introduction to zootechnics animal husbandry : structures, herds

1In partnership with

www.man-imal.fr/en

Introduction to zootechnicsAnimal husbandry : structures, herds

by Sébastien COUVREUR

2

21%

14%

12%11%

11%

10%

8%

5%4%

2%1%

0,5%

Meat 34,2 md€

Including meat-based preparations

Fruits and vegetables23,9 md€

Including preparations and fruit juice

Dairy products19,4 md€

Sugar-based processed food28,2 md€

Including ice cream and sorbet

Other foodstuffs17,7 md€

Including preapred food, sandwiches, food supplements, dietetic food, cof -

fee, tea

Alcoholic beverages16,2 md€

Starches13,7 md€

Fishery products8,3 md€

Non-alcoholic beverages6,5 md€

Crude fats3,3 md€

Eggs1,5 md€

Raw Sugar0,8 md€

ANIMAL PRODUCTIONS IN THE FRENCH AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

Total163,7 md€

The 2010 household food consumption(consumption per product in billions of Euros) Source : Insee

3

ANIMAL PRODUCTIONS IN THE FRENCH AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

Large

crops

Market ga

rdening,

horticultu

re

Viticultu

reFru

its

Dairy ca

ttle

Beef c

attle

Other herb

ivores

Swine, p

oultryOther

020000400006000080000

100000120000140000

Number of Farms (Orientation technico-économique des exploitations agricoles / OTEX) - Agreste

2007 Evolution 2000 2007Large cropsMarket gardening, horticulture ViticultureFruitsDairy cattleBeef cattleOther herbivoresSwine, poultryOther

-8-38-23-17-27-20-26-29-33

4

Forage areas

Surface 2010Cereals

Oilseed, protein, fibre plants

Industrial crops

Forage and silage feed

Artificial prairies

% of P.P. (Permanent Prairies)

Area with productive grassland (STH: Surface Toujours en Herbe)

Area with unproductive grassland (STH)

Potatoes and tubers

Dried pulses

Fresh vegetables, strawberries, melons

Vines

Maintained permanant crops

Fallow lands

Other

Finland

Danemark

Sweden

Portugal

Italy

Germany

Greece

France

Spain

Belgium-Lux

The Netherlands

Austria

United Kingdom

Ireland

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

% of P.P. (Permanent Prairies)

5

1979 1984 1989 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 20050

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Constantly cultivated surfaces (STH - Sur-face Toujours en Herbe)

Temporary prairies

Annual forages

Artificial prairies

Roots and tubers

Surf

ace

(x10

00 h

a)Forage areas

6

I. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY : STRUCTURES, HERDSA. General data regarding animal husbandryB. Cattle breedingC. Sheep breedingD. Caprine breedingE. Pig breedingF. Poultry farmingG. Rabbit breedingH. Equines

II. PRODUCTIONS ET USE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTSA. Milk and dairy productsB. Meat productsC. Eggs

7

I. ANIMAL BREEDING : STRUCTURES, HERDS A. General data regarding animal husbandry

19 500 000 434 0001 433 000

6 534 00013 922 000

856 000

46 514 000

143 596 000

23 290 000

545 000

26 138 000

10 286 0009 109 000

Total bovineTotal equinesTotal goatsTotal sheepsTotal pigsBreeding rabbit femalesLaying hensBroilers and cocksTurkey hens and turkey cocksGeeseDucksGuinea-fowlPigeons and quail

Corresponding herd (heads) 2010

8

I. A. General data regarding animal husbandry

Bovine breedsCows

Caprine breedsGoats

Ovine breedsSheep

Pig breedsSows

Poultry breedsChickensLaying hensDucksTurkeys

Equine breeds

19,57,81,431,007,55,813,91,132961444626230,43

Millions de têtes 2010

9

B. Cattle breeding

France

Germany

United Kingdom

Span

PolandIta

ly

Ireland

The Netherlands

Romania

Belgium-Lux

Autria

Portugal

Danemark

Czech Republic

Sweden

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000Dairy cows Suckler cows

Herd (2011) in thousands of heads

Source : the European commission

10

Herd (2011)

France

Germany

United Kingdom

Ireland

Spain

Italy

Poland

The Netherlands

Belgium-Lux

RomaniaAutri

a

Danemark

Portugal

Sweden

Czech Republic

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000Cows Other bovine species

France

19,0

Thousands of heads

EU27

86,2

World

1012,4


I. B. Cattle breeding

11

Herd (2011)

FranceGermanyUnited KingdomSpainPolandItalyIrelandThe NetherlandsRomaniaBelgiumAustriaPortugalDanemarkCzech RepublicSweden

