invertebrates iii and vertebrates
DESCRIPTION
Invertebrates III and Vertebrates. Phylum: Echinodermata. Deuterostomes radial and indeterminate cleavage Enterocoelous anus from blastopore. Phylum: Echinodermata. Secondary Radial Symmetry Water vascular system Ambulacral groove Madreporite All marine. Water Vascular System. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Invertebrates III and Invertebrates III and VertebratesVertebrates
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Phylum: EchinodermataPhylum: Echinodermata DeuterostomesDeuterostomes
– radial and radial and indeterminate indeterminate cleavagecleavage
– EnterocoelousEnterocoelous– anus from anus from
blastoporeblastopore
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Phylum: EchinodermataPhylum: Echinodermata Secondary Radial Secondary Radial
SymmetrySymmetry Water vascular Water vascular
systemsystem– Ambulacral Ambulacral
groovegroove– MadreporiteMadreporite
All marineAll marine
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Water Vascular SystemWater Vascular System
MadreporiteMadreporite Stone CanalStone Canal Ring CanalRing Canal Radial CanalRadial Canal Lateral Canal Lateral Canal AmpullaAmpulla Tube FeetTube Feet
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ClassificationClassification
Class: Asteroidea (Seastars)Class: Asteroidea (Seastars) Class: Opiuroidea (Brittlestars)Class: Opiuroidea (Brittlestars) Class: Echinoidea (Sea Urchins, Sand Class: Echinoidea (Sea Urchins, Sand
Dollars)Dollars) Class: Crinoidea (Sea Lilies)Class: Crinoidea (Sea Lilies) Class: Holothuroidea (Sea Class: Holothuroidea (Sea
Cucumbers)Cucumbers)
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Class: AsteroideaClass: Asteroidea
Five arms radiating Five arms radiating from a central discfrom a central disc
Open ambulacral Open ambulacral groovegroove
Madreporite on the Madreporite on the aboral sideaboral side
Contain Contain pedicellariae or pedicellariae or papulaepapulae
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Class: OphiuroideaClass: Ophiuroidea
Five thin arms Five thin arms radiating from a radiating from a central disccentral disc
Closed ambulacral Closed ambulacral groovesgrooves
Madreporite on the Madreporite on the oral sideoral side
No suckers on tube No suckers on tube feet, pedicellariae feet, pedicellariae or papulaeor papulae
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Class: EchinoideaClass: Echinoidea No arms but have five No arms but have five
rows of tube feetsrows of tube feets Contain spinesContain spines Closed ambulacral Closed ambulacral
groovesgrooves Madreporite on the Madreporite on the
aboral sideaboral side Contain pedicellariae Contain pedicellariae
or papulaeor papulae Aristotle’s lanternAristotle’s lantern
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Class: CrinoideaClass: Crinoidea
Attached to Attached to substrate with substrate with many branched many branched armsarms
Open ambulacral Open ambulacral groovesgrooves
No MadreporiteNo Madreporite No pedicellariae or No pedicellariae or
papulaepapulae
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Class: HolothuroideaClass: Holothuroidea
Soft bodiedSoft bodied Ambulacral areas Ambulacral areas
with tube feetwith tube feet Internal Internal
MadreporiteMadreporite No pedicellariae No pedicellariae
or papulaeor papulae
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Phylum: ChordataPhylum: Chordata
DeuterostomesDeuterostomes– radial and indeterminate cleavageradial and indeterminate cleavage– EnterocoelousEnterocoelous– anus from blastoporeanus from blastopore
Bilateral SymmetryBilateral Symmetry Both invertebrates and vertebratesBoth invertebrates and vertebrates
– Contain four anatomical featuresContain four anatomical features
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Phylum: ChordataPhylum: Chordata
NotochordNotochord Dorsal, Dorsal,
Hollow Hollow Nerve CordNerve Cord
Pharyngeal Pharyngeal SlitsSlits
Muscular, Muscular, Postanal Postanal TailTail
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SubPhylum: UrochordataSubPhylum: Urochordata
TunicatesTunicates SessileSessile Only contains Pharynx with slits as an Only contains Pharynx with slits as an
adultadult
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SubPhylum: CephalochordataSubPhylum: Cephalochordata
LancelatesLancelates Contains all Contains all
four chordate four chordate characters as characters as an adultan adult
Closest Closest relative to relative to vertebrates vertebrates ((AmphioxusAmphioxus))
PaedogenesisPaedogenesis
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SubPhylum: VertebrataSubPhylum: Vertebrata
BackbonesBackbones Contains all Contains all
four chordate four chordate characters as characters as an adult with an adult with modificationmodification
