.3%

Taxicab, motorcycle, bicycle, or other means:

Owner 677 0.7% 631 0.6%

Renter 276 0.3% 377 0.4%

Worked at home:

Owner 3,810 3.8% 4,275 4.3% Renter 557 0.6% 816 0.8%

Total: 99,627 100.0% 99,097 100.0%



Iowa Laborshed Study

Laborshed studies are supply-side, labor availability studies. They provide community leaders,

economic developers, site selectors and existing or prospective employers a flexible tool for

understanding the workforce characteristics of their local labor market.

According to the Iowa Workforce Development agency, a laborshed is defined as the area or region

from which an employment center draws its commuting workers. It shows the distribution of these

workers regardless of political boundaries. Laborshed studies also address underemployment,

availability of labor and likeliness of the employed or not employed to change or accept employment.

Other topics covered within a Laborshed analysis include: current and desired occupations, wages,

hours worked, job search resources and distance willing to commute to work.2

For more information visit:

https://www.iowaworkforcedevelopment.gov/laborshed-studies

2 https://www.iowaworkforcedevelopment.gov/laborshed-studies

https://www.iowaworkforcedevelopment.gov/laborshed-studies



Economics Labor Force

Table I.28.25 shows labor force statistics for East Central Intergovernmental Association between

1990 and 2019. Over the entire series the lowest unemployment rate occurred in 2018 with a rate

of 2.7 percent. The highest level of unemployment occurred during 2009 rising to a rate of 6.8

percent. This compared to a statewide low of 2.6 in 1999 and statewide high of 6.4 percent in 2009.

Over the last year, the unemployment rate in East Central Intergovernmental Association increased

from 2.7 percent in 2018 to 2.9 percent in 2019, which compared to a statewide increase to 2.7

percent.

Table I.28.25 Labor Force Statistics

East Central Intergovernmental Association 1990 - 2019 BLS Data

Year

East Central Intergovernmental Association Statewide

Unemployment Rate Unemployment Employment Labor Force Unemployment

Rate

1990 5,670 94,006 99,676 5.7% 4.4%

1991 5,931 96,251 102,182 5.8% 4.7%

1992 5,486 98,829 104,315 5.3% 4.5%

1993 4,782 102,157 106,939 4.5% 4.0%

1994 4,325 103,700 108,025 4.0% 3.5%

1995 4,488 103,219 107,707 4.2% 3.4%

1996 5,601 103,491 109,092 5.1% 3.5%

1997 4,164 103,913 108,077 3.9% 3.1%

1998 3,552 102,584 106,136 3.3% 2.7%

1999 3,324 102,445 105,769 3.1% 2.6%

2000 3,351 102,707 106,058 3.2% 2.6%

2001 4,377 102,651 107,028 4.1% 3.3%

2002 4,890 103,473 108,363 4.5% 4.0%

2003 5,122 101,388 106,510 4.8% 4.5%

2004 4,997 101,555 106,552 4.7% 4.5%

2005 4,914 104,913 109,827 4.5% 4.3%

2006 4,256 107,599 111,855 3.8% 3.7%

2007 4,341 107,985 112,326 3.9% 3.7%

2008 4,932 108,843 113,775 4.3% 4.2%

2009 7,852 106,867 114,719 6.8% 6.4%

2010 7,007 106,104 113,111 6.2% 6.0%

2011 6,292 106,031 112,323 5.6% 5.5%

2012 5,550 105,883 111,433 5.0% 5.0%

2013 5,432 106,584 112,016 4.8% 4.7%

2014 4,967 108,034 113,001 4.4% 4.2%

2015 4,479 108,343 112,822 4.0% 3.8%

2016 4,310 106,538 110,848 3.9% 3.6%

2017 3,529 105,789 109,318 3.2% 3.1%

2018 2,944 107,237 110,181 2.7% 2.6%

2019 3,241 109,746 112,987 2.9% 2.7%



Diagram I.28.7, shows the employment and labor force for East Central Intergovernmental

Association. The difference between the two lines represents the number of unemployed persons. In

the most recent year, employment stood at 109,746 persons, with the labor force reaching 112,987,

indicating there were a total of 3,241 unemployed persons.

Diagram I.28.7 Employment and Labor Force




Annual Unemployment

Diagram I.28.8, shows the unemployment rate for both the State and East Central Intergovernmental

Association. During the 1990’s the average rate for East Central Intergovernmental Association was

4.5 percent, which compared to 3.6 percent statewide. Between 2000 and 2010 the unemployment

rate had an average of 4.5 percent, which compared to 4.1 percent statewide. Since 2010, the average

unemployment rate was 4.3 percent. Over the course of the entire period the East Central

Intergovernmental Association had an average unemployment rate higher than the State, 4.4 percent

for East Central Intergovernmental Association, versus 4.0 statewide.

Diagram I.28.8

Annual Unemployment Rate East Central Intergovernmental Association

1990 – 2019 BLS Data



Monthly Unemployment

Table I.28.26 displays the monthly unemployment rate in East Central Intergovernmental Association

from January 2007 through April 2020. This data is also shown in Diagram I.28.9.

Table I.28.26 Monthly Unemployment Rate

East Central Intergovernmental Association 2007 – 20120 (p) BLS Data

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Unemployment Rate (%)

2007 4.8 4.9 4.5 3.9 3.4 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.3 4.1

2008 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.1 3.6 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.4 5.8

2009 7.6 7.7 7.9 7.0 6.7 7.2 6.7 6.6 6.1 5.9 5.9 6.7

2010 7.7 7.6 7.4 6.0 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.5 5.3 5.5 6.2

2011 7.2 6.9 6.3 5.3 5.0 5.6 5.2 5.5 5.0 4.8 5.0 5.4

2012 6.4 6.3 5.6 4.7 4.5 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.9

2013 6.2 5.8 5.6 5.1 4.5 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.3 4.0 4.1 4.5

2014 5.8 5.7 5.4 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.5 3.6 4.2

2015 5.2 4.9 4.5 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.4 4.1

2016 5.0 4.7 4.3 3.7 3.5 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.8

2017 4.9 4.3 3.8 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.2 2.7 2.2 2.4 3.1

2018 4.1 3.6 3.2 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.9

2019 3.8 3.4 3.4 2.5 2.3 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.6 3.3

2020 (p) 4.3 3.6 4.0 11.9 . . . . . . . .

Diagram I.28.9

Monthly Unemployment Rate East Central Intergovernmental Association



Employment by Industry

Table I.28.27 shows employment and median earnings by industry for East Central Intergovernmental

Association from the 2018 Five-Year ACS. In 2018 the largest industry by number of people employed

in East Central Intergovernmental Association was Manufacturing, which employed 16,102 people

and paid a median salary of 49,458 dollars. The highest paying industry in East Central

Intergovernmental Association was the Management industry, which paid a median salary of 110,300

dollars in 2018.

Table I.28.27 City Level Employment by Industry

East Central Intergovernmental Association 2018 Five Year ACS Data

Industry Total

Employment Percent of

Employment Median

Earnings

Admin 1,853 2.57% $34,889

Arts 1,026 1.42% $38,044

Construction 5,140 7.13% $50,854

Education 5,226 7.25% $48,084

Farming 3,150 4.37% $38,163

Finance 4,230 5.87% $47,686

Food 2,099 2.91% $23,677

Government 2,315 3.21% $58,824

Health Care 9,383 13.02% $37,786

Info 1,235 1.71% $48,116

Management 76 0.11% $110,300

Manufacturing 16,102 22.35% $49,458

Mining 126 0.17% $52,777

Other 2,454 3.41% $34,723

Prof Service 3,165 4.39% $58,735

Real Estate 448 0.62% $49,482

Retail 7,576 10.52% $34,106

Transport 3,218 4.47% $50,769

Utilities 676 0.94% $77,738

Wholesale 2,551 3.54% $47,919



Diagram I.28.10 displays employment and earnings data for 2018 in East Central Intergovernmental

Association. Only industries that employed more than 0.0 percent of people and had accurate median

earnings data are included in Diagram I.28.10.

Diagram I.28.10

Employment and Median Earnings by Industry East Central Intergovernmental Association

2018 Five-Year ACS Data



Earnings and Employment

The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) produces regional economic accounts, which provide a

consistent framework for analyzing and comparing individual state and local area economies. Table

I.28.28, shows total real earnings by industry for East Central Intergovernmental Association. In 2018,

the manufacturing industry had the largest total real earnings with 1,406,330,000 dollars. Between

2017 and 2018, the information industry saw the largest percentage increase of 36.0 percent, to

129,277,000 dollars.

Table I.28.28 Real Earnings by Industry

East Central Intergovernmental Association BEA Table CA-5N Data (1,000’s of 2019 Dollars)

NAICS Categories

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 % Change

17-18

Farm earnings 120,420 388,338 302,661 490,804 260,917 275,864 124,749 118,539 148,476 25.3

Forestry, fishing, related activities, and other

1,990 2,361 3,006 2,799 3,014 10,500 12,732 15,074 15,646 3.8

Mining 422 471 413 248 232 111 172 786 948 20.7

Utilities 51,071 42,087 38,191 36,108 37,164 37,775 36,446 33,801 30,382 -10.1

Construction 411,860 440,609 449,126 409,299 407,568 426,043 410,831 396,274 404,318 2.0

Manufacturing 1,136,589 1,191,883 1,261,349 1,277,813 1,324,153 1,322,237 1,293,901 1,365,619 1,406,33

0 3.0

Wholesale trade 245,613 256,149 283,578 303,641 313,742 323,711 290,143 269,634 297,733 10.4

Retail trade 393,705 398,880 402,625 390,975 379,434 380,252 399,379 399,987 393,472 -1.6

Transportation and warehousing

254,447 256,919 258,439 261,582 264,667 259,134 259,779 290,571 264,027 -9.1

Information 141,336 135,893 131,867 109,428 113,519 104,532 98,634 95,090 129,277 36.0

Finance and insurance

355,781 331,583 360,796 368,248 392,332 413,678 430,581 450,705 474,633 5.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

45,959 40,337 51,324 65,768 77,031 86,166 93,127 78,650 78,783 0.2

Professional and technical services

263,809 294,711 313,383 305,333 289,288 294,563 290,659 290,095 251,429 -13.3

Management of companies and enterprises

59,556 62,555 91,022 68,957 65,519 83,270 71,541 68,213 75,992 11.4

Administrative and waste services

132,301 135,905 151,615 144,607 148,349 140,533 135,195 143,282 145,283 1.4

Educational services

145,110 150,532 157,258 151,270 150,375 141,857 138,964 122,058 122,339 0.2

Health care and social assistance

669,716 697,208 716,208 717,058 726,754 736,624 730,032 722,501 717,431 -0.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

89,489 91,432 87,372 69,791 68,166 61,718 66,753 64,849 64,223 -1.0

Accommodation and food services

115,119 124,327 127,189 133,343 135,962 141,779 145,588 150,744 148,503 -1.5

Other services, except public administration

196,105 194,395 196,973 194,901 204,627 214,082 217,250 214,339 215,759 0.7

Government and government enterprises

667,326 639,505 629,594 645,149 655,252 665,026 674,008 667,881 667,190 -0.1

Total 5,703,670 6,049,060 6,174,788 6,320,727 6,207,678 6,275,563 6,142,585 6,176,986 6,285,34

8 1.8



Table I.28.29, shows the total employment by industry for the East Central Intergovernmental

Association. The most recent estimates show the manufacturing industry was the largest employer in

East Central Intergovernmental Association, with employment reaching 18,003 jobs in 2018.

Between 2017 and 2018 the information industry saw the largest percentage increase, rising by 16.0

percent to 1,896 jobs.

Table I.28.29

Employment by Industry East Central Intergovernmental Association

BEA Table CA25 Data

NAICS Categories 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 %

Change 17-18

Farm earnings 6,467 6,442 6,244 6,486 6,178 6,417 6,341 6,188 6,198 0.2


148 157 139 136 140 272 309 328 355 8.2

Mining 14 21 34 19 22 33 37 34 33 -2.9

Utilities 353 334 319 293 279 292 277 251 226 -10.0

Construction 7,236 7,241 7,021 6,851 6,899 7,070 7,100 6,864 6,999 2.0

Manufacturing 15,888 16,386 16,984 17,291 17,588 17,683 17,299 17,592 18,003 2.3

Wholesale trade 4,149 4,364 4,474 4,418 4,739 5,352 4,650 4,214 4,577 8.6

Retail trade 13,982 14,296 14,326 14,347 14,401 14,570 14,671 14,451 14,145 -2.1


4,680 4,595 4,522 4,807 4,821 4,665 4,432 5,015 4,742 -5.4

Information 2,240 2,190 2,067 1,786 1,834 1,826 1,751 1,634 1,896 16.0

Finance and insurance

6,358 6,812 6,662 7,051 7,197 7,324 7,542 7,819 8,057 3.0


3,694 3,868 3,816 3,876 3,975 4,015 4,084 4,117 4,322 5.0


4,713 5,053 5,300 5,190 4,879 5,028 4,868 4,702 4,422 -6.0


699 705 778 774 744 898 940 845 905 7.1


4,856 4,882 5,165 4,992 5,058 4,677 4,333 4,260 4,363 2.4

Educational services 4,841 5,104 5,261 5,227 4,849 4,969 4,540 4,247 4,150 -2.3


12,393 13,243 13,383 13,502 13,579 13,681 12,938 13,057 13,143 0.7


3,184 3,331 3,380 3,044 3,123 2,867 2,908 2,937 2,989 1.8


7,368 7,635 7,673 7,888 7,853 8,024 7,931 8,012 7,844 -2.1


6,379 6,558 6,604 6,590 6,789 6,975 6,833 6,646 6,582 -1.0


11,734 11,523 11,507 11,518 11,519 11,471 11,485 11,483 11,521 0.3

Total 126,550 128,960 129,668 130,483 131,259 132,238 130,878 130,213 131,089 0.7



Table I.28.30, shows the real average earnings per job by industry for East Central Intergovernmental

Association. These figures are calculated by dividing the total real earning displayed in Tables I.28.18

and I.28.19, by industry. In 2018, the utilities industry had the highest average earnings reaching

134,432 dollars. Between 2017 and 2018 the farm industry saw the largest percentage increase,

rising by 25.1 percent to 23,955 dollars.

