introduction to programming · chapter 1: introduction to programming ... programming language...

Prepared for:

CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTION TO

PROGRAMMING

CSC 128 – Fundamentals of Computer Problem

Solving

© Najwa Abd Ghafar – UiTM

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OBJECTIVES OF THIS CHAPTER

In this chapter, you will learn about:

What is a computer

The components of a computer system

What is a computer program

Programming Languages


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Do you think

computers are

dumb or intelligent?


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Computer

System

Hardware:

Consists of all the physical

devices

Software (Computer

Program):

Consists of all the instructions

that tell the computer how to

perform tasks


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Computer

Program

Is a set of instructions that tells a

computer what to do

Get a glass

Add water

Add a lemon

Add sugar

Taste it


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Computer

Program

Programmer

Programming


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COMPUTER

What is a Computer?

Is an electronic machine that will:

1. Receive data (input)

2. Store and manipulate those data

(process)

3. Produce useful information

(output)


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COMPUTER SYSTEM

Components of a Computer System:

1. Hardware:

Input and Output Devices

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Main Memory

Secondary Storage

2. Software:

Operating System

Application Software


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COMPUTER SYSTEM

Input:

Are data that is entered into the computer using an input

device

Input Devices:

Are used to send or enter data into a computer

For example:

Keyboard

Mouse


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COMPUTER SYSTEM

Processing:

Are the task of performing operations inside the computer

system and this is carried out by the CPU

Central Processing Unit (CPU):

Is the “brain” of the computer

Because it is responsible in handling all the instructions you give

your computer through a computer program

It performs:

Arithmetical and logical operations

Input/output operations


JohorCOMPUTER SYSTEM

Central Processing Unit (CPU):

Consists of 2 main components:

1. Control Unit (CU):

Is responsible in directing the operations within the processor

by:

Telling the computer's memory, arithmetic/logic unit and

input and output devices how to respond to a program's

instructions

2. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU):

Is responsible in performing:

Arithmetical operations

(E.g.: addition, subtraction,

multiplication and division)

Logical operations (comparison)

(E.g.: equal to, not equal to, less than,

greater than etc.)


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COMPUTER SYSTEM

Storage:

Is the process of saving data and instructions inside the

computer system

There are 2 types of storage:

1. Main Memory / Primary Storage

2. Secondary Storage

Main Memory:

Also known as Random Access Memory (RAM)

Will hold data and program instructions for data processing

Will hold processed information before it is displayed as output

Is a temporary storage because its content will be lost once the

computer is turned off


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COMPUTER SYSTEM

Secondary Storage:

Is the device that stores information permanently

For example:

Hard disks

Floppy disks

CD-ROMs

Thumb Drive


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COMPUTER SYSTEM

Output:

Are any information or results produced by the computer

system and are displayed using output devices

Output Devices:

Are used to display data which has been processed or has been

stored on the computer

For example:

Monitor

Printer


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COMPUTER SYSTEM

Software:

Is a computer program, which will direct the computer to do

the tasks you want it to do and to produce the results you want

There are 2 types of software, which are:

1. Operating System

Is a program that will control and manage

all the other programs inside the computer

For example:

Windows OS, Mac OS, Linux OS

2. Application Software

Is a program that will provide

services to the user

For example:

Word processing, games, web browsers


JohorPROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

How do we talk to a Computer?

Computers only understand Machine

Language

Machine Language:

Data and instructions are represented in a series of 0’s and 1’s

(binary code)

For example: To code wages = rates x hours in Machine Language

will be:

100100 0000 010001

100110 0000 010010

100010 0000 010011



Assembly Language:

Instructions are represented using an easy-to-remember form

called mnemonic and is slightly easier to use than Machine

Language (more readable)

For example:

However, an assembler is used to translates a program written in

assembly language into an equivalent program in machine

language

For example: To code wages = rates x hours in Assembly Language

will be:

LOAD R1, rate

MULT R1, hour

STOR R1, wages



High Level Language:

It enables programmers to program using English-like syntax and

is a lot easier to read, write and maintained

For example: To code wages = rates x hours in High Level

Language will be:

wages = rates * hours;

However, a compiler will be used to translates a program written

in high level language language into an equivalent program in

machine language

Example of High Level Language:

C++, Java, COBOL, Fortran


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THINGS TO KEEP IN MIND

introduction to programming · chapter 1: introduction to programming ... programming language...

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