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MITIGATING THE HUMAN-

ELEPHANT CONFLICTProposing a Intrusion Prevention System



AGENDA

What is Human-Elephant Conflict ?

Cause of the Conflict

Statistical Data

Area of StudyTraditional Methods of Mitigating the Conflict

Intrusion Prevention System: Situational

Awareness

Proposed SolutionConcluding Remarks



WHAT IS HUMAN-ELEPHANT

CONFLICT?

Human–elephant conflict is defined by theWorld Wide

Fund for Nature (WWF) as "any interaction between

humans and elephants that results in negative impacts on

human social, economic or cultural life, on the conservation

of elephant population, or on the environment.”



CAUSE OF THE CONFLICT

The enormous increase in human population in

India propelled by agricultural and industrial

growth has led to the conversion of forest lands

into human settlements.

Elephant face acute shortage of resources such as

water and food, forcing them to often move into

human habitats.

The elephants are also subject to attack by

humans resulting in danger to the life of

elephants.



WHY DO ELEPHANTS INTRUDE?

Fences and trenches compromised by people who

need access to forests.

Farm lands may funnel them to unprotected

adjacent villages.

Badly planned barriers that do not take elephant

behavior into consideration.

Denying elephant access to a critical water

source or foraging area.

Human activities create abundant secondary

vegetation that brings elephants closer to human

settlements.



STATISTICAL DATA Every year, almost 300 humans and 40-50 elephants are killed

during crop raiding in India.-WWF

In Assam, more than 1,150 humans and 30 elephants died as a

result o! human-elephant con!lict "et#een 1$%0 and &003. -The

Rhino Foundation For Nature, NE India

Elephants are kno#n to destroy crops #orth up to '()&*3 million

annually- S.S. Bist

Asian elephant populations have declined !rom 100,000 to "et#een

35,000 and 50,000. +a"itat loss and con!lict #ith people are among

the "iggest threats to their continued survival.-WWF



STATISTICAL DATA (CONTINUED)



AREA OF STUDY: BANDIPUR

NATIONAL PARK

Survey was conducted on elephant deaths in the

year 2007- 2012 as a part of study on human

elephant conflict.

Two national highways connecting Mysore - Ooty

and Mysore - Calicut passes through the park.

As a result of conflict between elephant and man,

at an average rate of 6.5 deaths per year, thirty

nine elephant’s deaths have occurred in the park

during 2007-2012.Data on elephant deaths due to conflict related

cases shows more death of females and their age

classes ranged from 2 to 30 years.




NATIONAL PARK (CONTINUED)

Loss of adult and sub-adult females (24) compare

to their counterpart (10) in a park may cause

significant effect on sex ratio.

Increased mortality of elephants especially

females decreases their gene pool.

If it happens even in the future it is very difficult

to maintain healthy sex rate in the park and

female population will be more vulnerable to

death.




NATIONAL PARK (CONTINUED)



Traditional methods devised by local

communities.

Using satellite technology as an early warningsystem -> Radio collars

Electric fences

Thermal detection

CURRENT METHODS OF MITIGATING

THE CONFLICT



INTRUSION PREVENTION SYSTEM

Situational awareness has been

commercialized, and is now

available for wildlife security.

Personnel can now have the

benefit of automated surveillance,and see a live view of the entire

airfield on a workstation, laptop,

tablet, or their smart phone.

Systems may use RF, ultrasonic,

laser, optical techniques, to seeeverything that moves, from

planes and vehicles to people and

wildlife.

It then uses software to evaluate

whether the movements arenormal activity or a potential




(CONTINUED)

How long does it take to deploy a system ?

A single unit can be delivered and up and running on thesame day. Systems that require multiple units may takemultiple days or weeks to deploy and configure.

What level of servicing is required ?

Qualified engineers can log in remotely, to verify that thesystem is operating properly, and troubleshoot any problems that may arise.

At what ranges is the system effective for wildlife ?

The detection range for animals depends on the size of theanimal. umans are detected out to a range of !"#$ feet,elephants out to %!"$ feet, and large birds out to &$$$ feet.




(EXAMPLE)

If a deer is on the field at

night, for instance, the

system can be configured

to follow it with a

thermal camera, wait 10seconds, and then trigger

a remote wildlife

mitigation device to scare

it away. If the problem

persists, it can send atext message to a

security officer to look at

the live image from his

smart phone.



PROPOSED SOLUTION

• Elephant herds steer clear from animals like tigers, lions

and also African bees.• The perimeter of the farm consists of infrared intrusion

detectors kept at a height of 11 feet which is average

elephant height.• When a intrusion of an elephant is detected the pre-

recorded noises of above mentioned animal are played.



INFRARED BASED INTRUSION

DETECTOR

The detector triggers the speakers when there is a

simultaneous interruption of the two infrared beams.



SPEAKERS AND AUDIO DATABASE

Once an elephant intrusion is detected, the

prerecorded animal sounds are played in the

speaker.

Tiger growls can be heard clearly from

approximately 1km away, hence at least a 1KW

speaker has to be used.

The pre recorded animal sounds are stored in a

database.

The animal sounds to be played are picked

randomly.



THE BRAIN-BEAGLE BONE

The beagle bone has the following

specs• 1GHz ARM Cortex A8•

512MB DDR3 RAM• 4GB 8-bit eMMC on-board flash

storage• Can run Ubuntu• USB client for power &

communications• Ethernet• 2x 46 pin headers• Can alert remote observation

center



POWER SUPPLY

• Power is fed from the farmer’s house.• Powers a battery attached to inverter.• Requires 3 adapters to power speaker, sensors and

beagle bone.



CONCLUDING REMARKS

There is a need minimize elephant conflicts in order to protect human

health and safety, maintain biodiversity and reduce property damage.

While prevention is always the best approach, a more forceful

response is sometimes used when there is a significant risk to human

health.

The aim of proposed solution to reduce the potential for human-

elephant conflicts in order to protect life and limb, safety and security

of animal populations, habitat and general biodiversity, and also to

minimize damage to property.

The preference is always for passive, non-intrusive prevention

measures but often active intervention is required to be carried out in

conjunction.

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