Neural CrestNeural Crest– bones and bones and
cartilage of cartilage of the skullthe skull
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Vertebrate AdaptationsVertebrate Adaptations
Living Endoskeleton Living Endoskeleton – better for larger animalsbetter for larger animals
Pharynx and Efficient Pharynx and Efficient RespirationRespiration– increased metabolic rateincreased metabolic rate
Advanced Nervous SystemAdvanced Nervous System– developed system for developed system for
distance receptiondistance reception Paired LimbsPaired Limbs
– increased movementincreased movement
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Chordate Chordate EvolutionEvolution
VertebraeVertebrae Jaws and two sets Jaws and two sets
of paired of paired appendagesappendages
TeethTeeth LungsLungs LegsLegs Amniotic EggAmniotic Egg Hair, feathersHair, feathers
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Key Fish CharacteristicsKey Fish Characteristics
Vertebral ColumnVertebral Column Jaws and paired appendagesJaws and paired appendages GillsGills Single Circuit blood circulationSingle Circuit blood circulation
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Superclass: AgnathaSuperclass: Agnatha
Without Jaws and Without Jaws and Most without paired Most without paired appendagesappendages
Class: Myxini - Class: Myxini - Hagfishes Hagfishes (scavengers) (scavengers)
Class: Class: Cephalaspidomorphi Cephalaspidomorphi - Lampreys - Lampreys (parasitic)(parasitic)
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Superclass: GnathostomataSuperclass: Gnathostomata
With jawsWith jaws Evolved from skeletal supports of the pharyngeal slitsEvolved from skeletal supports of the pharyngeal slits
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Fossil GnathostomataFossil Gnathostomata PlacodermsPlacoderms
– Plate-skinnedPlate-skinned AcanthodiansAcanthodians
– Probably led to bony fishProbably led to bony fish
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Class: ChondrichthyesClass: Chondrichthyes
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Class: Class: ChondrichthyesChondrichthyes
Placoid Scales Placoid Scales (teeth-like)(teeth-like)
Several rows of Several rows of teeth teeth – (Not embedded in (Not embedded in
the jaw)the jaw)
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Class: Class: ChondrichthyesChondrichthyes
Spiral valve within Spiral valve within intestineintestine
Large fatty liverLarge fatty liver SensesSenses
– Ampullae of LorenziniAmpullae of Lorenzini– Lateral LineLateral Line
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Class: Class: ChondrichthyesChondrichthyes
Cartilaginous skeleton Cartilaginous skeleton (not primitive)(not primitive)– Subclass: Subclass:
ElasmobranchiElasmobranchiSharks, Skates, Rays Sharks, Skates, Rays
– Subclass: HolosteiSubclass: HolosteiRatfishRatfish
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Subclass: ElasmobranchiSubclass: Elasmobranchi
Order: SelachidaeOrder: Selachidae– SharksSharks
– Cartilagenous Cartilagenous skeletonskeleton
– Streamlined bodyStreamlined body– 5-7 gill slits5-7 gill slits
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Subclass: ElasmobranchiSubclass: Elasmobranchi
Order: BatiformesOrder: Batiformes– Skates, RaysSkates, Rays
– Cartilagenous Cartilagenous skeletonskeleton
– flattened bodyflattened body– 5-6 gill slits on the 5-6 gill slits on the
underside of the underside of the bodybody
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Subclass: HolocephaliSubclass: Holocephali
– Cartilagenous Cartilagenous skeletonskeleton
– Lack dermal scalesLack dermal scales– Venomous spineVenomous spine– single gill opening single gill opening
with hard coveringwith hard covering
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Osteichthyes - Bony FishOsteichthyes - Bony Fish(Bony Skeleton)(Bony Skeleton)
Class:SarcopterygiiClass:Sarcopterygii– Lobe-finned FishLobe-finned Fish– LungfishLungfish
Class: ActinopterygiiClass: Actinopterygii– Ray-finned FishRay-finned Fish
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OsteichthyesOsteichthyes
Embedded Embedded dermal dermal (ctenoid) scales(ctenoid) scales
OperculumOperculum Swim BladderSwim Bladder Lateral LineLateral Line
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OsteichthyesOsteichthyes
FinsFins– DorsalDorsal– PectoralPectoral– PelvicPelvic– CaudalCaudal– AnalAnal
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Class:SarcopterygiiClass:SarcopterygiiLobe-finned FishLobe-finned Fish
Subclass: CoelacanthiomorphaSubclass: Coelacanthiomorpha CoelocanthCoelocanth
– Fleshy pectoral Fleshy pectoral and anal fins and anal fins which are which are supported by supported by bones. bones.