Table I.28.30 Real Earnings Per Job by Industry

East Central Intergovernmental Association BEA Table CA5N and CA25 Data

NAICS Categories 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 % Change

17-18

Farm earnings 18,621 60,282 48,472 75,671 42,233 42,990 19,673 19,156 23,955 25.1


13,444 15,039 21,623 20,580 21,528 38,603 41,205 45,957 44,074 -4.1

Mining 30,145 22,411 12,161 13,075 10,546 3,349 4,649 23,115 28,737 24.3

Utilities 144,677 126,010 119,721 123,235 133,204 129,365 131,573 134,667 134,43

2 -0.2

Construction 56,918 60,849 63,969 59,743 59,076 60,261 57,864 57,732 57,768 0.1

Manufacturing 71,538 72,738 74,267 73,900 75,287 74,774 74,796 77,627 78,116 0.6

Wholesale trade 59,198 58,696 63,383 68,728 66,204 60,484 62,396 63,985 65,050 1.7

Retail trade 28,158 27,902 28,104 27,251 26,348 26,098 27,222 27,679 27,817 0.5


54,369 55,913 57,152 54,417 54,899 55,549 58,614 57,940 55,678 -3.9

Information 63,097 62,051 63,797 61,270 61,897 57,247 56,330 58,194 68,184 17.2

Finance and insurance 55,958 48,676 54,157 52,226 54,513 56,483 57,091 57,642 58,909 2.2


12,441 10,428 13,450 16,968 19,379 21,461 22,803 19,104 18,228 -4.6


55,975 58,324 59,129 58,831 59,292 58,585 59,708 61,696 56,859 -7.8


85,201 88,730 116,995 89,091 88,064 92,729 76,107 80,726 83,969 4.0


27,245 27,838 29,354 28,968 29,330 30,048 31,201 33,634 33,299 -1.0

Educational services 29,975 29,493 29,891 28,940 31,012 28,548 30,609 28,740 29,479 2.6


54,040 52,647 53,516 53,108 53,520 53,843 56,425 55,334 54,587 -1.4


28,106 27,449 25,850 22,928 21,827 21,527 22,955 22,080 21,486 -2.7


15,624 16,284 16,576 16,905 17,313 17,669 18,357 18,815 18,932 0.6


30,742 29,642 29,826 29,575 30,141 30,693 31,794 32,251 32,780 1.6


56,871 55,498 54,714 56,012 56,884 57,975 58,686 58,163 57,911 -0.4

Total 45,070 46,906 47,620 48,441 47,293 47,457 46,934 47,438 47,947 1.1

Table I.28.31 shows total employment and real personal income for the years of 1969 to 2018. Total

real personal income includes all wage and salary earnings, proprietorship income, dividends,

interest, rents, and transfer payments. In 2018, total real personal income was 9,738,775,000 dollars,

a 3.3 percent change between 2017 and 2018. Total employment was 126,550 in 2010 and 131,089

in 2018, a change of 0.7 percent over the period.



Table I.28.31 Total Employment and Real Personal Income

East Central Intergovernmental Association BEA Data 1969 Through 2018

Year

1,000s of 2019 Dollars Per

Capita Income

Total Employment

Average Real Earnings

Per Job Earnings Social

Security Contributions

Residents Adjustments

Dividends, Interest, Rents

Transfer Payments

Personal Income

1969 3,340,229 229,160 -97,103 593,322 300,256 3,907,545 19,156 90,873 36,757

1970 3,340,321 225,391 -84,406 628,269 333,364 3,992,157 19,479 90,824 36,778

1971 3,264,267 234,410 -87,741 648,402 364,998 3,955,516 19,126 90,294 36,152

1972 3,508,700 260,161 -103,371 677,102 377,820 4,200,090 20,208 91,528 38,335

1973 3,911,017 319,843 -114,693 736,948 413,774 4,627,203 22,186 96,163 40,671

1974 3,805,401 351,481 -137,499 774,529 442,773 4,533,723 21,700 98,995 38,440

1975 3,866,684 337,550 -135,604 793,481 511,302 4,698,314 22,281 98,891 39,100

1976 3,868,163 360,353 -144,863 820,753 537,545 4,721,245 22,171 101,723 38,026

1977 4,095,707 380,836 -171,290 881,098 536,130 4,960,810 23,378 104,545 39,176

1978 4,436,246 405,763 -173,895 918,380 550,957 5,325,926 25,118 105,941 41,875

1979 4,347,244 437,664 -186,856 962,402 570,223 5,255,349 24,823 109,064 39,860

1980 3,956,762 419,596 -180,760 1,064,662 623,631 5,044,700 23,932 107,425 36,833

1981 3,919,976 417,958 -123,558 1,183,473 650,935 5,212,868 24,853 103,819 37,758

1982 3,344,276 379,643 -63,151 1,276,234 731,564 4,909,280 23,641 98,831 33,838

1983 3,120,246 369,252 -41,004 1,291,274 748,930 4,750,196 23,181 98,447 31,695

1984 3,624,121 394,186 -30,376 1,383,681 723,757 5,306,997 26,120 100,197 36,170

1985 3,551,489 396,689 -17,087 1,363,154 733,218 5,234,085 26,042 99,412 35,725

1986 3,539,776 398,349 13,413 1,343,592 732,654 5,231,086 26,524 99,037 35,742

1987 3,872,840 422,436 5,657 1,286,679 723,175 5,465,915 28,023 101,406 38,191

1988 3,802,139 446,425 17,983 1,268,550 730,285 5,372,532 27,606 103,870 36,605

1989 3,979,341 450,048 37,933 1,308,118 757,727 5,633,072 29,137 106,230 37,460

1990 4,024,228 466,077 49,414 1,275,615 791,276 5,674,456 29,408 108,419 37,117

1991 3,924,984 475,341 55,474 1,248,266 820,606 5,573,989 28,790 110,137 35,637

1992 4,224,406 495,547 58,007 1,250,185 865,683 5,902,734 30,246 110,890 38,095

1993 4,140,590 505,515 70,844 1,236,730 892,116 5,834,765 29,810 112,288 36,875

1994 4,466,795 535,151 82,003 1,233,484 902,661 6,149,792 31,357 113,868 39,228

1995 4,453,974 548,892 87,191 1,333,463 937,110 6,262,845 31,873 116,653 38,181

1996 4,648,078 520,814 98,968 1,426,052 983,617 6,635,901 33,810 117,135 39,681

1997 4,745,005 559,852 108,986 1,481,432 984,540 6,760,110 34,443 119,082 39,847

1998 4,810,333 574,270 138,964 1,588,716 1,011,164 6,974,907 35,569 120,459 39,933

1999 4,829,785 577,372 158,142 1,503,412 1,036,185 6,950,152 35,438 120,676 40,023

2000 4,999,008 582,410 174,510 1,558,529 1,075,458 7,225,096 36,819 121,504 41,143

2001 4,932,049 574,020 197,640 1,536,356 1,143,013 7,235,038 37,006 119,321 41,334

2002 4,971,808 582,029 209,774 1,437,053 1,243,203 7,279,809 37,265 118,401 41,991

2003 5,053,778 599,822 220,478 1,387,742 1,215,621 7,277,797 37,102 118,397 42,685

2004 5,222,132 610,898 231,433 1,362,645 1,228,719 7,434,030 37,848 120,366 43,385

2005 5,196,017 628,331 235,510 1,337,399 1,267,851 7,408,446 37,695 123,218 42,169

2006 5,306,603 636,775 254,839 1,445,976 1,362,903 7,733,545 39,231 126,029 42,106

2007 5,510,481 649,730 237,165 1,590,830 1,414,282 8,103,027 40,968 127,737 43,139

2008 5,594,813 672,280 210,664 1,635,144 1,559,982 8,328,323 42,054 128,148 43,659

2009 5,424,384 667,625 210,692 1,529,396 1,629,152 8,125,998 41,010 125,519 43,216

2010 5,703,670 702,768 222,275 1,483,099 1,704,137 8,410,413 42,238 126,550 45,070

2011 6,049,060 648,922 212,944 1,632,432 1,682,731 8,928,245 44,767 128,960 46,906

2012 6,174,788 654,634 215,273 1,721,004 1,653,292 9,109,724 45,675 129,668 47,620

2013 6,320,727 727,554 221,446 1,663,071 1,671,542 9,149,232 45,865 130,483 48,441

2014 6,207,678 723,598 216,723 1,766,138 1,724,307 9,191,248 46,066 131,259 47,293

2015 6,275,563 725,305 205,293 1,867,259 1,801,906 9,424,716 47,243 132,238 47,457

2016 6,142,585 738,824 221,691 1,906,365 1,837,004 9,368,820 47,059 130,878 46,934

2017 6,176,986 752,762 247,769 1,966,095 1,786,744 9,424,832 47,364 130,213 47,438

2018 6,285,348 764,824 248,118 2,083,785 1,886,348 9,738,775 49,062 131,089 47,947



Diagram I.28.11, shows real average earnings per job for East Central Intergovernmental Association

from 1990 to 2018. Over this period the average earning per job for East Central Intergovernmental

Association was 42,571 dollars, which was lower than the statewide average of 46,575 dollars over

the same period.

Diagram I.28.11

Real Average Earnings per Job East Central Intergovernmental Association



Per capita income is a broader measure of wealth than real average earnings per job, which only

captures the working population. Diagram I.28.12 shows real per capita income for East Central

Intergovernmental Association from 1990 to 2018 of $38,727, which was lower than the statewide

average of $41,199 over the same period.

Diagram I.28.12 Real per Capita Income




Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages

The BLS produces the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), which reports monthly

data on employment and quarterly data on wages and number of business establishments. QCEW

employment data represent only filled jobs, whether full or part-time, temporary or permanent, by

place of work the pay period. If data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards they are

displayed as (ND), not disclosed. Data from this series are from the period of January 2006 through

December 2019 and are presented in Table I.28.32. Between 2018 and 2019, total annual

employment decreased from 97,780 persons in 2018 to 97,457 in 2019, a change of -0.3 percent.

Table I.28.32 Total Monthly Employment

East Central Intergovernmental Association BLS QCEW Data, 2001–2019

Period 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Jan 91,104 92,623 93,853 95,141 94,885 96,605 96,262 95,470 95,441 95,798

Feb 90,875 92,628 94,022 95,127 94,715 96,356 96,447 95,819 95,807 95,030

Mar 91,274 93,410 95,171 95,681 95,225 97,069 97,548 96,601 96,517 95,666

Apr 94,278 95,349 96,681 96,510 97,294 98,883 98,358 97,847 97,695 97,536

May 95,395 96,350 97,847 98,482 98,524 99,925 98,992 98,697 99,376 98,756

Jun 96,594 97,238 98,480 98,452 99,427 100,658 99,559 99,224 100,141 99,520

Jul 93,813 95,035 95,936 96,313 96,873 98,088 97,204 97,102 97,228 97,661

Aug 93,492 95,627 96,583 96,735 97,462 97,575 96,589 96,953 97,325 97,079

Sep 95,507 97,160 97,308 97,399 98,188 99,027 97,972 97,775 97,757 97,535

Oct 95,426 96,753 97,827 97,627 98,519 99,194 97,836 98,270 98,246 97,849

Nov 95,713 97,262 98,366 97,971 99,308 99,444 98,552 98,391 99,055 98,552

Dec 95,354 96,890 97,902 97,794 98,998 99,156 98,101 98,070 98,643 98,506

Annual 94,070 95,528 96,665 96,936 97,452 98,499 97,785 97,520 97,780 97,457

% Change 0.8% 1.5% 1.2% 0.3% 0.5% 1.1% -0.7% -0.3% 0.3% -0.3%

The QCEW also reports average weekly wages, which represents total compensation paid during the

calendar quarter, regardless of when services were performed. The BLS QCEW data indicated average

weekly wages were 3,886 dollars in 2018. In 2019, average weekly wages saw an increased of 2.9

percent over the prior year, rising to 3,997 dollars, or by 111 dollars. These data are shown in Table

I.28.33.