4 108684

16421821

122390

1 063107

13519257442102183182

Source : the European comminssion

3 6784 1901 800

7982 4461 7551 0551 504

1 119555527252579374348

Suckerly cows Dairy cowsIn thousands of heads

12,1Millions heads

22,8 Millions heads

Cowherds in the UE27 in December 2011


12


Evolution of dairy and suckler herds in France

19851986

19871988

19891990

19911992

19931994

19951996

19971998

19992000

20012002

20032004

20052006

20072008

20092010

20110

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

Dairy cows Suckler cows


In th

ousa

nds o

f hea

ds

13


Herd (2011)

From 0 to 80,000 heads



More than 400,000 heads

Scale of suckler cows

14


From 0 to 100 000 heads



More than 400 000 heads

Scale of dairy cows

Herd (2011)

15

Herd (2011)

I. B. Cattle breedingIlle-de-FranceChampagne-ArdennePicardyUpper-NormandyCentre regionLower-NormandyBurgundyNord – Pas-de-CalaisLorraineAlsaceFranche-ComtéPays de la LoireBrittanyPoitou-CharentesAquitaineMidi-PyrénéesLimousinRhône-AlpesAuvergneLanguedoc-RoussillonProvence-Alpes-Côte d’AzurCorsica

6 922114 824

78 59085 429

221 467173 322475 874

83 980156 616

19 46849 929

469 824143 630133 463270 642473 457464 730175 162494 685

79 94117 99439 332

5 954 98 702

115 051128 811

59 220425 674

57 956162 457179 816

41 862191 064452 137627 001

88 694102 522137 675

35 185267 769228 159

20 1228 807

58

Suckler cows Dairy cowsRegion

Source: The Office of Statistics and Studies (SSP)(annual agricultural statistics)

16


Holstein Friesian cattle

Charolais cattle

Crossbreed cattle

Limousin cattle

d'Aquitaine

Montbéliarde cattle

Normande cattle

Aubrac cattle

Salers

Belgian Blue

Parthenais

Maine-Anjou

Abondance

Autres

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Dairy breeds

Suckler breeds

Crossbreed cattle

7 269 milliers de têtes

Calves bearth in FranceYear 2010/2011

Suckler breedsDairy breedsCrossbreed cattle

3 3952 8101 064

In thousands of headsIn thousands of headsIn thousands of heads

Breeds

17


18

C. Sheep breeding

19951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011

1 2841 2811 3051 3141 2971 2741 3251 3161 3071 3001 3041 2851 2841 2711 3071 3241 298

5 5515 3465 3415 2325 1575 1154 9024 7834 6404 5834 5064 3704 2033 8943 7403 9813 818

Dairy sheep Suckler sheepThousands of heads

Source: The Office of Statistics and Studies (SSP)December surveys

Less than 100 sheepFrom 100 to 200From 200 to 500From 500 to 700More than 700 sheep

29,9 %24,2 %35,8 %6,4 %3,7 %

8,2 %14,2 %46,9 %15,3 %15,4 %

Number of farmers Number of sheepHerd size

Source: FranceAgriMer (The French agricultural office)PBC 2011 (Award granted to sheeps and goats)

3,8

1,3

Million of heads

Million of heads

Suckler sheep

Dairy sheep

French herd in december 2011Herd (2011)

19

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

In th

ousa

nds o

f hea

ds I. C. Sheep breeding

Source: The Office of Statistics and Studies (SSP)December surveys

Suckler sheepDairy sheep

Herd (2011)

20

I. C. Sheep breedingHerd (2011)

United Kingdom

Spain

RomaniaIta

ly

GreeceFra

nce

Ireland

Portugal

Bulgaria

Germany

The Netherlands

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

In th

ousa

nds o

f hea

ds

39,3

24,7

Million of heads

Million of heads

Suckler sheep

Dairy sheep

Reproductive herds in EU27Suckler sheepDairy sheep

21

I. C. Sheep breeding





Scale of suckler sheep

Herd (2011)

22

I. C. Sheep cattle

Herd (2011)



From 200 to 400 heads


Scale of dairy cows

23

Herd (2011)AlsaceAquitaineAuvergneLower-NormandyBurgundyBrittanyCentre regionChampagne-ArdenneCorsicaFranche-ComtéUpper-NormandyIle-de-FranceLanguedoc RoussillonLimousinLorraineMidi PyrénéesNord - Pas-de-CalaisPays de la LoirePicardiePoitou-CharentesProvence-Alpes-Côte d’AzurRhône-Alpes

30,4134,7381,683,8169,654,8140,493,98,649,164,49,1170,7373,1171,5679,137,2108,067,6441,1576,6297,5