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Class:SarcopterygiiClass:SarcopterygiiLobe-finned FishLobe-finned FishSubclass: DipnoiSubclass: Dipnoi
LungfishLungfish– Fleshy fins Fleshy fins – True lungsTrue lungs
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Class ActinopterygiiClass Actinopterygii Infraclass: Holostei Infraclass: Holostei
– (Primitive fish)(Primitive fish)– Order: Lepisoteriformes - BowfinsOrder: Lepisoteriformes - Bowfins– Order: Amiiformes - GarsOrder: Amiiformes - Gars
BowfinsBowfins GarGar
They are found in They are found in brackish conditions. brackish conditions. They can use their They can use their swim bladders to swim bladders to obtain extra oxygen.obtain extra oxygen.
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Class ActinopterygiiClass Actinopterygii
Infraclass: TeleosteiInfraclass: Teleostei In this infraclass, all of the fish are In this infraclass, all of the fish are
considered to be considered to be the ray-finned fishthe ray-finned fish. . They have a movable maxilla and They have a movable maxilla and premaxilla and modified muscles premaxilla and modified muscles that allow them to have a that allow them to have a protrusable mouth.protrusable mouth.
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Class ActinopterygiiClass Actinopterygii
Infraclass: TeleosteiInfraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Superorder:
OsteoglossomorphaOsteoglossomorpha Superorder: Superorder:
ElopomorphaElopomorpha Superorder: Superorder:
ClupeomorphaClupeomorpha Superorder: Superorder:
OstariphysiOstariphysi
Superorder: Superorder: ProtacanthopterygiProtacanthopterygiii
Superorder: Superorder: StenopterygiiStenopterygii
Superorder: Superorder: ScopelomorphaScopelomorpha
Superorder: Superorder: AcanthopterygiiAcanthopterygii
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Superorder: Superorder: Osteoglossomorpha Osteoglossomorpha Bony Tongued FishBony Tongued Fish
The Bony tongue The Bony tongue is used to bite is used to bite against.against.
They are also They are also found in brackish found in brackish conditions. They conditions. They can use their swim can use their swim bladders to obtain bladders to obtain extra oxygen.extra oxygen.
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Superorder: Superorder: ElopomorphaElopomorpha
Eels Eels
They are They are snakelikesnakelike with with long bodies. Unlike land long bodies. Unlike land snakes, eels are usually snakes, eels are usually scale lessscale less, although a few , although a few species can be found with species can be found with tiny scales along their tiny scales along their bodies. Over 100 bodies. Over 100 vertebrae form the eel's vertebrae form the eel's spine, which makes the spine, which makes the animal very flexible.animal very flexible.
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Superorder: ClupeomorphaSuperorder: ClupeomorphaClupeiformesClupeiformes
This is the order of ray-This is the order of ray-finned fish that includes finned fish that includes the herring family and the herring family and the anchovy family. the anchovy family. Clupeiformes are Clupeiformes are physostomesphysostomes, which , which means that the gas means that the gas bladder bladder has a pneumatic has a pneumatic duct connecting it to the duct connecting it to the gutgut. . They typically lack a They typically lack a lateral linelateral line..
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Superorder: OstariphysiiSuperorder: Ostariphysii
These fish release an These fish release an alarm substance and alarm substance and their first few their first few vertebrates are used vertebrates are used to to pass sound from pass sound from the swim bladder to the swim bladder to the inner ear the inner ear for acute for acute hearing. They also hearing. They also have a have a gas bladdergas bladder..
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Superorder: Superorder: ProtacanthopterygiiProtacanthopterygii
These are fish that These are fish that lack specialization.lack specialization. They are important They are important game fish like game fish like Salmon and TroutSalmon and Trout
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Superorder: StenopterygiiSuperorder: Stenopterygii
Dragonfish are deep water fish. Dragonfish are deep water fish. Many deep Many deep sea fish are sea fish are biouminescentbiouminescent
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Superorder: ScopelomorphaSuperorder: Scopelomorpha
Lantern fish are deep water fish. Lantern fish are deep water fish. Many Many deep sea fish are deep sea fish are bioluminescentbioluminescent. . They They have large eyes and adipose fins. have large eyes and adipose fins.
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Superorder: Superorder: AcanthopterygiiAcanthopterygii
Ray-finned Fish – they make up of a Ray-finned Fish – they make up of a very diverse group of fish which usually very diverse group of fish which usually have a have a Pelvic fin spine present.Pelvic fin spine present.
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Evolution of the TetrapodsEvolution of the Tetrapods
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Evolution of the TetrapodsEvolution of the Tetrapods
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Deep Sea FishDeep Sea Fish
Deep sea fishDeep sea fish are are among the most among the most elusive and unusual elusive and unusual looking creatures on looking creatures on Earth. Earth.