Table I.28.33 Average Weekly Wages

East Central Intergovernmental Association BLS QCEW Data, 2001–2019

Year First

Quarter Second Quarter

Third Quarter

Fourth Quarter

Annual % Change

2002 2,336 2,345 2,367 2,561 2,403 3.1%

2003 2,413 2,438 2,428 2,710 2,497 3.9%

2004 2,470 2,494 2,517 2,789 2,569 2.9%

2005 2,509 2,622 2,681 2,791 2,653 3.3%

2006 2,665 2,630 2,663 2,889 2,711 2.2%

2007 2,783 2,764 2,796 3,049 2,848 5.1%

2008 2,933 2,903 2,954 3,213 3,002 5.4%

2009 2,953 2,932 2,970 3,308 3,041 1.3%

2010 2,952 3,017 3,097 3,426 3,125 2.8%

2011 3,064 3,127 3,269 3,406 3,217 2.9%

2012 3,252 3,208 3,201 3,533 3,298 2.5%

2013 3,298 3,263 3,277 3,591 3,358 1.8%

2014 3,421 3,371 3,397 3,803 3,499 4.2%

2015 3,511 3,496 3,522 3,969 3,625 3.6%

2016 3,496 3,558 3,717 3,877 3,662 1%

2017 3,738 3,643 3,702 3,966 3,763 2.8%

2018 3,867 3,745 3,813 4,121 3,886 3.3%

2019 3,956 3,875 3,925 4,237 3,997 2.9%

Total business establishments reported by the QCEW are displayed in Table I.28.34. Between 2018

and 2019, the total number of business establishments in Iowa increased by 2.9 percent, from 6,555

to 6,661 establishments. The most recent 2019 estimates show there were 6,689 business

establishments in the fourth quarter of 2019.

Table I.28.34

Number of Business Establishments East Central Intergovernmental Association

BLS QCEW Data, 2001–2019

Year First

Quarter Second Quarter

Third Quarter

Fourth Quarter

Annual % Change

2001 6,069 6,071 5,731 5,759 5,908

2002 5,782 5,832 5,796 5,799 5,803 -1.8%

2003 5,869 5,887 5,952 5,960 5,918 2%

2004 5,988 6,011 6,015 5,979 5,999 1.4%

2005 6,016 6,028 6,049 6,063 6,040 0.7%

2006 6,044 6,102 6,111 6,066 6,082 0.7%

2007 6,077 6,139 6,186 6,144 6,138 0.9%

2008 6,115 6,144 6,165 6,192 6,154 0.3%

2009 6,176 6,218 6,250 6,232 6,219 1.1%

2010 6,227 6,241 6,260 6,219 6,238 0.3%

2011 6,175 6,189 6,218 6,257 6,210 -0.4%

2012 6,239 6,237 6,258 6,302 6,259 0.8%

2013 6,297 6,346 6,368 6,361 6,343 1.3%

2014 6,374 6,429 6,434 6,436 6,419 1.2%

2015 6,463 6,491 6,509 6,487 6,488 1.1%

2016 6,472 6,480 6,490 6,495 6,485 (ND)%

2017 6,438 6,470 6,524 6,524 6,490 0.1%

2018 6,519 6,549 6,573 6,577 6,555 1%

2019 6,611 6,676 6,670 6,689 6,661 1.6%



Iowa Department of Revenue

The Iowa Department of Revenue releases annual income tax statistics. Table I.28.35, shows the

number of returns by adjusted gross income. For taxpayer confidentiality, if the number of returns

was fewer than 5, the data was redacted. As a result, the number of returns reported maybe slightly

lower than the actual returns. Most redacted records occurred in the highest income brackets. The

table gives an accurate measure of the income distribution in East Central Intergovernmental

Association.

As can be seen, the total number of returns between 2010 and 2018 increased by 4.2 percent, with

7,724 returns reported in 2018, which was the most recent year available. Between 2010 and 2018,

the adjusted gross income class that saw the largest change was 0-9,999 dollars with a change of

95.4 percent. This compared to the income class of 10,000-19,999 dollars, which saw the lowest

percentage change between 2010 and 2018 of -9.2 percent.

Table I.28.35

Number of Tax Returns by Adjusted Gross Income East Central Intergovernmental Association

Iowa DOR 2002 - 2018

Year $0 –

9,999 $10,000 –

19,999 $20,000 –

29,999 $30,000 –

39,999 $40,000 –

49,999 $50,000 –

59,999 $60,000 –

74,999 $75,000 –

99,999 $100,000 –

124,999

$125,000 and

above Total

2002 20,430 14,697 11,673 8,724 7,614 6,301 6,602 4,685 1,385 1,790 83,901

2003 20,278 14,184 11,816 8,667 7,315 6,132 6,744 5,194 1,603 1,922 83,855

2004 19,994 14,027 11,590 8,862 7,234 6,236 7,023 5,803 1,859 2,216 84,844

2005 19,760 13,851 11,494 9,128 7,280 6,300 7,152 6,292 2,149 2,534 85,940

2006 19,266 13,829 11,785 9,137 7,375 6,279 7,372 7,051 2,499 2,942 87,535

2007 19,610 13,902 12,105 9,484 7,491 6,275 7,695 7,497 2,963 3,490 90,512

2008 19,347 13,872 11,769 9,355 7,267 6,251 7,656 7,775 3,281 3,605 90,178

2009 19,465 13,783 12,085 9,137 7,163 6,037 7,527 7,551 3,310 3,558 89,616

2010 18,964 14,231 11,851 9,207 7,174 6,157 7,507 7,959 3,596 3,953 90,599

2011 19,502 14,216 11,806 9,265 7,209 6,061 7,474 8,426 3,759 4,470 92,188

2012 19,026 14,025 11,828 9,328 7,167 5,922 7,514 8,594 4,159 5,208 92,771

2013 18,979 13,933 12,061 9,308 7,180 6,115 7,301 8,736 4,409 5,459 93,481

2014 18,801 14,087 11,907 9,769 7,297 5,880 7,303 8,850 4,776 6,027 94,697

2015 18,888 13,925 11,756 9,901 7,350 5,889 7,215 8,875 4,893 6,399 95,091

2016 18,689 13,589 11,657 10,049 7,238 5,892 7,006 8,647 4,960 6,574 94,301

2017 17,924 13,449 11,522 9,927 7,522 5,848 7,128 8,620 5,217 7,111 94,268

2018 17,214 13,072 11,241 9,815 7,676 5,968 7,211 8,902 5,591 7,724 94,414

Change 10 - 18

-9.2% -8.1% -5.1% 6.6% 7% -3.1% -3.9% 11.8% 55.5% 95.4% 4.2%



Diagram I.28.13 Income Distribution

East Central Intergovernmental Association DOR Data 2015 – 2018



Poverty

Poverty is the condition of having insufficient resources or

income. In its extreme form, poverty is a lack of basic human

needs, such as adequate and healthy food, clothing, housing,

water, and health services. According to the Census Bureau’s

Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates Program, the number

of individuals in poverty decreased from 21,783 in 2010 to

21,317 in 2018, with the poverty rate reaching 11.0 percent in

2018. This compared to a state poverty rate of 11.2 percent and

a national rate of 13.1 percent in 2018. Table I.28.36, at right,

presents poverty data for the county.

The rate of poverty for East Central Intergovernmental

Association is shown in Table I.28.37. In 2018, the poverty rate

was 11.1 percent meaning there were an estimated 21,531

people living in poverty, compared to 8.5 percent living in

poverty in 2000. In 2018, some 16.3 percent of those in poverty

were under age 6 and 9.0 percent were 65 or older. This data

is also displayed in Diagram I.1.14 on the following page.

Table I.28.37 Poverty by Age

East Central Intergovernmental Association 2000 Census SF3 & 2018 Five-Year ACS Data

Age 2000 Census 2018 Five-Year ACS

Persons in Poverty % of Total Persons in Poverty % of Total

Under 6 2,347 15.9% 2,339 16.3%

6 to 17 3,959 12.2% 3,924 13.1%

18 to 64 9,388 8.2% 12,177 10.6%

65 or Older 2,610 8.6% 3,091 9.0%

Total 18,304 100.0% 21,531 100.0%

Poverty Rate 9.5% . 11.1% .

Table I.28.36 Persons in Poverty


2000–2018 SAIPE Estimates

Year Persons in

Poverty Poverty Rate

2000 15,483 8.1% 2001 15,402 8.0% 2002 17,072 8.8% 2003 17,049 8.8% 2004 19,720 10.1% 2005 18,899 9.9% 2006 20,171 10.5% 2007 18,446 9.7% 2008 20,653 10.8% 2009 19,258 10.0% 2010 21,783 11.3% 2011 21,271 11.0% 2012 24,779 12.8% 2013 23,729 12.2% 2014 21,840 11.3% 2015 23,030 11.8% 2016 21,340 11.0% 2017 20,405 10.5% 2018 21,317 11.0%



Diagram I.1.14 Poverty Rates

East Central Intergovernmental Association SAIPE Estimates 2000 – 2018



Housing Housing Estimates

The Census Bureau estimates that the total number of housing units increased by 4.4 percent in East

Central Intergovernmental Association between 2010 and 2019, from 86,191 to 89973. This

compared to an estimated 6.2 percent increase statewide, as shown in Table I.28.38.

Table I.28.38 Housing Units

State of Iowa vs. East Central Intergovernmental Association 2000 and 2019 Census Data and Intercensal Estimates

Subject Iowa % Growth

Since Census

East Central Intergovernmental

Association County

% Growth Since

Census

2000 Census Base 1,232,625 . 81,295 .

2010 Census 1,336,417 8.4% 86,191 6.0%

July 2011 Estimate 1,343,427 0.5% 86,829 0.7%

July 2012 Estimate 1,348,745 0.9% 87,244 1.2%

July 2013 Estimate 1,356,423 1.5% 87,686 1.7%

July 2014 Estimate 1,366,191 2.2% 88,117 2.2%

July 2015 Estimate 1,375,304 2.9% 88,487 2.7%

July 2016 Estimate 1,385,453 3.7% 88,761 3.0%

July 2017 Estimate 1,397,680 4.6% 89,180 3.5%

July 2018 Estimate 1,409,413 5.5% 89,606 4.0%

July 2019 Estimate 1,418,626 6.2% 89,973 4.4%



Housing Production

The Census Bureau reports building permit authorizations and “per unit” valuation of building

permits by county annually. Single-family construction usually represents most residential

development in the county. Single-family building permit authorizations in East Central

Intergovernmental Association decreased from 375 authorizations in 2018 to 330 in 2019.

The real value of single-family building permits decreased from 282,509 dollars in 2018 to 266,521

dollars in 2019. This compares to an increase in permit value statewide, with values rising from

250,478 dollars in 2018 to 251,517 dollars in 2019. Additional details are given in Table I.28.39 as

well as in Diagram I.28.15 and Diagram I.28.16.

Table I.28.39

Building Permits and Valuation East Central Intergovernmental Association

Census Bureau Data, 1980–2019

Year

Authorized Construction in Permit Issuing Areas Per Unit Valuation,

(Real 2019$)

Single- Family

Duplex Units

Tri- and Four-Plex

Multi-Family Units

Total Units

Single-Family Units

Multi-Family Units

1980 343 30 23 115 511 133,191 26,035

1981 222 0 20 6 248 131,418 67,944 1982 160 8 15 59 242 113,308 52,833 1983 210 6 30 16 262 119,983 52,164 1984 205 2 19 10 236 120,023 15,391 1985 126 0 8 21 155 142,776 55,223 1986 163 2 8 61 234 142,761 44,213 1987 223 0 3 29 255 139,951 53,668 1988 259 20 12 0 291 140,329 0 1989 315 0 12 27 354 145,258 37,990 1990 349 20 56 55 480 149,796 100,578 1991 411 12 16 26 465 142,480 78,277 1992 520 14 51 74 659 152,250 70,090 1993 481 40 52 65 638 158,933 56,272 1994 494 32 63 136 725 152,908 51,185 1995 501 40 31 108 680 152,735 64,453 1996 478 26 30 228 762 168,096 74,935 1997 402 16 10 126 554 172,151 62,466 1998 481 16 19 67 583 184,599 119,385 1999 511 26 8 65 610 195,413 91,877 2000 498 30 47 62 637 189,589 83,422 2001 568 42 24 88 722 206,018 113,338 2002 625 56 9 73 763 208,336 164,991 2003 734 56 24 77 891 204,832 73,699 2004 749 62 20 413 1,244 205,298 126,480 2005 724 58 49 118 949 213,343 83,646 2006 632 28 20 55 735 212,368 175,235 2007 529 26 13 44 612 218,773 101,624 2008 361 22 0 0 383 228,012 0 2009 442 18 4 102 566 220,104 98,576 2010 456 30 7 197 690 198,470 79,602 2011 380 32 3 106 521 214,849 75,051 2012 410 8 3 134 555 197,705 88,014 2013 461 24 0 44 529 205,099 112,304 2014 369 18 4 58 449 211,261 92,350 2015 355 12 0 22 389 233,235 239,416 2016 406 18 0 126 550 263,225 113,040 2017 352 28 7 184 571 261,770 80,216 2018 375 30 9 98 512 282,509 88,665 2019 330 40 4 119 493 266,521 60,626



Diagram I.28.15 Single-Family Permits

East Central Intergovernmental Association Census Bureau Data, 1980–2019



Diagram I.28.16

Total Permits by Unit Type East Central Intergovernmental Association

Census Bureau Data, 1980–2019



Housing Characteristics

Households by type and tenure are shown in Table I.28.40. Family households represented 64.9

percent of households, while non-family households accounted for 35.1 percent. These changed

from 67.2 and 32.8 percent, respectively.

