investigating the effects of plant hormones on the growth of a.niger
DESCRIPTION
Investigating the effects of Plant Hormones on the growth of A.Niger. PRESERVATIVE?. Objectives. Investigate the ability of different plant hormones (or a mixture) to defend tomatoes from fungus Aspergillus niger Way to increase the storage time of tomatoes. Why A.niger ? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Investigating the effects of Plant Hormones on the growth
of A.Niger
PRESERVATIVE?
Objectives• Investigate the ability of different plant hormones
(or a mixture) to defend tomatoes from fungus Aspergillus niger
• Way to increase the storage time of tomatoes
• Why A.niger?Inflicts tremendous damage to
plants and crops
Infects dead, dying or injured plant tissues
Introduction
Known as Black Mould
Affects certain fruits and vegetables
Inflicts damage on dead and injured plant tissues
Introduction
Organic substances
Causes physiological responses
Target audience
• Farmers who grow tomatoes
• People who want to keep their tomatoes for a longer time
• People who want to find out how to reduce mould growth on tomatoes
Hypothesis
The plant hormone that best impedes the growth of Aspergillus Niger is salicylic acid.
Variables
Independent Type of Plant
Hormones
DependentDecrease in mass
ControlType of fruit usedAmount of A.nigerAmount of plant
hormonesDays for A.niger to infect the tomato
MaterialsAspergillus niger
Methyl Jasmonate
Salicylic acid
Kinetin Syringe
Tomatoes
Potato dextrose broth
Potato dextrose agar
Electronic Balance Petri dishes
Methodology
•We culture the Aspergillus niger onto potato Dextrose Broth for 2 days
•We put the tomatoes onto sterile petri-dishes and labelled the petri-dishes according to the hormones we would inject into the respective tomatoes. The hormones we injected were salicylic acid, kinetin and methyl jasmonate.
Methodology• We injected the plant hormones into
the tomatoes. The concentration of the plant hormones we added were 30 microlitres/ml. We injected 1ml of hormones into the tomatoes.
• For the control set-up, we injected 1ml of water into the tomatoes
• We injected 0.5 ml of the Aspergillus niger solution (mixed in potato dextrose broth solution into the tomatoes). We measured the mass of the tomatoes during the following intervals:– Start of experiment– 2 hours later– 1 day later– 2 days later
Methodology
Methodology
Salicylic acid Methyl Jasmonate Kinetin
Salicylic acid +Methyl Jasmonate
Salicylic acid + Kinetin
Methyl Jasmonate + Kinetin
All three hormones Control
Factor used to measure the extent of decay
• Mass of the tomatoes
Overview of results
S M K S+M S+K M+K S+K+M Control0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Mass of tomatoes in set-up 1
Day 02 hours laterDay 1Day 2
Types of plant hormones used
Mas
s of
tom
atoe
s/g
Mass of tomatoes (set-up 1)
S M K S+M S+K M+K S+K+M Control0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Mass of tomatoes in set-up 2
Day 02 hours laterDay 1Day 2
Types of plant hormones used
Mas
s of
tom
atoe
s/g
Mass of tomatoes (set-up 2)
S M K S+M S+K M+K S+K+M Control0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Mass of tomatoes in set-up 3
Day 02 hours laterDay 1Day 2
Types of plant hormones used
Mas
s of
tom
atoe
s/g
Mass of tomatoes (set-up 3)
S M K S+M S+K M+K S+K+M Control0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Percentage decrease in mass of tomatoes in Set-up 1
Series1
Hormones injected
Perc
enta
ge d
ecre
ase
in m
ass/
%
Percentage decrease in mass of tomatoes (set-up 1)
S M K S+M S+K M+K S+K+M Control0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Percentage decrease in mass of tomatoes in Set-up 2
Series1
Hormones injected
Perc
enta
ge d
ecre
ase
in m
ass/
%
Percentage decrease in mass of tomatoes (set-up 2)
Percentage decrease in mass of tomatoes (set-up 3)
S M K S+M S+K M+K S+K+M Control0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Percentage decrease in mass of tomatoes in Set-up 3
Series1
Hormones injected
Perc
enta
ge d
ecre
ase
in m
ass/
%
S M K S+M S+K M+K S+K+M Control2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
Average percentage decrease in mass of tomatoes for the 3 set-ups
Series1
Hormones injected
Perc
enta
ge d
ecre
ase
in m
ass/
%
Average percentage decrease in mass
Raw DataHormone % decrease in mass
SA 2.746480022MJ 3.114938598KI 2.84314562
SA + MJ 3.170528505SA + KI 2.843008458MJ + KI 2.858655563
SA + MJ + KI 3.025592654Control 2.935635524
General analysis of results• The mass of the tomatoes which were injected
with salicylic acid decreased the least• Among the three hormones, salicylic acid works
best at impeding growth of Aspergillus Niger, followed by kinetin, and then Methyl Jasmonate
Salicylic acidSalicylic acid + KinetinKinetin
Methyl Jasmonate + Kinetin
ControlAll 3 hormonesSalicylic acid + Methyl Jasmonate
Methyl Jasmonate
Impedes growth of Aspergillus Niger the most
Impedes growth of Aspergillus Niger the least
General analysis of results
Explanation of results – salicylic acid
Salicylic acid •“Attacks” the invading pathogen itself•Is harmful to pathogens due to its acidic nature
Kinetin•Stimulates tRNA (transfer RNA) synthesis•Protects plant cells against stress by suppressing cell death by viruses and toxic chemicals•Acts as a preservative
Methyl Jasmonate •Induces the plant to produce multiple different types of defence chemicals.
Limitations
• We originally intended to use jasmonate acid instead of kinetin. However, jasmonate acid is too expensive and the SRC cannot afford it. Hence, we found a replaced jasmonate acid with kinetin
• Using plant hormones as a form of “preservative” for the tomatoes would cost a lot as the hormones are expensive
Conclusion
• Salicylic acid works best on impeding growth of Aspergillus Niger among the three plant hormones used in the experiment
Benefits
• Injecting plant hormones is more environmentally friendly than using fungicides. Unlike fungicides, plant hormones are not toxic to humans and wildlife.
• The fruits injected with this hormones may not be suitable for consumption, and hence this method may not be applicable for agricultural purposes.
Applications
• Salicylic acid can be injected into fruits like tomatoes to reduce the Aspergillus Niger growth on the fruits. This increases the storage time of fruits.
Bibliography• http://www.crscientific.com/article-aspirin.html
From CR Scientific LLC (date not applicable)• http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pca.1085/abstract • Written Feng Juan Zhang, You Ju Jin, Xing You Xu, Rong Chun Lu,• Hua Jun Chen (10 JUL 2008)• http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/Types-of-Plant-Hormones.topicArticleId-
23791,articleId-23713.html#ixzz1AAQ3pfpI
• From Cliffnotes.com (4 Apr 2011) • http://www.brighthub.com/health/conditions-treatments/articles/9543.aspx • Written by user MandaSpring (1 Oct 2008)• http://www.gardenguides.com/132402-aspergillus-niger-structure.html • Written by Sarah Terry (date not applicable)
Bibliography• http://
www.biog1105-1106.org/demos/105/unit5/media/plantdefensehormones.pdf• http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/jasmine/jasminev.htm• http://
www.sureshrattan.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=48&Itemid=68
• http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/Types-of-Plant-Hormones.topicArticleId-23791,articleId-23713.html#ixzz1AAQ3pfpI
• http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/topics/Pages/OverviewOfPlantDiseases.aspx
• Google Images• Presentation magazine
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