Suckler sheep Dairy cowsRegion

Source: The Office of Statistics and Studies (SSP)2010 Agricultural census

I. C. Sheep breeding0,1474,17,60,70,92,71,41,183,30,40,60,095,71,20,3697,60,41,30,10,07,69,8

24

Est à laine de Mérinos

Tarasconaise

Berrichonne du Cher

Causse du lot

Limousine

Vendéenne

Rouge de l'Ouest

Mérinos d'Arles

Ile de France

Péalpe du Sud

Texel

Charrollaise

Blanche du massif central

Lacaune meat line

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Number of meat breeds, in thousands of sheep I. C. Sheep breeding

Meat-type

25

Basco Béarnaise

Corsican sheep

Black Face Manech

Red Face Manech

Lacaune dairy line

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Number of meat-type breeds, in thousands sheep I. C. Elevage ovin

Dairy

26

I. C. Sheep breeding

Breeds

27

D. Goat breedingHerd (2011)

Million caprines,of which 90% are goats

~1,38

Poitou-CharentesMidi-PyrénéesRhône-AlpesCentrePays de la Loire

Proportion of the 5 regions

217

2212

5

68

347

1314

8

77

247

2514

6

75

379

141310

82

219

2212

7

71

3411111213

81

Farms≥ 10 goats

20052000 2011Farms Goats Farms Goats Farms Goats

*Herd survey covering 12 regions in 2000 and 13 regions in 2005 and 2011

28

I. D. Goat breeding

Herd (2011)

10 to 49 goats50 to 99 goats100 to 199 goats200 goats and more

Number

472321

9

8 400

14203531

695 000

31232719

695 000

7143247

715 000

26192828

5 500

59

2661

845 000

20052000 2011Farms Goats Farms Goats Farms Goats

Farms≥ 10 goats

29

I. D. Goat breedingDairy breeds

Other breeds (less than 50)

Saanen goat

Alpine

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

30

E. Pig breeding Herd (2011) in thousands of heads

From 0 to 200

From 200 to 500

From 1 000 to 2 000

More than 2 000

Scale (in thousand of heads)

From 500 to 1 000

Ille-de-FranceChampagne-ArdennePicardyUpper-NormandyCentreLower-NormandyBurgundyNord – Pas-de-CalaisLorraineAlsaceFranche-ComtéPays de la LoireBrittanyPoitou-CharentesAquitaineMidi-PyrénéesLimousinRhône-AlpesAuvergneLanguedoc-RoussillonProvence-Alpes-Côte d’AzurCorsica

81821311443285941374891001001121 5117 898392414433149295248292365

Number of pigsRegion

31

I. E. Pig breeding

Germany

SpainFrance

Poland

Danemark

The Netherla

ndsIta

ly

Belgium-Lux

Romania

United Kingdom

Hungary

Austria

Portugal

Czech

Republic

Sweden0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

Herd (2011)

32

I. E. Pig breedingHerd (2011)

13,9 148,5 799,9France EU27 WorldHerd in2011

in millions of heads

Source : Commission européenne, USDA

ChinaEUNorth AmericaBrazilRussia+UkraineJapan+South KoreaOther

477,1150,8

85,836,725,218,2

9,1

en milliers de têtes

EU2719%

North America (USA, Canada,

Mexico)11%

Brazil5%

Russia+Ukraine3%

Japan+South Korea2%

Other1%

Chine59%

33

I. E. Pig breeding

BreedPredominance of commercial crossbreeding systems

Alliance of maternal performance and carcass qualities

40 – 100 pigs100 – 200 pigs> 200 pigs

26,0%46,0%28,0%

10,0 %34,5 %55,5 %

Number of farms2900t

Herd1,1 million

Farm size

Source : SSP

50 – 400 pigs400 – 1 500 pigs> 1 500 pigs

39,1%36,0%24,9%

8,8%29,6%61,6%

Number of farms12 250

Herd13,8 millions

Farm size

Source : SSP

Distribution of sow numbers Distribution of fattening pig numbers

28% of breeders own 55% of herd.

34

F. Poultry FarmingMillion heads in 2011296

Pays de la Loire24%

Poitou-Charentes

5%

Rhône Alpes4%

Centre region6%

Aquitaine5%Burgundy

4%

Other13%

Brittany39%

35

I. F. Poultry farming

1,86 12,4 101,6Source : FAO

France EU27 WorldGross indigenous poultry productionIn million of tec

FranceGermanyUnited KingdomPolandSpainItalyThe NetherlandsHungaryRomaniaPortugal

1 8641 6631 5581 3301 2781 232

762396350331

Sources: The European Commission, SSP, MEG, UNA, DEFRA

ProductionIn thousands of cwe(Carcass Weight Equivalent)