Table I.28.40 Household Type by Tenure

East Central Intergovernmental Association 2010 Census SF1 & 2018 Five-Year ACS Data

Household Type 2010 Census 2018 Five-Year ACS

Households Households Households % of Total

Family Households 53,037 66.4% 52,800 65.4%

Married-Couple Family 42,422 80.0% 42,356 80.2%

Owner-Occupied 38,319 90.3% 38,105 90.0%

Renter-Occupied 4,103 9.7% 4,251 10.0%

Other Family 10,615 20.0% 10,444 20.1%

Male Householder, No Spouse Present 3,398 32.0% 3,663 32.5%

Owner-Occupied 2,240 65.9% 2,553 69.7%

Renter-Occupied 1,158 34.1% 1,110 30.3%

Female Householder, No Spouse Present 7,217 68.0% 6,781 69.1%

Owner-Occupied 3,793 52.6% 3,506 51.7%

Renter-Occupied 3,424 47.4% 3,275 48.3%

Non-Family Households 26,863 33.6% 27,940 34.6%

Owner-Occupied 15,148 56.4% 16,511 59.1%

Renter-Occupied 11,715 43.6% 11,429 40.9%

Total 79,900 100.0% 80,740 100.0%



Table I.28.41 shows housing units by type in 2010 and 2018. In 2010, there were 85,856 housing

units, compared with 88,896 in 2018. Single-family units accounted for 78.1 percent of units in

2018, compared to 78.5 in 2010. Apartment units accounted for 9.5 percent in 2018, compared to

8.6 percent in 2010.

Table I.28.41 Housing Units by Type


Unit Type 2010 Five-Year ACS 2018 Five-Year ACS

Units % of Total Units % of Total

Single-Family 67,382 78.5% 69,420 78.1%

Duplex 3,364 3.9% 3,057 3.4%

Tri- or Four-Plex 4,020 4.7% 4,383 4.9%

Apartment 7,414 8.6% 8,415 9.5%

Mobile Home 3,676 4.3% 3,614 4.1%

Boat, RV, Van, Etc. 0 0.0% 7 0.0%

Total 85,856 100.0% 88,896 100.0%

Table I.28.42 shows housing units by tenure from 2010 to 2018. By 2018, there were 88,896 housing

units. An estimated 75.1 percent were owner-occupied, and 9.2 percent were vacant.

Table I.28.42 Housing Units by Tenure


Tenure 2010 Census 2018 Five-Year ACS


Occupied Housing Units 79,900 92.7% 80,740 90.8%

Owner-Occupied 59,500 74.5% 60,675 75.1%

Renter-Occupied 20,400 25.5% 20,065 24.9%

Vacant Housing Units 6,291 7.3% 8,156 9.2%

Total Housing Units 86,191 100.0% 88,896 100.0%



Households by income for the 2010 and 2018 Five-Year ACS are shown in Table I.28.43. Households

earning more than 100,000 dollars per year represented 22.4 percent of households in 2018,

compared to 13.3 percent in 2010. Meanwhile, households earning less than 15,000 dollars

accounted for 9.7 percent of households in 2018, compared to 11.2 percent in 2000.

Table I.28.43 Households by Income


Income 2010 Five-Year ACS 2018 Five-Year ACS

Households % of Total Households % of Total

Less than $15,000 8,941 11.2% 7,849 9.7%

$15,000 to $19,999 4,692 5.9% 3,741 4.6%

$20,000 to $24,999 4,784 6.0% 4,218 5.2%

$25,000 to $34,999 9,989 12.5% 7,609 9.4%

$35,000 to $49,999 13,579 16.9% 11,162 13.8%

$50,000 to $74,999 16,756 20.9% 15,825 19.6%

$75,000 to $99,999 10,734 13.4% 12,259 15.2%

$100,000 or More 10,650 13.3% 18,077 22.4%

Total 80,125 100.0% 80,740 100.0%

Table I.28.44 shows households by year home built for the 2010 and 2018 Five-Year ACS Data.

Housing units built between 2000 and 2009, account for 8.9 percent of households in 2010 and 10.8

percent of households in 2018. Housing units built in 1939 or earlier represented 28.1 percent of

households in 2018 and 32.0 percent of households in 2010.

Table I.28.44 Households by Year Home Built East Central Intergovernmental Association

2010 & 2018 Five-Year ACS Data

Year Built 2010 Five-Year ACS 2018 Five-Year ACS

Households % of Total Households % of Total

1939 or Earlier 25,605 32.0% 22,692 28.1%

1940 to 1949 5,066 6.3% 4,339 5.4%

1950 to 1959 8,646 10.8% 8,374 10.4%

1960 to 1969 8,558 10.7% 8,654 10.7%

1970 to 1979 12,690 15.8% 12,113 15.0%

1980 to 1989 4,740 5.9% 4,965 6.1%

1990 to 1999 7,673 9.6% 7,366 9.1%

2000 to 2009 7,147 8.9% 8,714 10.8%

2010 or Later . . 3,523 4.4%

Total 80,125 100.0% 80,740 100.0%

The distribution of unit types by race are shown in Table I.28.45. An estimated 81.2 percent of white

households occupy single-family homes, compared to 45.3 percent of black households. Some 8.0

percent of white households occupied apartments, compared to 27.5 percent of black households.

An estimated 49.3 percent of Asian, and 59.7 percent of American Indian households occupy single-

family homes.



Table I.28.45 Distribution of Units in Structure by Race


Unit Type White Black American

Indian Asian

Native Hawaiian/Pacifi

c Islanders Other

Two or More Races

Single-Family 81.2% 45.3% 59.7% 49.3% 45.9% 31.1% 71.8%

Duplex 2.9% 8.7% 9.7% 4.6% 17.8% 26.5% 2.6%

Tri- or Four-Plex

3.9% 18.5% 0.0% 22.1% 36.3% 15.9% 12.1%

Apartment 8.0% 27.5% 18.1% 19.8% 0.0% 25.2% 13.5%

Mobile Home 4.0% 0.0% 12.6% 3.3% 0.0% 1.3% 0.0%

Boat, RV, Van, Etc.

0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

The disposition of vacant units between 2010 and 2018 are shown in Table I.28.46. An estimated

24.8 percent of vacant units were for rent in 2010. In addition, some 14.5 percent of vacant units

were for sale. “Other” vacant units represented 31.6 percent of vacant units in 2010. “Other” vacant

units are not for sale or rent, or otherwise available to the marketplace. These units may be

problematic if concentrated in certain areas, and may create a “blighting” effect.

By 2018, for rent units accounted for 20.4 percent of vacant units, while for sale units accounted for

7.5 percent. “Other” vacant units accounted for 39.4 percent of vacant units, representing a total of

3,217 “other” vacant units.

Table I.28.46 Disposition of Vacant Housing Units


Disposition 2010 Census 2018 Five-Year ACS


For Rent 1,560 24.8% 1,661 20.4%

For Sale 910 14.5% 614 7.5%

Rented Not Occupied 97 1.5% 351 4.3%

Sold Not Occupied 259 4.1% 495 6.1%

For Seasonal, Recreational, or Occasional Use 1,470 23.4% 1,780 21.8%

For Migrant Workers 4 0.1% 38 0.5%

Other Vacant 1,991 31.6% 3,217 39.4%

Total 6,291 100.0% 8,156 100.0%

Table I.28.47 shows the number of households in the county by number of bedrooms and tenure.

There were 840 rental households with no bedrooms, otherwise known as studio apartments. Two-

bedroom households accounted for 23.5 percent of total households in East Central

Intergovernmental Association. In East Central Intergovernmental Association the 35,744 households

with three bedrooms accounted for 44.3 percent of all households and there were only 3,666 five-

bedroom or more households, which accounted for 4.5 percent of all households.



Table I.28.47 Households by Number of Bedrooms


Number of Bedrooms

Tenure % of Total

Own Rent Total

None 64 840 904 1.1%

One 1,246 4,852 6,098 7.6%

Two 11,156 7,779 18,935 23.5%

Three 30,949 4,795 35,744 44.3%

Four 14,083 1,310 15,393 19.1%

Five or more 3,177 489 3,666 4.5%

Total 60,675 20,065 80,740 100.0%

Household mortgage status is reported in Table I.28.48. In East Central Intergovernmental Association

households with a mortgage accounted for 58.7 percent of all households or 35,640 housing units,

and the remaining 48.5 percent or 29,411 units had no mortgage. Of those units with a mortgage,

5,971 had either a second mortgage or home equity loan, 258 had both a second mortgage and home

equity loan, and 29,411 or 48.5 percent had no second mortgage or no home equity loan.

Table I.28.48 Mortgage Status


Mortgage Status East Central Intergovernmental Association

Households % of Households

Housing units with a mortgage, contract to purchase, or similar debt 35,640 58.7

With either a second mortgage or home equity loan, but not both 5,971 9.8

Second mortgage only 853 1.4

Home equity loan only 5,118 8.4

Both second mortgage and home equity loan 258 0.4

No second mortgage and no home equity loan 29,411 48.5

Housing units without a mortgage 25,035 41.3

Total 60,675 100.0%



Housing Problems

The Census identified the following four housing problems in the CHAS data. Households are

considered to have housing problems if they have one of more of the four problems.

1. Housing unit lacks complete kitchen facilities;

2. Housing unit lacks complete plumbing facilities;

3. Household is overcrowded; and

4. Household is cost burdened.

Overcrowding is defined as having from 1.1 to 1.5 people per room per residence, with severe

overcrowding defined as having more than 1.5 people per room. Households with overcrowding are

shown in Table I.28.49. In 2018, an estimated 0.6 percent of households were overcrowded, and an

additional 0.4 percent were severely overcrowded.

Table I.28.49 Overcrowding and Severe Overcrowding


Data Source

No Overcrowding Overcrowding Severe Overcrowding

Total

Households % of Total Households % of Total Households % of Total

Owner

2010 Five-Year ACS 60,841 99.6% 221 0.4% 23 0.0% 61,085

2018 Five-Year ACS 60,332 99.4% 290 0.5% 53 0.1% 60,675

Renter

2010 Five-Year ACS 18,681 98.1% 224 1.2% 135 0.7% 19,040

2018 Five-Year ACS 19,577 97.6% 234 1.2% 254 1.3% 20,065

Total

2010 Five-Year ACS 79,522 99.2% 445 0.6% 158 0.2% 80,125

2018 Five-Year ACS 79,909 99.0% 524 0.6% 307 0.4% 80,740



Incomplete plumbing and kitchen facilities are another indicator of potential housing problems.

According to the Census Bureau, a housing unit is classified as lacking complete plumbing facilities

when any of the following are not present: piped hot and cold water, a flush toilet, and a bathtub or

shower. Likewise, a unit is categorized as deficient when any of the following are missing from the

kitchen: a sink with piped hot and cold water, a range or cook top and oven, and a refrigerator. This

data is displayed in Table I.28.50 and Table I.28.51, below.

There were a total of 224 households with incomplete plumbing facilities in 2018, representing 0.3

percent of households in East Central Intergovernmental Association. This is compared to 0.4 percent

of households lacking complete plumbing facilities in 2010.

Table I.28.50 Households with Incomplete Plumbing Facilities

2010 and 2018 Five-Year ACS Data

Households 2010 Five-Year ACS 2018 Five-Year ACS

With Complete Plumbing Facilities 79,818 80,516

Lacking Complete Plumbing Facilities 307 224

Total Households 80,125 80,740

Percent Lacking 0.4% 0.3%

There were 918 households lacking complete kitchen facilities in 2018, compared to 722 households

in 2010. This was a change from 0.9 percent of households in 2010 to 1.1 percent in 2018.

Table I.28.51 Households with Incomplete Kitchen Facilities

East Central Intergovernmental Association 2010 and 2018 Five-Year ACS Data

Households 2010 Five-Year ACS 2018 Five-Year ACS

With Complete Kitchen Facilities 79,403 79,822

Lacking Complete Kitchen Facilities 722 918

Total Households 80,125 80,740

Percent Lacking 0.9% 1.1%

Cost burden is defined as gross housing costs that range from 30.0 to 50.0 percent of gross household

income; severe cost burden is defined as gross housing costs that exceed 50.0 percent of gross

household income. For homeowners, gross housing costs include property taxes, insurance, energy

payments, water and sewer service, and refuse collection. If the homeowner has a mortgage, the

determination also includes principal and interest payments on the mortgage loan. For renters, this

figure represents monthly rent and selected electricity and natural gas energy charges.



