introductory biochemistry instructor: dr. david shintani office: 311c fleischmann ag. e-mail:...
TRANSCRIPT
Introductory Biochemistry
Instructor: Dr. David ShintaniOffice: 311C Fleischmann Ag.
E-mail: [email protected]: (775) 784-4631
How to be successful in this class
• come to class!!!• read ahead in the text• don’t fall behind• understand the material• memorize structures and
pathways• study in groups• see me for help during office
hours
What is Biochemistry?• Biochemistry is the study of the
molecules and chemical reactions of life.
• The Biochemist uses physical and chemical principles to explain biology at the molecular level.
• Basic principles of biochemistry are common to all living organism
What can we do with biochemistry?
• Medicine
• Agriculture
• Industrial applications
• Environmental applications
Origins of Biochemistry: A challenge to “Vitalism.”
• Vitalism: idea that substances and processes associated with living organisms did not behave according to the known laws of physics and chemistry
• 1828 - Friedrich Wohler synthesized urea from an inorganic compound in a test tube.
• 1897 – Eduard and Hans Buchner showed that an extract from killed yeast could convert glucose to ethanol in vitro.
• Emil Fischer – proposed the idea of “enzymes” as biological catalyst for chemical reactions. Proposed “lock and key”
• 1926 – J.B. Sumner crystallized the protein urease
Organization of Life• elements• simple organic compounds
(monomers)• Macromolecules (polymers)• supramolecular structures• organelles• cells• tissues• organisms
Most abundant, essential for all organisms: C, N, O, P, S, HLess abundant, essential for all organisms : Na, Mg, K, Ca, ClTrace levels, essential for all organism: Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, ZnTrace levels, essential for some organisms: V, Cr, Mo, B, Al, Ga, Sn, Si, As, Se, I,
Elements of Life
Many Important Biomolecules are Polymers
p ro te in com plex
p ro te in su b un it
a m ino ac id
m em b rane
p ho sp ho lip id
fa tty a c id
ce ll w a ll
ce llu lo se
g lu co se
ch ro m o som e
D N A
n uc leo tidemonomer
polymer
supramolecularstructure
lipids proteins carbo nucleic acids
Proteins
p ro te in com plex
p ro te in su b un it
a m ino ac idmonomer
polymer
supramolecularstructure