© The University of Sheffield 1

Biomass combustion under oxy‐fuel and post combustion capture conditionsat the PACT 250 kW air/oxy‐fuel CTF

Presented by: Dr Janos Szuhanszki

J. Szuhanszki, O. Farias Moguel, K. Finney, M. Akram and M. Pourkashanian

Contents

– Facility description

– Experimental conditions

– Example output from combustion characterisation studies

– Key project outputs

– Upcoming work

© The University of Sheffield

PACT Core Facilities

250 kW Air/Oxy-fuel CTF

Amine based PCC Plant

O2/CO2 Mixing Facilities

250 kW CTF Layout

El Cerrejon and WWP fuel characterisation undertaken by the University of Leeds (L. Darvell, B. Dooley, J.M. Jones, A Williams)

El Cerrejon coal

White wood pellets (WWP)

Torrefied wood

Recycled wood

Wt% (AR) El Cerrejon WWP Recycled

Moisture 5.07 6.69 6.9

Volatiles 35.46 78.10 73.9

Fixed Carbon 55.07 14.51 15.1

Ash 4.40 0.70 4.1

N 1.32 0.15 0.36

C 69.44 48.44 46.23

H 4.55 6.34 5.32

S 0.07 <0.02 0.04

Cl 0.03 <0.01 0.02

O 15.15 37.69 43.93

GCV (kJ/kg) 28.70 19.41 18.40

NCV (kJ/kg) 27.68 18.10 17.10

El Cerrejon WWP Recycled

Elemental Oxide (%)

SiO2 39.9 13.6 35.5

Al2O3 16.6 1.9 4.6

Fe2O3 10.8 1.3 6.1

TiO2 0.6 0.1 0.7

CaO 14.4 27 23.6

MgO 1.9 5.5 3.3

Na2O 1.9 1.3 1.2

K2O 1.6 10.1 2.1

Mn3O4 0.1 2.2 0.5

P2O5 0.8 3.1 0.5

SO3 11.4 2.4 2.4

Trace Metals mg/kg

Arsenic 2.4 0.3 3.8

Cadmium <0.1 0.1 0.3

Chromium 4.7 2.2 16.2

Copper 11.7 2.6 24.7

Nickel 3.6 0.7 5.0

Mercury <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Lead 3.8 0.7 16.2

Vanadium 5.1 <0.6 2.2

Zinc 14.9 10.2 48.2

Current Fuels Tested at PACT

Combustion and CCS performance characterisation

© The University of Sheffield

Coal Baseline:• Air-coal

Coal CCS w/ Post Combustion• Air-coal + Post Compton

Capture

Coal CCS w/ Oxy-fuel• Oxy24-coal, • Oxy27-coal, • Oxy30-coal

Biomass Baseline:• Air-biomass

Biomass CCS w/ Post combustion• Air-biomass + Post Compton

Capture

Biomass CCS w/ Oxy-fuel• Oxy24-biomass, • Oxy27-biomass, • Oxy30-biomass

The following modes of operations were examined

© The University of Sheffield

Capture Plant performance:

• Flue gas and solvent flow rates

• Lean and rich loading

• Absorber temperatures and pressures

• Boiler duty

• CO2 capture rate

• Emissions (incl. metal aerosols, submicron particles, ammonia)

Combustion characterisation

• Radiative Heat Flux

• Flame Imaging

• In-furnace temperatures

• In-furnace gas compositions

• Burnout

• Flue gas emissions

• Metal aerosol emissions

• Submicron particulates

Combustion and CCS performance characterisation

Key data sets were obtained for all cases examined

Contents

– Facility description

– Experimental conditions

– Example output from combustion characterisation studies

– Key project outputs

– Upcoming work

© The University of Sheffield

Flame Imaging

Imaging system developed by the University of Kent

10© The University of Sheffield

Air Oxy24

Oxy30Oxy27

Flame Imaging – coal200kW coal flames

11

200kW biomass flames

© The University of Sheffield

Flame Imaging – biomass

Air Oxy24

Oxy30Oxy27

12

Temperature approach

Luminance approach

Air

Air

Oxy24

Oxy27Oxy24

Oxy30Oxy27

Oxy30© The University of Sheffield

Air Oxy24 Oxy30Oxy27

Original flame imaging

Flame Imaging – biomass

© The University of Sheffield 13

Methodology

Processed frames for the luminance

method

. . .

.

.

.

∫∫

∫∫

Perceived luminance calculation

Frequency spectrum construction

𝐹 =σ𝑛=1𝑁 𝑃𝑥𝑥 𝑓𝑛 ∙ 𝑓𝑛σ𝑛=1𝑁 𝑃𝑥𝑥 𝑓𝑛

Experimental methodology

Processed frames for the temperature

method

. . .

.

.

.

∫∫

∫∫

𝑇 =𝐶2

1𝜆𝐺

−1𝜆𝑅

ln𝐺 𝜆𝑅, 𝑇𝐺 𝜆𝐺 , 𝑇

+ ln 𝑆 + ln𝜆𝑅𝜆𝐺

5

Temperature calculation

𝑌 = 0.2989 𝑅+ 0.5870 𝐺+ 0.1140 𝐵

Transient perceived luminance

Transient temperature

© The University of Sheffield 14

Flame Imaging –An application for CFD

Numerical methodology

Monitor points, lines and volumes are used in this study

Δt Δt

Transient temperature distribution

Transient axial velocity distribution

Contour of heat of reaction (W) – 250x slower

Laboratory

scale

Pilot scale Full-scale

Application for CFD model validation

© The University of Sheffield

Contents

– Facility description

– Experimental conditions

– Example output from combustion characterisation studies

– Key project outputs

– Upcoming work

© The University of Sheffield

Forthcoming Papers1. J. Szuhánszki, K.N. Finney, K. Milkowski and M. Pourkashanian (2018) Combustion