As seen in Table I.28.52, in East Central Intergovernmental Association 13.0 percent of households

had a cost burden and 9.5 percent had a severe cost burden. Some 20.2 percent of renters were cost

burdened, and 20.4 percent were severely cost burdened. Owner-occupied households without a

mortgage had a cost burden rate of 6.9 percent and a severe cost burden rate of 4.7 percent. Owner

occupied households with a mortgage had a cost burden rate of 13.2 percent, and severe cost burden

at 6.8 percent.

Table I.28.52 Cost Burden and Severe Cost Burden by Tenure


Data Source

Less Than 30% 31%-50% Above 50% Not Computed

Total

Households % of Total Households % of Total Households % of Total Households % of Total

Owner With a Mortgage

2010 Five-Year ACS

28,139 74.5% 6,886 18.2% 2,731 7.2% 26 0.1% 37,782

2018 Five-Year ACS

28,390 79.7% 4,706 13.2% 2,407 6.8% 137 0.4% 35,640

Owner Without a Mortgage

2010 Five-Year ACS

20,186 86.6% 1,952 8.4% 1,068 4.6% 97 0.4% 23,303

2018 Five-Year ACS

21,875 87.4% 1,728 6.9% 1,182 4.7% 250 1.0% 25,035

Renter

2010 Five-Year ACS

10,262 53.9% 3,652 19.2% 3,744 19.7% 1,382 7.3% 19,040

2018 Five-Year ACS

10,061 50.1% 4,047 20.2% 4,095 20.4% 1,862 9.3% 20,065

Total

2010 Five-Year ACS

58,587 73.1% 12,490 15.6% 7,543 9.4% 1,505 1.9% 80,125

2018 Five-Year ACS

60,326 74.7% 10,481 13.0% 7,684 9.5% 2,249 2.8% 80,740



Housing Problems by Income

Very low-income renters are those who earn less than 50

percent of the area median income (AMI), and include a

significant proportion of extremely low-income renters (who

earn less than 30 percent of AMI). Households with worst

case needs are defined as very low-income renters who do

not receive government housing assistance and who pay

more than 50 percent of their income for rent, live in severely

inadequate conditions, or both. Table I.28.53 shows that the

HUD estimated MFI for East Central Intergovernmental

Association was $73,420 in 2019. This compared to Iowa’s

MFI of $76,900. Diagram I.28.17, illustrates the estimated

MFI for 2000 through 2019.

Diagram I.28.17 Estimated Median Family Income

East Central Intergovernmental Association vs. Iowa HUD Data: 2000 - 2019

Table I.28.53 Median Family Income

East Central Intergovernmental Association 2000–2019 HUD MFI

Year MFI State of Iowa

MFI

2000 47,400 49,100 2001 50,300 52,500 2002 50,580 53,700 2003 53,060 54,900 2004 54,140 55,800 2005 55,430 57,650 2006 55,640 57,800 2007 55,780 57,800 2008 56,000 58,300 2009 58,840 62,000 2010 59,440 62,400 2011 61,320 64,000 2012 62,120 64,800 2013 63,520 64,700 2014 65,480 65,300 2015 66,400 67,500 2016 65,660 68,400 2017 66,100 69,900 2018 70,380 73,100 2019 73,420 76,900



Home Mortgage Loans

The FFEIC The Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) was enacted by Congress in 1975. Data

collected under the HMDA provide a comprehensive portrait of home loan activity, including

information pertaining to home purchase loans, home improvement loans, and refinancing. For the

analysis only owner-occupied originated loans for single-family units were considered. As can be

seen in Table I.28.54, of the 4,365 loans in 2018, 2,378 loans were for Home Purchases, 226 were

for Home Improvement and 1,326 were for refinancing.

Table I.28.54 Owner-Occupied Single-Family Home Loans by Loan Type


2008 – 2018 HMDA Data

Year Home

Purchase Home

Improvement Refinancing Total

2008 1,781 352 2,713 4,846

2009 1,919 339 6,231 8,489

2010 1,811 302 5,465 7,578

2011 1,650 258 4,251 6,159

2012 1,805 337 6,083 8,225

2013 1,759 260 3,465 5,484

2014 1,938 269 1,508 3,715

2015 2,048 267 2,033 4,348

2016 2,304 240 2,318 4,862

2017 2,426 226 1,522 4,174

2018 2,378 226 1,326 4,365



Table I.28.55, shows the average loan value by loan type. The average home purchase loan was

135,136 dollars in 2012 and 143,183 dollars in 2018. Overall, average loans were 120,223 dollars

in 2008 and 120,695 dollars in 2018.

Table I.28.55 Owner-Occupied Single-Family Home Loans by Average Loan Amount


2008 – 2018 HMDA Data

Year Home

Purchase Home


2008 $118,814 $45,696 $130,818 $120,223

2009 $122,857 $48,413 $134,668 $128,554

2010 $126,734 $46,427 $135,030 $129,517

2011 $129,265 $56,899 $132,806 $128,678

2012 $135,136 $42,154 $134,916 $131,164

2013 $133,885 $40,388 $129,066 $126,407

2014 $135,322 $35,900 $133,245 $127,280

2015 $136,118 $47,708 $142,995 $133,904

2016 $141,147 $48,150 $155,247 $143,278

2017 $143,961 $52,708 $149,816 $141,155

2018 $143,183 $40,575 $117,964 $120,695

Table I.28.56, shows the total volume of owner-occupied single-family loans. Average home

purchase loans were 243,921,000 dollars in 2012 and 340,490,000 dollars in 2018. Overall, average

loans were 582,601,000 dollars in 2008 and 526,835,000 dollars in 2018.

Table I.28.56

Total Volume of Owner-Occupied Single-Family Loans East Central Intergovernmental Association

2008 – 2018 HMDA Data

Year Home

Purchase Home


2008 $211,607,000 $16,085,000 $354,909,000 $582,601,000

2009 $235,763,000 $16,412,000 $839,118,000 $1,091,293,000

2010 $229,516,000 $14,021,000 $737,941,000 $981,478,000

2011 $213,288,000 $14,680,000 $564,560,000 $792,528,000

2012 $243,921,000 $14,206,000 $820,695,000 $1,078,822,000

2013 $235,504,000 $10,501,000 $447,213,000 $693,218,000

2014 $262,255,000 $9,657,000 $200,934,000 $472,846,000

2015 $278,770,000 $12,738,000 $290,708,000 $582,216,000

2016 $325,202,000 $11,556,000 $359,862,000 $696,620,000

2017 $349,250,000 $11,912,000 $228,020,000 $589,182,000

2018 $340,490,000 $9,170,000 $156,420,000 $526,835,000



Survey of Rental Properties

From January through June of 2020, a telephone

survey was conducted with landlords and rental

property managers throughout Iowa. Table

I.28.57 presents some basic statistics about the

completed surveys.

Table I.28.58, shows the amount of total and

vacant units with their associated vacancy rates.

At the time of the survey, there were an estimated

162 single-family units in East Central Intergovernmental Association, with 5 of them available. This

translates into a vacancy rate of 3.1 percent in East Central Intergovernmental Association, which

compares to a single-family vacancy rate of 3.5 percent for the State of Iowa. There were 1,812

apartment units reported in the survey, with 75 of them available, which resulted in a vacancy rate

of 4.1 percent. This compares to a statewide vacancy rate of 3.5 percent for apartment units across

the state.

Table I.28.58 Rental Vacancy Survey by Type East Central Intergovernmental Association

2020 Survey of Rental Properties Unit Type Total Units Vacant Units Vacancy Rate

Single-Family 162 5 3.1%

Apartments 1,812 75 4.1%

Mobile Homes 0 0 0%

“Other” Units 14 0 0%

Don’t Know 2 2 100%

Total 1,990 82 4.1%

Table I.28.59, reports units by bedroom size. As can be seen there were 649 two-bedroom apartment

units and 81 three-bedroom units. Overall, the 693 two-bedroom units accounted for 34.8 percent

of all units, and the 134 three-bedroom units accounted for 6.7 percent. Several respondents choose

not to provide bedroom sizes, which accounted for the 433 units listed as “Don’t Know”. Additional

details for additional unit types are reported.

Table I.28.59 Rental Units by Bedroom Size

East Central Intergovernmental Association 2020 Survey of Rental Properties

Number of Bedrooms

Single-Family Units

Apartment Units

Mobile Homes

“Other” Units

Don’t Know

Total

Efficiency 0 138 0 0 . 138

One 6 566 0 0 . 572

Two 44 649 0 0 . 693

Three 52 81 0 1 . 134

Four 16 4 0 0 . 20

Don’t Know 44 374 0 13 2 433

Total 162 1,812 0 14 2 1,990

Table I.28.57 Survey of Rental Properties


Year Completed

Surveys Total Units

Vacancy Rate

Absorption Rate

2017 207 11,923 3.4 36

2019 214 12,557 3.7 28.3

2020 67 1,990 4.1 29.3



Table I.28.60, at right, displays the vacancy

rate of single-family units by the number of

bedrooms. Three-bedroom units were the

most common type of reported single-

family unit, which had a vacancy rate of 0

percent.

Table I.28.61 displays the vacancy rate of

apartment units by the number of

bedrooms. The most common apartment

units were Two-bedroom units, which had

a vacancy rate of 2.5 percent.

Table I.28.61 Apartment Units by Bedroom Size East Central Intergovernmental Association

2020 Survey of Rental Properties Number of Bedrooms

Units Available Units Vacancy Rates

Efficiency 138 18 13%

One 566 18 3.2%

Two 649 16 2.5%

Three 81 0 0%

Four 4 0 0%

Don’t know 374 23 6.1%

Total 1,812 75 4.1%

Average market-rate rents by unit type are shown in Table I.28.62. Not all respondents were able to

disclose the rental amounts for their units, so there may be some statistical aberrations in the

computed rental rates, but generally those units with more bedrooms had higher rents.

Table I.28.62 Average Market Rate Rents by Bedroom Size


Number of Bedrooms

Single-Family Units

Apartment Units

Mobile Homes

“Other” Units

Total

Efficiency $0 $405.2 $0 $0 $405.2

One $553.3 $572.2 $0 $0 $571.7

Two $685.2 $713.4 $0 $0 $717.3

Three $811.5 $856.2 $0 $800 $848

Four $1043.8 $1133.3 $0 $0 $1068.2

Total $879.8 $697.1 $0 $800 $758.7

Table I.28.60 Single-Family Units by Bedroom Size


Number of Bedrooms

Units Available Units Vacancy Rates

Studio 0 0 0%

One 6 0 0%

Two 44 2 4.5%

Three 52 0 0%

Four 16 2 12.5%

Don’t know 44 1 2.3%

Total 162 5 3.1%



Table I.28.63, shows the average rental rates for assisted units by bedroom size and unit type. Since

assistance is often based on income of the resident or other case by case determinations average

assisted rents can vary across bedroom size.

Table I.28.63 Average Assisted Rate Rents by Bedroom Size


Number of Bedrooms

Single-Family Units

Apartment Units

Mobile Homes

“Other” Units Total

Efficiency $0 $425 $0 $0 $425

One $550 $550.8 $0 $0 $550.7

Two $650 $713.2 $0 $0 $711.1

Three $775 $0 $0 $0 $775

Four $1200 $0 $0 $0 $1200

Total $793.8 $603.7 $0 $0 $664.7

Table I.28.64, shows vacancy rates for single-family units by average rental rates for East Central

Intergovernmental Association. The most common rent for single-family units was between 750 and

1,000 dollars and the units in this price range had a vacancy rate of 1.4 percent.

Table I.28.64 Single-Family Market Rate Rents by Vacancy Status


Average Rents Single-Family

Units

Available Single-Family

Units Vacancy Rate

Less Than $500 0 0 0%

$500 to $749 55 2 3.6%

$750 to $999 73 1 1.4%

$1,000 to $1,249 18 2 11.1%

$1,250 to $1,499 0 0 0%

Above $1,500 10 0 0%

Missing 6 0 0%

Total 162 5 3.1%



The average rent and availability of apartment units is displayed in Table I.28.65. The most common

rent for apartments was between 500 and 750 dollars and the units in this price range had a vacancy

rate of 4.8 percent.

Table I.28.65 Apartment Market Rate Rents by Vacancy Status


Average Rents Apartment

Units Available

Apartment Units Vacancy Rate

Less Than $500 259 26 10%

$500 to $749 726 35 4.8%

$750 to $999 465 4 0.9%

$1,000 to $1,249 98 6 6.1%

$1,250 to $1,499 0 0 0%

Above $1,500 34 0 0%

Missing 230 4 1.7%

Total 1,812 75 4.1%

Respondents were asked if utilities are included in the rent and as shown in Table I.28.66, 28

respondents, or 46.7 percent, included some sort of utility in the rent.

Table I.28.66 Are there any utilities included with

the rent? East Central Intergovernmental Association

2020 Survey of Rental Properties

Period Respondent

Yes 28

No 32

% Offering Utilities 46.7%

The type of utility included in the rent is shown in Table I.28.67. There were 5 respondents who

included electricity, 12 respondents who included natural gas, 27 respondents who included water

and sewer and 20 respondents included trash collection in the rent.