France

Germany

United Kingdom

PolandSpain

Italy

The Netherla

nds

Hungary

Romania

Portugal

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000In thousands of tec

36


from 0,5 % to 1 %

from 1 % to 2 %

from 2 % to 4 %

More than 6 %

Regional proportion

Less than 0,5 %

from 4 % to 6 %

All poultry meat / 2008 / % of agricultural land

Source: ITAVI production according to AGRESTE - 2008 aviculture survey

37


From 1 % to 2 %

From 2 % to 3 %

From 3 % to 4 %

More than 6 %

Regional proportion

Less than 1 %

From 4 % to 6 %

Broilers


38


From 1,00 to 2,00

From 2,00 to 3,00

From 3,00 to 4,00

From 20,00 to 31,14

Regional proportion

From 0,00 to 1,00

From 4,00 to 20,00

Roasting ducks


39


From 1 to 2 %

From 2 to 4 %

From 4 to 6 %

More than 15 %

Regional proportion

Less than 1 %

From 6 to 15 %

Force-fed ducks


40


From 1 to 2 %

From 2 to 4 %

From 4 to 6 %

More than 20 %

Regional proportion

Less than 1 %

From 6 to 20 %

Turkey hens and cocks


41


From 1 to 2 %

From 2 to 4 %

From 4 to 6 %

More than 8 %

Regional proportion

Less than 1 %

From 6 to 8 %

Guinea fowls


42


From 2 to 4 %

From 4 to 6 %

From 6 to 8 %

More than 20 %

Regional proportion

Less than 2 %

From 8 to 20 %

Egg-laying hens


43


BREEDING HENSChicken: 6.4 million heads

Turkey hen: 1.5 million headsGuinea fowl: 378,000 heads

DAY-OLD POULTRIESChicken: 91 hatcheries - 793 million chicks

Turkey hen: 17 hatcheries - 118 million turkey poultsDuck(1): 36 hatcheries - 100 million ducklings

ANIMAL HUSBANDRIES10,000 chicken(2) breeding3,900 turkey-hen breeding

1,700 duck breeding1,600 guinea fowl breeding

PRODUCTION

Chicken: 973,300 CWE(3)turkey-hen: 624,300 CWE

Duck: 226,500 CWEGuinea fowl: 47,200 CWE

SLAUGHTERS

Chicken: 97 slaughterhouses(4) - 897,200 CWETurkey-hen: 32 slaughterhouses - 614,500 CWE

Duck: 226,500 CWEGuinea fowl: 36 slaughterhouses - 36,000 CWE

POULTRY FEED PRODUCTIONChicken: 3.2 million tons

Turkey-hen: 2.2 million tonsDuck: 1.4 million tons

LIVE EXPORTSChicken: 45,400 CWE

Turkey-hen: 2,300 CWEDuck: 600 CWE

Guinea fowl: 5,400 CWE

LIVE IMPORTSChicken: 4,200 CWE

Turkey hen: 1,900 CWEDuck: 100 CWE

EXPORTSChicken: 394,900 CWE

Turkey-hen: 265,100 CWEDuck: 50,700 CWE

Guinea fowl: 2,600 CWE

IMPORTSChicken: 199,700 CWE

Turkey-hen: 27,500 CWEDuck: 12,100 CWE

Guinea fowl: 100 CWE

44

G. Rabbit breeding

ItalySpainFranceCzech RepublicGermany

240,074,255,938,532,0

EU gross indigenous production

ItalySpainFranceCzech RepublicGermany

240,074,255,938,532,0

Major world farmers

In thousands of heads

Source : FAOSTAT, SSP

Source : FAOSTAT

Italy Spain France Czech Republic Germany0

50

100

150

200

250

300In thousands of heads

56 459 1 840

France EU27 World

2008 Production in thousands of tec

In thousands of heads

45

I. G. Rabbit breeding

Pays de la LoireBrittanyPoitou-CharentesRhône-AlpesMidi-PyrénéesAuvergneLower-NormandyNord – Pas-de-CalaisCentre regionAquitaineOtherTotale FRANCE

320220122

72615755503728

1651 187

Source : SSP

Number of breeding rabbitsIn thousands of tec

Pays de la Loire27%

Brittany19%

Poitou-Charentes10%

Rhône-Alpes6%

Midi-Pyrénées5%

Auvergne5%

Lower-Normandy5%

Nord – Pas-de-Calais4%

Centre region3%

Aquitaine2%

Other14%

More than half of farming rabbits are bred in three regions in Northwest France.

46

H. Equines

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000

Saddle, sport, leisure and race horses

Draft horses

Source: SSP - Annual agricultural statistics

47

I. H. Equines

French Herd in decembre 2011

Total France Total outside farms

582 300 158 100horses horses

49 400donkeys, mules and hinnies

16 700donkeys, mules and hinnies

48

I. H. Equines





Scale draft horses

49

I. H. Equines





Scale Saddle, sport, leisure and race horses

introduction to zootechnics animal husbandry : structures, herds

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