Characterisation under air- and oxy-firing of pulverised coal and biomass at a 250kW CTF, Fuel

2. O. Farias Moguel, J. Szuhánszki, A.G. Clements, D.B. Ingham, L. Ma, M. Pourkashanian (2017) Oscillating coal and biomass flames: a spectral and digital imaging approach for air and oxy-fuel conditions, Fuel Processing Technology

3. K.N. Finney, J. Szuhánszki, K. Milkowski and M. Pourkashanian (2017) Metal aerosol emissions from the air-firing of coal and biomass for carbon capture applications, Fuel

4. K.N. Finney, J. Szuhánszki, K. Milkowski and M. Pourkashanian (2017) Comparative analysis of entrained metal aerosols from air and oxy-fuel combustion of coal, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

5. X. Yang, A. Clements, J. Szuhánszki, et al. (2017) On predicting radiative heat transfer in small and large scale oxy-coal furnaces, Fuel Processing Technology

6. K.N. Finney, J.M. Jones, J. Szuhánszki, K. Milkowski and M. Pourkashanian (2017) Release of metal aerosol emissions from biomass fuels: The fate of metals under different combustion regimes, Energy and Fuels

7. M. Akram, K.N. Finney, J. Szuhánszki, K. Milkowski and M. Pourkashanian (2017) Bioenergy with carbon capture: Assessment of the impacts of biomass-derived flue gas on post-combustion CO2 capture, Journal of Cleaner Production

Project Outputs

● Presentation at UKCCSRC Biannual Network Meeting – CCS and Industry: Cardiff University (Sept 2014) “Biomass CCS Parallel Session: BIO-CAP-UK – Air/Oxy Biomass Combustion with CO2 Capture Technology, UK Study”

● Presentation at SUPERGEN Bioenergy Hub – Researchers Day, University of Newcastle (July 2014) “CCS Enabling Technologies – Bio-CAP-UK: Work Plan Contribution by PACT”

● Presentation at SUPERGEN Bioenergy Hub – Bioenergy Systems, Aston (Nov 2014) “The Bio-CAP-UK Programme: Impacts of Biomass Feedstock Properties on Air/Oxy Combustion with Carbon Capture”

● Presentation at SUPERGEN Bioenergy Hub – Researchers Day, University of Glasgow (May 2016) “Bioenergy Research at University of Sheffield”

● Presentation at SUPERGEN Bioenergy Hub Annual Assembly, Sheffield (Nov 2016) “BECCS: Importance of Bioenergy-CCS and Opportunities at the PACT Facilities”

● Presentation at SUPERGEN Bioenergy Hub International Conference, Manchester (March 2017) “Monitoring Metal Aerosol Emissions from Coal and Biomass Combustion under BECCS Operating Regimes”

Presentations at SUPERGEN/UKCCSRC events:

● Presentation at 5th Meeting of the IEAGHG International Oxyfuel Combustion Research Network: Wuhan, China (Oct 2015) “Characterisation of Oxy-Biomass Combustion in a 0.25 MWth Combustion Test Facility”

● Presentation at 11th ECCRIA: European Conference on Coal Research and its Applications, University of Sheffield (Sept 2016) “Comparison of Metal Aerosol Emissions for Air-Firing of Coal and Biomass for Carbon Capture Applications”

● Presentations at IEA Clean Coal Centre’s 8th International Conference on Clean Coal Technologies (CCT2017) Cagliari, Sardinia (May 2017) “Metal Aerosol Emissions from Coal and Biomass Combustion for CCS” and “Process Analysis of Part-load Performance when Co-firing Coal and Biomass Integrated with CCS”

● Presentation at Inaugural seminar of the Fuel and Energy Research Forum’s Biomass and Waste Interest Group – Workshop on Low Grade Biomass: Challenges and Opportunities, Leeds (June 2017) “Metal Aerosol Emissions from Coal and Biomass Combustion for Carbon Capture”

● Presentation at University of Sheffield Engineering Researcher Symposium, Sheffield (June 2017) “Metal Aerosol Release from Coal and Biomass Combustion for Carbon Capture Applications”

Project OutputsExamples of pesentations at other conferences/events:

● Two two-way secondments completed between Karen Finney and Rachael Hall (Leeds ↔ Alstom and Sheffield ↔ Alstom/GE) (2014-2016)➢ KNF to Alstom: techno-economic assessment of pre-treatments for reducing

metal loading in biomass in combustion systems for operational cost saving in carbon capture applications

➢ RH to UoL/UoS: experimental and theoretical investigations of BECCS➢ KNF to Alstom/GE: novel bio-refinery concepts for reusing biomass ash

● Poster at the UKCCSRC Biannual Network Meeting – CCS in Action: Cranfield University “Bio-CAP-UK: Air/Oxy Biomass Combustion with CO2 Capture Technology, UK Study” (April 2015)

● Poster at UKCCSRC Call Projects Showcase Poster Reception, Imperial College, London (June 2016) “BIO-CAP-UK – Air/Oxy Biomass Combustion with CO2

Capture Technology, UK Study”

Project Outputs

Examples of other project outputs:

Contents

– Facility description

– Experimental conditions

– Example output from combustion characterisation studies

– Key project outputs

– Upcoming work

© The University of Sheffield

Upcoming work

• New grate fired boiler

• Trials using a variety of treated and untreated fuel blends scheduled

• Particular attention to corrosion and deposition studies for furnace wall and superheater tubes

Thank you!

Contact: Janos Szuhanszki (j.szuhanszki@sheffield.ac.uk)

The authors would like to acknowledge funding for the UKCCSRC PACT Facilities by the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy

(BEIS) and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).