Table I.28.67 Which utilities are included with the rent?


Type of Utility Provided Respondent

Electricity 5

Natural Gas 12

Water/Sewer 27

Trash Collection 20



Perceived Need for Rental Units

Table I.28.68, at right, shows the number of survey

respondents who keep a waiting list. As can be seen 15

respondents said they keep a waitlist, with an estimated 87

persons on the wait list.

Respondents were also asked how they would rate the need

for renovating existing units. As shown in Table I.28.69, 6

respondents said there was no need for renovating single-

family units, with 6 respondents saying there was extreme

need for renovating single-family units. Likewise, 6

respondents indicated no need for renovating existing apartment units, with 6 respondents saying

there was extreme need for renovating existing apartment units.

Table I.28.69 How would you rate the need for renovation of existing units in the city?


Need Single-Family Apartments Mobile Homes Other Units

No Need 6 6 6 3

Low Need 10 10 9 7

Moderate Need 20 20 20 11

High Need 6 6 6 1

Extreme Need 6 6 6 4

Average Need 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8

Respondents were also asked how they would rate the need for the constructing new units. As shown

in Table I.28.70, 25 respondents said there was no need for new single-family units, with 5

respondents saying there was extreme need for constructing new single-family units. Likewise, 24

respondents indicated no need for new apartment units, with 6 respondents saying there was extreme

need for constructing new apartment units.

Table I.28.70 How would you rate the need for construction of new units in the city?


Need Single-Family Apartments Mobile Homes Other Units

No Need 25 24 25 14

Low Need 8 8 8 4

Moderate Need 6 6 5 2

High Need 3 3 3 1

Extreme Need 5 6 5 3

Average Need 2 2.1 2 2

Table I.28.68 Do you keep a waiting list?


Period Respondent

Yes 15

No 45

Waitlist Size 87



2020 Housing Needs Forecast

The 2020 Housing Needs Forecast reports housing demand projections from 2020 to 2050, with a

base year of 2020.

This forecast spans the period of 2020 through 2050 and offer predictions of the demand for housing.

This report uses the modified population projections based on projections released from Woods &

Poole Economic, Inc (W&P).

Income categories were calculated using the Housing and Urban Development CHAS

(Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy) data and are expressed as a percentage of area

Median Family Income (MFI). This distribution is assumed to remain constant over the forecast

horizon. Homeownership rates were forecasted based on historical trends.

Table I.28.71 shows household forecasts by tenure and income, from the Strong growth model. In

the Strong growth scenario, by 2050, East Central Intergovernmental Association will have 9,528

households making between 30.1 and 50 percent MFI, 7,124 households making between 80.1 and

95 percent MFI, and 33,627 households making above 115 percent MFI.

In 2020, there were 80,899 total households in East Central Intergovernmental Association, made up

of 20,077 renter households and 60,821 homeowner households. By 2030, the number of

households is forecasted to have grown to 81,691 total households, made up of 20,138 renter

households and 61,553 homeowner households. At the end of the forecast period, 2050, East Central

Intergovernmental Association is forecasted to have 63,016 homeowner households, and 20,260

renter households, for a total of 83,277 households. By 2050, the number of renter households is

forecasted to have increased by 195 households, while the number of homeowner households

increased by 2,341 households.



Table I.28.71 Housing Demand Forecast

East Central Intergovernmental Association Strong Growth Scenario

Income (% of MFI)

2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Owner

0-30% 3,607 3,628 3,650 3,672 3,693 3,715 3,736

30.1-50% 5,264 5,295 5,327 5,358 5,390 5,421 5,453

50.1-80% 10,067 10,127 10,186 10,246 10,306 10,366 10,426

80.1-95% 5,390 5,424 5,458 5,492 5,525 5,559 5,593

95.1-115% 7,189 7,233 7,278 7,323 7,367 7,412 7,457

115+% 29,305 29,479 29,654 29,828 30,003 30,177 30,352

Total 60,821 61,187 61,553 61,919 62,285 62,651 63,016

Renter

0-30% 5,425 5,434 5,442 5,451 5,460 5,468 5,477

30.1-50% 4,043 4,049 4,054 4,059 4,065 4,070 4,076

50.1-80% 4,247 4,259 4,270 4,282 4,293 4,305 4,316

80.1-95% 1,497 1,503 1,508 1,514 1,519 1,525 1,530

95.1-115% 1,592 1,591 1,590 1,589 1,588 1,587 1,586

115+% 3,273 3,273 3,274 3,274 3,275 3,275 3,275

Total 20,077 20,108 20,138 20,169 20,199 20,230 20,260

Total

0-30% 9,032 9,062 9,092 9,123 9,153 9,183 9,213

30.1-50% 9,307 9,344 9,381 9,418 9,455 9,491 9,528

50.1-80% 14,314 14,385 14,457 14,528 14,599 14,671 14,742

80.1-95% 6,888 6,927 6,966 7,006 7,045 7,084 7,124

95.1-115% 8,780 8,824 8,868 8,911 8,955 8,999 9,042

115+% 32,578 32,753 32,928 33,103 33,278 33,452 33,627

Total 80,899 81,295 81,691 82,088 82,484 82,880 83,277



Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS)

The following table set shows Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data.

Each year, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) receives custom

tabulations of American Community Survey (ACS) data from the U.S. Census Bureau. These data,

known as the "CHAS" data (Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy), demonstrate the extent

of housing problems and housing needs, particularly for low income households. The CHAS data are

used by local governments to plan how to spend HUD funds, and may also be used by HUD to

distribute grant funds.

To make this dataset more accessible to the average user the income brackets were replaced with

actual Median Family Income (MFI) from State of Iowa. Below is a table showing the MFI breakdown:

State of Iowa

Income Brackets Actual Income

0 - 30% MFI $0 to $23,070

30.1% - 50% MFI $23,071 to $38,450

50.1% - 80% MFI $38,451 to $61,520

80.1% - 100% MFI $61,521 to $76,900

100% + MFI Above $76,900

Housing Problems by Income, Race, and Tenure

Table I.28.72 through Table I.28.77 show households with housing problems by race/ethnicity.

These tables can be used to determine if there is a disproportionate housing need for any racial or

ethnic groups. If any racial/ethnic group faces housing problems at a rate of ten percentage points or

high than the jurisdiction average, then they have a disproportionate share of housing problems.

Housing problems are defined as any household that has overcrowding, inadequate kitchen or

plumbing facilities, or are cost burdened (pay more than 30 percent of their income on housing). In

East Central Intergovernmental Association, housing problems are faced by 9,650 white homeowner

households, 69 black homeowner households, 93 Asian homeowner households, and 104 Hispanic

homeowner households.



Table I.28.72 Percent of Homeowner Households with Housing Problems by Income and Race

East Central Intergovernmental Association 2012–2016 HUD CHAS Data

Income

Non-Hispanic by Race Hispanic (Any

Race) Total

White Black Asian American

Indian

Pacific

Islander

Other

Race

With Housing Problems

$0 to $23,070 77.2% 100% 65.5% 50% 0% 100% 0% 76.9%

$23,071 to $38,450 46.7% 58.3% 100% 0% 0% 100% 100% 47.9%

$38,451 to $61,520 26.7% 50% 71.4% 58.8% 0% 32.6% 42.2% 27.4%

$61,521 to $76,900 12.4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 20% 0% 12.4%

Above $76,900 3.5% 4.5% 13% 17.4% 0% 14.4% 1.4% 3.6%

Total 16.4% 34.8% 42.9% 43.1% 0% 32.9% 22.2% 16.7%

Without Housing Problems

$0 to $23,070 12.5% 0% 34.5% 50% 0% 0% 100% 12.9%

$23,071 to $38,450 53.3% 41.7% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 52.1%

$38,451 to $61,520 73.3% 50% 28.6% 41.2% 0% 67.4% 57.8% 72.6%

$61,521 to $76,900 87.6% 0% 0% 0% 0% 80% 100% 87.6%

Above $76,900 96.5% 95.5% 87% 82.6% 100% 85.6% 98.6% 96.4%

Total 83% 65.2% 57.1% 56.9% 100% 67.1% 77.8% 82.7%



Table I.28.73 Homeowner Households with Housing Problems by Income and Race


Income

Non-Hispanic by Race Hispanic (Any Race)

Total White Black Asian

American Indian

Pacific Islander

Other Race


$0 to $23,070 2,690 10 19 4 0 4 0 2,727

$23,071 to $38,450 2,355 35 10 0 0 29 65 2,494

$38,451 to $61,520 2,555 20 50 20 0 43 35 2,723

$61,521 to $76,900 860 0 0 0 0 4 0 864

Above $76,900 1,190 4 14 4 0 15 4 1,231

Total 9,650 69 93 28 0 95 104 10,039


$0 to $23,070 435 0 10 4 0 0 10 459

$23,071 to $38,450 2,685 25 0 0 0 0 0 2,710

$38,451 to $61,520 7,025 20 20 14 0 89 48 7,216

$61,521 to $76,900 6,065 0 0 0 0 16 33 6,114

Above $76,900 32,555 84 94 19 15 89 274 33,130

Total 48,765 129 124 37 15 194 365 49,629

Not Computed

$0 to $23,070 360 0 0 0 0 0 0 360

$23,071 to $38,450 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

$38,451 to $61,520 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

$61,521 to $76,900 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Above $76,900 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 360 0 0 0 0 0 0 360

Total

$0 to $23,070 3,485 10 29 8 0 4 10 3,546

$23,071 to $38,450 5,040 60 10 0 0 29 65 5,204

$38,451 to $61,520 9,580 40 70 34 0 132 83 9,939

$61,521 to $76,900 6,925 0 0 0 0 20 33 6,978

Above $76,900 33,745 88 108 23 15 104 278 34,361

Total 58,775 198 217 65 15 289 469 60,028



In total, some 8,812 renter households face housing problems in East Central Intergovernmental

Association. Of these, some 7,303 white renter households, 722 black renter households, 118 Asian

renter households, and 364 Hispanic renter households face housing problems.

Table I.28.74 Renter Households with Housing Problems by Income and Race


Income

Non-Hispanic by Race Hispanic

(Any Race) Total


Indian Pacific

Islander Other Race


$0 to $23,070 3,600 499 35 14 0 140 185 4,473

$23,071 to $38,450 2,325 160 44 4 0 34 104 2,671

$38,451 to $61,520 1,145 59 29 0 55 14 75 1,377

$61,521 to $76,900 93 4 0 0 40 4 0 141

Above $76,900 140 0 10 0 0 0 0 150

Total 7,303 722 118 18 95 192 364 8,812


$0 to $23,070 735 35 10 0 4 0 8 792

$23,071 to $38,450 1,320 75 25 0 0 50 39 1,509

$38,451 to $61,520 2,745 45 70 4 0 70 60 2,994

$61,521 to $76,900 1,720 40 15 0 10 110 30 1,925

Above $76,900 4,205 65 84 4 0 4 49 4,411

Total 10,725 260 204 8 14 234 186 11,631

Not Computed

$0 to $23,070 250 70 0 0 10 0 24 354

$23,071 to $38,450 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

$38,451 to $61,520 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

$61,521 to $76,900 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Above $76,900 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 250 70 0 0 10 0 24 354

Total

$0 to $23,070 4,585 604 45 14 14 140 217 5,619

$23,071 to $38,450 3,645 235 69 4 0 84 143 4,180

$38,451 to $61,520 3,890 104 99 4 55 84 135 4,371

$61,521 to $76,900 1,813 44 15 0 50 114 30 2,066

Above $76,900 4,345 65 94 4 0 4 49 4,561

Total 18,278 1,052 322 26 119 426 574 20,797



Table I.28.75 Percent of Renter Households with Housing Problems by Income and Race


Income Non-Hispanic by Race

Hispanic (Any Race)


American Indian

Pacific Islander

Other Race


$0 to $23,070 78.5% 82.6% 77.8% 100% 0% 100% 85.3% 79.6%

$23,071 to $38,450 63.8% 68.1% 63.8% 100% 0% 40.5% 72.7% 63.9%

$38,451 to $61,520 29.4% 56.7% 29.3% 0% 100% 16.7% 55.6% 31.5%

$61,521 to $76,900 5.1% 9.1% 0% 0% 80% 3.5% 0% 6.8%

Above $76,900 3.2% 0% 10.6% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3.3%

Total 40% 68.6% 36.6% 69.2% 79.8% 45.1% 63.4% 42.4%


$0 to $23,070 16% 5.8% 22.2% 0% 28.6% 0% 3.7% 14.1%

$23,071 to $38,450 36.2% 31.9% 36.2% 0% 0% 59.5% 27.3% 36.1%

$38,451 to $61,520 70.6% 43.3% 70.7% 100% 0% 83.3% 44.4% 68.5%

$61,521 to $76,900 94.9% 90.9% 100% 0% 20% 96.5% 100% 93.2%

Above $76,900 96.8% 100% 89.4% 100% 0% 100% 100% 96.7%

Total 58.7% 24.7% 63.4% 30.8% 11.8% 54.9% 32.4% 55.9%

Overall, there are 18,851 households, or 23.3 percent of households with housing problems in East

Central Intergovernmental Association. This includes 16,953 white households, 791 black

households, 211 Asian households, 46 American Indian, 95 Pacific Islander, and 287 “other” race

households with housing problems. In addition, there are 468 Hispanic households with housing

problems. This is shown in Table I.28.77.



