lecture 5 plant hormones 2014.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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Lecture 5
Plant hormonesand
Signal transduction
PLSC 452/552
1/23/14Department of Plant
SciencesNeal Stewart La
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!rain teaser
• Little "ohnn# nails a sign $% cm o&the ground to a tree outside of hiscluhouse that sa#s 'no girlsallowed() *f the tree grows 12 cme+er# #ear, at what height will thesign e when Little "ohnn# returns as
!ig "ohnn# in 15 #ears-
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.+er+iew
• Dene 'hormone) as a functionalcompound( 0hat is the function andimportance of hormones-
• now the maor plant hormones
• nderstand realworld application ofhormones
• *mportance of hormones for tissueculture introduction
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0hat is a hormone-
• !iochemical which regulates growthased on iological and en+ironmentalin6uences
• S#non#ms Plant hormones, plantgrowth regulators 7P89s:,ph#tohormones
•9egulate growth and de+elopment
• ;oile throughout plant
•
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;aor plant hormones
• =u>in ? 8ree@ au>einA to grow or increase
• C#to@inin ? c#to@inesis 7cell di+ision:
• =scisic acid ? ascission
• "asmonic acid ? found in asmine oil
• 8ierellic acid ? pathogen 8ierella
•
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Binding plant hormones
.ser+ational
Darwin stumles on au>in – Noticed grass tips grow toward light
– 0ith tip growth responded to light
– 0ithout tip growth had no response
;utation screening 7a@a forward
genetics: – Dwarf plants are can e hormone decient
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8eneral hormoneiochemistr#
•
Present in all cells at +arious le+els• Classes of hormones wor@ in signal
cascades
– ormonereceptor interactions
– 9espond to a host of factors and iologicalneeds• =iotic
– 0ater stress
– Light – Nutrient decienc#
• !iotic – 8rowth
– De+elopment
– eri+ore stress
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ormone ios#nthesis
;ade from four ios#nthetic pathwa#s – erpenoids
• =;P E *PP 7c#to@inins:
• Carotenoid rea@down 7ascisic acid:
• Diterpene 7gierellic acid:
• riterpene 7rassinosteroids:
–
Batt# acids 7asmonic acid: – r#ptophan 7au>ins:
– ;ethionine 7eth#lene:
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=u>ins•
8ree@ au>einA to grow or increase• =pical dominance growth
• Cell elongation
• ormone le+el +er# important2, 4dichloropheno>#acetic
http//puchem(nci(nlm(nih(
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=u>in =pical dominance
http//users(rcn(com/@imall(ma(ultranet/!iolog#Pages/=/
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C#to@inin
• C#to@inesis 7cell di+ision:
• =ccidentl# added degraded DN= tomedium
• .rganiHation and de+elopment of>#lem tissue
•
9esponse to light• Lateral growth of shoots
• .pen stomata
http//puchem(nci(nlm(nih(
inetin
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=pplication cotton spra#ing• =dding c#to@inins to #oung cotton increase
droughtresistance• =riHona ? 31I S cotton, highest #ield acre41
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=u>in
C#to@inin
http//users(ugent(
e/Kpdeergh/pri/pri4eH%4(
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=scisic acid 7=!=:
• .riginall# implicated in leaf and fruitascission
• *n+ol+ed in leaf senescence
• ;aintains seed dormanc# 7opposed to8=:
•
*n+ol+ed in stomata regulation 7closes:• Single hormone unit
http//puchem(nci(nlm(nih(go
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http//www(ri@enresea
rch(ri@en(p/eng/research 121
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http//par@(itc(uto@#o(ac(p/iotecres
"asmonic acid Pathogen response
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8ierellic acid
•.riginall# found in 8ierella 7ricepathogen: – 9esponsile for Mfoolish seedling
phenomenon – ninhiited growth until rea@ing
• *n+ol+ed in cell elongation
•
Blowering and seed germination
http//puchem(nci(nlm(nih(
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;odication of 8= in rice
;i#a@o eguchiana@a 2%%5 Nature 437, $3$O
Spra#ing 8= for increased fruit
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Spra#ing 8= for increased fruit#ield
8= induces fruitingin asence of seed
http//www(e>tension(org/pages/31%/usingplantgrowthregulatorstoincreasethesiHeoftalegrape
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Con+ersational Plants-
•
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!rassinosteroids
•
Stress responses – Switchgrass suspension cells ha+e minor
amounts of lignin 7small amounts of monolignols:
– =ddition of rassinolide induces normallignin formation and composition
• Stem elongation
• Seed germination
• Pollen tue growth
• Cell di&erentiation control
!rassinolide
http//puchem(nci(nlm(nih(
. i f h
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Brassinosteroid
mutant
Bishopp A et al. Development 2006;133:1857-186
.+er+iew of hormonemutants
!th"lene
mutant
#ro$n in dar%
&"to%inin
mutant
&"to%inin
mutant
'loser loo%
A(s'isi' a'id
mutant
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ormones 7P89: pathwa#s
• P89s wor@ in comple> cascades toproduce signals – S#nergistic
– =natognistic
• ariet# of actions in cell
– 8ene transcription – Protein degradation
http//chriscarterart(wordpress(com/2%1%/%5/%$/mothersda#2/mi@adoplantwatercolors@etchchriscarter%5%$1%/
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Arabidopsis histidine kinase sensing and signaling; 2) A histidine
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htt //molio(m h(har+ard(edu/sheenwe/c to@inin si nalin (ht
Arabidopsis histidine kinase sensing and signaling; 2) A histidine
phosphotransferase protein n!lear translo!ation; 3) A response reglation
trans!ription a!ti"ation; and #) a negati"e feedba!k loop throgh !ytokinin$
ind!ible A%% gene prod!ts.
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Lecture summar#
• ormones are iochemicals thatregulate plant growth ased oniological and en+ironmental cues
• =u>in and c#to@inin are @e# for plantgrowth
• =iotic and iotic stress response is
regulated # hormones• Cell signaling is regulated # specic
receptors on cell memranes