Table I.28.76 Percent of Total Households with Housing Problems by Income and Race



Hispanic (Any Race)


American Indian

Pacific Islander

Other Race


$0 to $23,070 77.9% 82.9% 73% 81.8% 0% 100% 81.5% 78.6% $23,071 to $38,450 53.9% 66.1% 68.4% 100% 0% 55.8% 81.2% 55% $38,451 to $61,520 27.5% 54.9% 46.7% 52.6% 100% 26.4% 50.5% 28.7% $61,521 to $76,900 10.9% 9.1% 0% 0% 80% 6% 0% 11.1% Above $76,900 3.5% 2.6% 11.9% 14.8% 0% 13.9% 1.2% 3.5%

Total 22% 63.3% 39.1% 50.5% 70.9% 40.1% 44.9% 23.3%


$0 to $23,070 14.5% 5.7% 27% 18.2% 28.6% 0% 7.9% 13.6% $23,071 to $38,450 46.1% 33.9% 31.6% 0% 0% 44.2% 18.8% 45% $38,451 to $61,520 72.5% 45.1% 53.3% 47.4% 0% 73.6% 49.5% 71.3% $61,521 to $76,900 89.1% 90.9% 100% 0% 20% 94% 100% 88.9% Above $76,900 96.5% 97.4% 88.1% 85.2% 100% 86.1% 98.8% 96.5%

Total 77.2% 31.1% 60.9% 49.5% 21.6% 59.9% 52.8% 75.8%



Table I.28.77 Total Households with Housing Problems by Income and Race


Income


(Any Race) Total


Indian Pacific

Islander Other Race


$0 to $23,070 6,290 509 54 18 0 144 185 7,200

$23,071 to $38,450 4,680 195 54 4 0 63 169 5,165

$38,451 to $61,520 3,700 79 79 20 55 57 110 4,100

$61,521 to $76,900 953 4 0 0 40 8 0 1,005

Above $76,900 1,330 4 24 4 0 15 4 1,381

Total 16,953 791 211 46 95 287 468 18,851


$0 to $23,070 1,170 35 20 4 4 0 18 1,251

$23,071 to $38,450 4,005 100 25 0 0 50 39 4,219

$38,451 to $61,520 9,770 65 90 18 0 159 108 10,210

$61,521 to $76,900 7,785 40 15 0 10 126 63 8,039

Above $76,900 36,760 149 178 23 15 93 323 37,541

Total 59,490 389 328 45 29 428 551 61,260

Not Computed

$0 to $23,070 610 70 0 0 10 0 24 714

$23,071 to $38,450 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

$38,451 to $61,520 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

$61,521 to $76,900 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Above $76,900 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 610 70 0 0 10 0 24 714

Total

$0 to $23,070 8,070 614 74 22 14 144 227 9,165

$23,071 to $38,450 8,685 295 79 4 0 113 208 9,384

$38,451 to $61,520 13,470 144 169 38 55 216 218 14,310

$61,521 to $76,900 8,738 44 15 0 50 134 63 9,044

Above $76,900 38,090 153 202 27 15 108 327 38,922

Total 77,053 1,250 539 91 134 715 1,043 80,825



Table I.28.78 through Table I.28.81 present the number and percent of households experiencing a

severe housing problem, by race and ethnicity. Severe housing problems include overcrowding at a

rate of more than 1.5 persons per room and housing costs exceeding 50 percent of the household

income. Severe housing problems are experienced by some 8,015 white households, 534 black

households, 118 Asian households, as well as 297 Hispanic homeowner households.

Table I.28.78 Percent of Homeowner Households with Severe Housing Problems by Income and Race



Hispanic (Any Race)


American Indian

Pacific Islander

Other Race

With A Severe Housing Problem

$0 to $23,070 56.8% 100% 57.6% 50% 0% 100% 0% 56.8%

$23,071 to $38,450 18.8% 0% 100% 0% 0% 25% 50% 19.2%

$38,451 to $61,520 6% 0% 53.8% 0% 0% 0% 0% 6.1%

$61,521 to $76,900 2.5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2.4%

Above $76,900 0.6% 0% 0% 17.4% 0% 0% 1.4% 0.6%

Total 6.6% 5.2 29.6% 12.3% 0% 4.3% 7.4% 6.7%

Without A Severe Housing Problems

$0 to $23,070 32.9% 0% 42.4% 50% 0% 0% 100% 33.1%

$23,071 to $38,450 81.2% 100% 0% 0% 0% 75% 50% 80.8%

$38,451 to $61,520 94% 100% 46.2% 100% 0% 100% 100% 93.9%

$61,521 to $76,900 97.5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 100% 97.6%

Above $76,900 99.4% 100% 100% 82.6% 100% 100% 98.6% 99.4%

Total 92.8% 94.8% 70.4% 87.7% 100% 95.7% 92.6% 92.7%

Table I.28.79

Percent of Renter Households with Severe Housing Problems by Income and Race East Central Intergovernmental Association

2012–2016 HUD CHAS Data

Income


(Any Race) Total


Indian Pacific

Islander Other Race


$0 to $23,070 64.1% 68% 77.8% 100% 0% 60.7% 68.8% 64.6%

$23,071 to $38,450 19.6% 46.8% 21.7% 0% 0% 0% 50% 21.9%

$38,451 to $61,520 8.1% 0% 3.8% 0% 100% 0% 29.1% 9.4%

$61,521 to $76,900 2.6% 0% 0% 0% 80% 0% 0% 4.2%

Above $76,900 2.8% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2.6%

Total 22.6% 49.7% 16.5% 53.8% 79.8% 19.9% 45.4% 24.8%


$0 to $23,070 30.5% 20.5% 22.2% 0% 28.6% 39.3% 20.2% 29.1%

$23,071 to $38,450 80.4% 53.2% 78.3% 100% 0% 100% 50% 78.1%

$38,451 to $61,520 91.9% 100% 96.2% 100% 0% 100% 70.9% 90.6%

$61,521 to $76,900 97.4% 100% 100% 0% 20% 100% 100% 95.8%

Above $76,900 97.2% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 97.4%

Total 76% 43.6% 83.5% 46.2% 79.8% 80.1% 50.4% 73.4%



Table I.28.80 Percent of Total Households with Severe Housing Problems by Income and Race



Hispanic (Any Race)


American Indian

Pacific Islander

Other Race


$0 to $23,070 60.9% 68.5% 69.2% 81.8% 0% 61.8% 65.8% 61.6%

$23,071 to $38,450 19.2% 37.9% 31.6% 0% 0% 6.9% 50% 20.4%

$38,451 to $61,520 6.6% 0% 23.1% 0% 100% 0% 18.3% 7.1%

$61,521 to $76,900 2.5% 0% 0% 0% 80% 0% 0% 2.8%

Above $76,900 0.9% 0% 0% 14.8% 0% 0% 1.2% 0.9%

Total 10.4% 42.8% 21.7% 24.2% 70.9% 13.7% 28.6% 11.4%


$0 to $23,070 31.5% 20.2% 30.8% 18.2% 28.6% 38.2% 23.7% 30.6%

$23,071 to $38,450 80.8% 62.1% 68.4% 100% 0% 93.1% 50% 79.6%

$38,451 to $61,520 93.4% 100% 76.9% 100% 0% 100% 81.7% 92.9%

$61,521 to $76,900 97.5% 100% 100% 0% 20% 100% 100% 97.2%

Above $76,900 99.1% 100% 100% 85.2% 100% 100% 98.8% 99.1%

Total 88.8% 51.6% 78.3% 75.8% 21.6% 86.3% 69.1% 87.8%



Table I.28.81 Total Households with Severe Housing Problems by Income and Race


Income


(Any Race) Total


Indian Pacific

Islander Other Race


$0 to $23,070 4,920 424 54 18 0 89 150 5,655

$23,071 to $38,450 1,665 110 25 0 0 8 104 1,912

$38,451 to $61,520 889 0 39 0 55 0 39 1,022

$61,521 to $76,900 217 0 0 0 40 0 0 257

Above $76,900 324 0 0 4 0 0 4 332

Total 8,015 534 118 22 95 97 297 9,178


$0 to $23,070 2,545 125 24 4 4 55 54 2,811

$23,071 to $38,450 7,020 180 54 4 0 108 104 7,470

$38,451 to $61,520 12,580 140 130 38 0 214 174 13,276

$61,521 to $76,900 8,505 45 15 0 10 131 63 8,769

Above $76,900 37,755 154 202 23 15 103 323 38,575

Total 68,405 644 425 69 29 611 718 70,901

Not Computed

$0 to $23,070 610 70 0 0 10 0 24 714

$23,071 to $38,450 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

$38,451 to $61,520 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

$61,521 to $76,900 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Above $76,900 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 610 70 0 0 10 0 24 714

Total

$0 to $23,070 8,075 619 78 22 14 144 228 9,180

$23,071 to $38,450 8,685 290 79 4 0 116 208 9,382

$38,451 to $61,520 13,469 140 169 38 55 214 213 14,298

$61,521 to $76,900 8,722 45 15 0 50 131 63 9,026

Above $76,900 38,079 154 202 27 15 103 327 38,907

Total 77,030 1,248 543 91 134 708 1,039 80,793



Housing problems are explored by type and income in Table I.28.82 and Table I.28.83. More than

9,670 households have a cost burden and 7,642 have a severe cost burden. Some 3,650 renter

households are impacted by cost burdens, and 4,118 are impacted by severe cost burdens. On the

other hand, some 6,020 owner-occupied households have cost burdens, and 3,524 have severe cost

burdens. Overall, there are 61,225 households without a housing problem.

Table I.28.82 Percent of Housing Problems by Income and Tenure


Housing Problem $0 to

$23,070 $23,071 to

$38,450 $38,451 to

$61,520 $61,521 to

$76,900 Above $76,900

Total

Owner-Occupied

Lacking complete plumbing or kitchen facilities

24.4% 17.5% 11.5% 14.3% 48.2% 22.2%

Severely Overcrowded with > 1.51 people per room (and complete kitchen and plumbing)

9.3% 0% 66.7% 37.2% 100% 32.6%

Overcrowded - With 1.01-1.5 people per room (and none of the above problems)

42% 28.9% 58.2% 87.5% 76% 55.1%

Housing cost burden greater that 50% of income (and none of the above problems)

36.3% 61.2% 82.2% 92.3% 74.7% 46.1%

Housing cost burden greater than 30% of income (and none of the above problems)

46.2% 45.8% 68.6% 92.6% 97.1% 62.3%

Zero/negative income (and none of the above problems)

50.7% 0% 0% 0% 0% 50.7%

has none of the 4 housing problems

36.3% 64.3% 70.7% 76.1% 88.2% 81%

Total 38.7% 55.4% 69.4% 77.2% 88.3% 74.2%

Renter-Occupied

Lacking complete plumbing or kitchen facilities

75.6% 82.5% 88.5% 85.7% 51.8% 77.8%


90.7% 100% 33.3% 62.8% 0% 67.4%


58% 71.1% 41.8% 12.5% 24% 44.9%


63.7% 38.8% 17.8% 7.7% 25.3% 53.9%


53.8% 54.2% 31.4% 7.4% 2.9% 37.7%


49.3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 49.3%

has none of the 4 housing problems

63.7% 35.7% 29.3% 23.9% 11.8% 19%

Total 61.3% 44.6% 30.6% 22.8% 11.7% 25.8%



Table I.28.83 Housing Problems by Income and Tenure


Housing Problem $0 to

$23,070 $23,071 to

$38,450 $38,451 to

$61,520 $61,521 to

$76,900 Above

$76,900 Total

Owner-Occupied

Lacking complete plumbing or kitchen facilities 53 53 33 4 79 222


4 0 8 29 18 59


29 24 89 28 57 227


1,935 930 480 120 59 3,524


720 1,490 2,110 685 1,015 6,020


360 0 0 0 0 360

has none of the 4 housing problems 455 2,705 7,210 6,115 33,115 49,600

Total 3,556 5,202 9,930 6,981 34,343 60,012

Renter-Occupied



39 30 4 49 0 122


40 59 64 4 18 185


3,395 589 104 10 20 4,118


840 1,760 965 55 30 3,650


350 0 0 0 0 350

has none of the 4 housing problems 800 1,500 2,990 1,925 4,410 11,625

Total 5,628 4,188 4,380 2,067 4,563 20,826

Total



43 30 12 78 18 181


69 83 153 32 75 412


5,330 1,519 584 130 79 7,642


1,560 3,250 3,075 740 1,045 9,670


710 0 0 0 0 710

has none of the 4 housing problems 1,255 4,205 10,200 8,040 37,525 61,225

Total 9,184 9,390 14,310 9,048 38,906 80,838



Cost Burdens

For owner occupied housing, elderly non-family households are more likely to be impacted by

housing cost burdens, with 27.2 percent of these households having a cost burden or severe cost

burden. For lower income owner households, elderly non-family households and large families are

most likely to experience cost burdens. Some 73.2 percent of elderly non-family and 91.9 percent of

large family households below 30 percent HAMFI face cost burdens or severe cost burdens. These

data are shown in Table I.28.84.

Table I.28.85 displays cost burden in renter-occupied households by family status and income. Renter

households tend to be impacted at a higher rate by cost burdens than owner households. Some 3,811

renter occupied households faced cost burdens, compared to 6,071 owner occupied households. Of

these, there are 897 renter households with incomes less than 30 percent HAMFI facing housing

problems.



Table I.28.84 Owner-Occupied Households by Income and Family Status and Cost Burden


Income Elderly Family

Small Family

Large Family

Elderly Non-Family

Other Household

Total

No Cost Burden

$0 to $23,070 58 69 4 270 68 469

$23,071 to $38,450 755 250 87 1,250 425 2,767

$38,451 to $61,520 2,235 1,805 415 1,780 1,090 7,325

$61,521 to $76,900 1,585 2,490 490 735 880 6,180

Above $76,900 6,965 18,550 3,060 1,465 3,235 33,275

Total 11,598 23,164 4,056 5,500 5,698 50,016

Cost Burden

$0 to $23,070 205 89 23 355 84 756

$23,071 to $38,450 265 450 135 475 185 1,510

$38,451 to $61,520 279 850 210 194 590 2,123

$61,521 to $76,900 134 325 53 70 104 686

Above $76,900 205 525 49 23 194 996

Total 1,088 2,239 470 1,117 1,157 6,071

Severe Cost Burden

$0 to $23,070 310 490 68 710 385 1,963

$23,071 to $38,450 150 285 149 190 169 943

$38,451 to $61,520 103 195 40 64 89 491

$61,521 to $76,900 50 58 0 10 4 122

Above $76,900 0 49 0 4 4 57

Total 613 1,077 257 978 651 3,576

Cost Burden Not Computed

$0 to $23,070 63 49 4 120 139 375

$23,071 to $38,450 0 0 0 0 0 0

$38,451 to $61,520 0 0 0 0 0 0

$61,521 to $76,900 0 0 0 0 0 0

Above $76,900 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 63 49 4 120 139 375

Total

$0 to $23,070 636 697 99 1,455 676 3,563

$23,071 to $38,450 1,170 985 371 1,915 779 5,220

$38,451 to $61,520 2,617 2,850 665 2,038 1,769 9,939

$61,521 to $76,900 1,769 2,873 543 815 988 6,988

Above $76,900 7,170 19,124 3,109 1,492 3,433 34,328

Total 13,362 26,529 4,787 7,715 7,645 60,038



Table I.28.85 Renter-Occupied Households by Income and Family Status and Cost Burden


Income Elderly Family

Small Family

Large Family

Elderly Non-Family

Other Household

Total

No Cost Burden

$0 to $23,070 14 162 25 460 174 835

$23,071 to $38,450 56 435 54 390 715 1,650

$38,451 to $61,520 184 1,235 144 395 1,205 3,163

$61,521 to $76,900 133 895 89 157 725 1,999

Above $76,900 280 1,680 230 354 1,955 4,499

Total 667 4,407 542 1,756 4,774 12,146

Cost Burden

$0 to $23,070 4 229 35 250 379 897

$23,071 to $38,450 69 589 128 495 575 1,856

$38,451 to $61,520 44 329 80 195 325 973

$61,521 to $76,900 20 15 0 10 10 55

Above $76,900 10 10 10 0 0 30

Total 147 1,172 253 950 1,289 3,811

Severe Cost Burden

$0 to $23,070 78 1,260 210 435 1,545 3,528

$23,071 to $38,450 14 199 4 233 229 679

$38,451 to $61,520 10 40 0 163 18 231

$61,521 to $76,900 10 0 0 0 0 10

Above $76,900 10 0 0 29 0 39

Total 122 1,499 214 860 1,792 4,487

Cost Burden Not Computed

$0 to $23,070 0 74 8 69 214 365

$23,071 to $38,450 0 0 0 0 0 0

$38,451 to $61,520 0 0 0 0 0 0

$61,521 to $76,900 0 0 0 0 0 0

Above $76,900 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 0 74 8 69 214 365

Total

$0 to $23,070 96 1,725 278 1,214 2,312 5,625

$23,071 to $38,450 139 1,223 186 1,118 1,519 4,185

$38,451 to $61,520 238 1,604 224 753 1,548 4,367

$61,521 to $76,900 163 910 89 167 735 2,064

Above $76,900 300 1,690 240 383 1,955 4,568

Total 936 7,152 1,017 3,635 8,069 20,809



In total, some 9,884 households face cost burdens, and 8,017 face severe cost burdens. This includes

6,081 owner households and 3,803 renter households with a cost burden, as seen in Table I.28.86.

Table I.28.86 Households with Cost Burden by Tenure and Race


Race No Cost Burden

Cost Burden Severe Cost

Burden Not

Computed Total

Owner-Occupied

White 49,100 5,830 3,460 380 58,770

Black 129 60 10 0 199

Asian 158 33 24 0 215

American Indian 33 20 4 0 57

Pacific Islander 15 0 0 0 15

Other Race 190 73 12 0 275

Hispanic 359 65 30 0 454

Total 49,984 6,081 3,540 380 59,985

Renter-Occupied

White 11,075 3,270 3,670 254 18,269

Black 255 200 524 70 1,049

Asian 218 74 30 4 326



Other Race 235 110 85 0 430

Hispanic 254 145 154 24 577

Total 12,155 3,803 4,477 362 20,797

Total

White 60,175 9,100 7,130 634 77,039

Black 384 260 534 70 1,248

Asian 376 107 54 4 541



Other Race 425 183 97 0 705

Hispanic 613 210 184 24 1,031

Total 62,139 9,884 8,017 742 80,782



Lead-Based Paint Risks

Table I.28.87 shows the risk of lead-based paint for households with young children present. As seen

therein, there are an estimated 4,222 households built between 1940 and 1979 with young children

present, and 3,334 built prior to 1939.

Table I.28.87 Vintage of Households by Income and Presence of Young

Children East Central Intergovernmental Association

2012–2016 HUD CHAS Data

Income One or more

children age 6 or younger

No children age 6 or younger

Total

Built 1939 or Earlier

$0 to $23,070 498 2,500 2,998

$23,071 to $38,450 413 2,350 2,763

$38,451 to $61,520 650 3,925 4,575

$61,521 to $76,900 570 2,334 2,904

Above $76,900 1,203 8,675 9,878

Total 3,334 19,784 23,118

Built 1940 to 1979

$0 to $23,070 518 3,165 3,683

$23,071 to $38,450 560 3,665 4,225

$38,451 to $61,520 645 5,850 6,495

$61,521 to $76,900 529 3,750 4,279

Above $76,900 1,970 13,305 15,275

Total 4,222 29,735 33,957

Built 1980 or Later

$0 to $23,070 318 2,160 2,478

$23,071 to $38,450 299 2,080 2,379

$38,451 to $61,520 399 2,830 3,229

$61,521 to $76,900 242 1,614 1,856

Above $76,900 2,195 11,570 13,765

Total 3,453 20,254 23,707

Total

$0 to $23,070 1,334 7,825 9,159

$23,071 to $38,450 1,272 8,095 9,367

$38,451 to $61,520 1,694 12,605 14,299

$61,521 to $76,900 1,341 7,698 9,039

Above $76,900 5,368 33,550 38,918

Total 11,009 69,773 80,782



Elderly Housing Needs

Table I.28.88 shows the rate of housing problems for elderly households. Some 3,508 elderly and

2,972 extra-elderly households have housing problems. Of these, some 1,219 elderly households

with housing problems have incomes less than 30 percent HAMFI, and 1,235 extra-elderly

households have incomes below 30 percent HAMFI.

Table I.28.88 Households with Housing Problems by Income and Elderly Status


Income Elderly Extra-Elderly Non-Elderly Total


$0 to $23,070 1,219 1,235 4,755 7,209

$23,071 to $38,450 1,045 985 3,130 5,160

$38,451 to $61,520 659 558 2,875 4,092

$61,521 to $76,900 275 69 648 992

Above $76,900 310 125 944 1,379

Total 3,508 2,972 12,352 18,832


$0 to $23,070 277 485 488 1,250

$23,071 to $38,450 995 1,400 1,825 4,220

$38,451 to $61,520 2,670 2,108 5,425 10,203

$61,521 to $76,900 1,925 959 5,160 8,044

Above $76,900 7,610 2,794 27,135 37,539

Total 13,477 7,746 40,033 61,256

Not Computed

$0 to $23,070 102 168 443 713

$23,071 to $38,450 0 0 0 0

$38,451 to $61,520 0 0 0 0

$61,521 to $76,900 0 0 0 0

Above $76,900 0 0 0 0

Total 102 168 443 713

Total

$0 to $23,070 1,598 1,888 5,686 9,172

$23,071 to $38,450 2,040 2,385 4,955 9,380

$38,451 to $61,520 3,329 2,666 8,300 14,295

$61,521 to $76,900 2,200 1,028 5,808 9,036

Above $76,900 7,920 2,919 28,079 38,918

Total 17,087 10,886 52,828 80,801



East Central Intergovernmental Association Real Estate Transactions

Real estate transactions for East Central Intergovernmental Association as reported by the Iowa

Department of Revenue are presented below. In 2019, single-family units had an average sales price

of 163,860 dollars, while duplex units had an average sales price of 89,286 dollars. In comparison,

in East Central Intergovernmental Association, the average sales price of a Townhouse or Condo was

207,096 dollars in 2019.

Table I.28.89 Average Sales Price by Unit Type

East Central Intergovernmental Association Iowa Real Estate Transactions 2016 - 2019

Unit Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 Average

Single Family $142,212 $148,484 $153,697 $163,860 $151,469

Duplex $97,617 $118,192 $84,706 $89,286 $96,905

Tri/Four Plex $97,993 $88,210 $102,546 $109,035 $98,820

Townhouse/Condo $177,093 $168,214 $171,633 $207,096 $180,923

Multi-Family $161,238 $340,996 $312,106 $239,462 $270,954

Mobile Home $51,548 $58,679 $73,218 $185,761 $87,771

The number of transactions by unit type are presented below for East Central Intergovernmental

Association. In 2019, there were 2,008 single-family home sales and 33 apartment unit sales.

Table I.28.90 Number of Transactions by Unit Type


Unit Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 Total

Single Family 2,401 3,519 3,525 2,008 11,453

Duplex 54 89 116 68 327

Tri/Four Plex 15 21 22 15 73

Townhouse/Condo 61 74 99 80 314

Multi-Family 29 35 43 33 140

Mobile Home 31 28 15 22 96

The average sales price of a single-family home built before 1939 in East Central Intergovernmental

Association was 95,833 dollars in 2019, compared to 304,646 dollars for a single-family home built

after 2010. The average sales price of a single-family home sold in East Central Intergovernmental

Association between 2016 and 2019 is 151,469 dollars.



Table I.28.91 Average Sales Price of Single-Family Transactions by Year

Built East Central Intergovernmental Association

Iowa Real Estate Transactions 2016 - 2019

Year Built 2016 2017 2018 2019 Average

Before 1939 $91,734 $92,062 $92,353 $95,833 $92,734

1940 - 1949 $99,343 $99,801 $110,849 $105,251 $104,177

1950 - 1959 $112,691 $117,401 $118,714 $119,979 $117,153

1960 - 1966 $135,069 $142,594 $147,023 $142,526 $142,354

1970 - 1979 $150,467 $157,456 $163,604 $175,925 $161,607

1980 -1989 $174,120 $181,419 $185,419 $199,187 $184,192

1990 -1999 $211,919 $232,451 $238,125 $243,149 $230,994

2000 -2009 $248,674 $273,776 $272,248 $311,923 $274,760

2010 or Later $269,516 $267,809 $269,295 $304,646 $276,010

Average $142,212 $148,484 $153,697 $163,860 $151,469

The number of single-family homes sold by year built in East Central Intergovernmental Association

is presented below. In 2019 there was a total of 2,008 single-family homes sold, with 266 homes

built between 1970 and 1979, 69 homes built between 1980 and 1989, and 108 homes built

between 1990 and 1999 being sold. In total, there have been 11,453 single-family homes sold in

East Central Intergovernmental Association between 2016 and 2019.

Table I.28.92 Number of Single-Family Transactions by Year Built


Year Built 2016 2017 2018 2019 Total

Before 1939 728 1,131 1,180 626 3,665

1940 - 1949 113 173 176 120 582

1950 - 1959 301 418 397 219 1,335

1960 - 1966 275 389 400 248 1,312

1970 - 1979 266 407 423 266 1,362

1980 -1989 86 120 134 69 409

1990 -1999 166 220 215 108 709

2000 -2009 185 285 290 157 917

2010 or Later 179 282 297 191 949

Total 2,401 3,519 3,525 2,008 11,453

iowa state profile east central intergovernmental …...between 2010 and 2019 the white population...

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