introduction to newark professor barr honor seminar: topics in urban economics
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Introduction to NewarkIntroduction to Newark
Professor BarrProfessor Barr
Honor Seminar: Topics in Urban Honor Seminar: Topics in Urban EconomicsEconomics
Newark’s Neighborhoods MapNewark’s Neighborhoods Map
Newark’s Wards MapNewark’s Wards Map
Political StructurePolitical Structure
5 wards: North, South, East, West and 5 wards: North, South, East, West and Central.Central.
9 council members are elected on a nonpartisan basis for terms of 4 years: – one council member from each of 5 wards – and 4 council members on an at-large basis.
The mayor is also elected for a term of 4 years.
Next Mayoral election 2006.
Time Line: 1666-1900Time Line: 1666-1900
1666: Newark is founded 1666: Newark is founded 16661666 by by ConnecticutConnecticut PuritansPuritans led by led by Robert TreatRobert Treat. .
1815: 1815: Seth Seth BoydenBoyden moves to Newark. moves to Newark. 1831: Construction of 1831: Construction of Morris CanalMorris Canal.. 1836: Incorporated as City.1836: Incorporated as City. Mid-late 18Mid-late 18thth c: Newark becomes industrial c: Newark becomes industrial
powerhouse and home to many European powerhouse and home to many European Immigrants.Immigrants.
Time Line: 20Time Line: 20thth Century Century
1902: 1902: John Cotton DanaJohn Cotton Dana becomes head of Newark Public becomes head of Newark Public Library.Library.
1910 – 1950s: Large Black migration from South.1910 – 1950s: Large Black migration from South. 1928: Newark Airport begins operation.1928: Newark Airport begins operation. 1930s: Population peaks at more than 440,000.1930s: Population peaks at more than 440,000. 1960s: Newark becomes ‘majority minority’ city.1960s: Newark becomes ‘majority minority’ city. 1967: Riots.1967: Riots. 1970: Ken Gibson elected Newark’s first black Mayor.1970: Ken Gibson elected Newark’s first black Mayor. 1986: Sharpe James first elected Mayor.1986: Sharpe James first elected Mayor. 1997: NJPAC.1997: NJPAC. 1990s: Newark’s economic and business climate begins to 1990s: Newark’s economic and business climate begins to
rebound (The ‘Newark Renaissance’).rebound (The ‘Newark Renaissance’). 2000: Population bottoms out at about 273,000.2000: Population bottoms out at about 273,000.
Newark’s Population GrowthNewark’s Population Growth
0
100
200
300
400
500
1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2003
Newark's Population, 1830 - 2003
Thousands of People
Year
Newark’s Growth vs. Other Cities in Area Newark’s Growth vs. Other Cities in Area
0.0
3.0
6.0
9.0
1790 1840 1890 1940 1990
NYC
Philadelphia
Newark
Population of NYC, Philadelphia and Newark, 1790 - 2003
Millions of People
NYC annexes Brooklyn
YearSource: census.gov
Job GrowthJob Growth
Job Growth (Loss), 1949-1996Job Growth (Loss), 1949-1996
Source: 1997 Development…
More job growthMore job growth
Population Ranking: Selected CitiesPopulation Ranking: Selected CitiesNote: 239 Cities with >=100,000 peopleNote: 239 Cities with >=100,000 people
City State 2000 Pop. Rank
New York NY 8,008,278 1
Los Angeles CA 3,694,820 2
Chicago IL 2,896,016 3
Houston TX 1,953,631 4
Philadelphia PA 1,517,550 5
Detroit MI 951,270 10
Boston MA 589,141 20
NewarkNewark NJNJ 273,546273,546 6363
Jersey City NJ 240,055 72
Paterson NJ 149,222 138
Elizabeth NJ 120,568 182
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Density Rankings: Selected CitiesDensity Rankings: Selected Cities
CityPersons per
Sq. Mile Rank
New York, NY 26,404 1
Paterson, NJ 17,765 2
San Francisco, CA 16,632 3
Jersey City, NJ 16,111 4
Cambridge, MA 15,837 5
Boston, MA 12,172 10
Newark, NJNewark, NJ 11,49411,494 1313
Elizabeth, NJ 9,883 18
Percent Black or African AmericanPercent Black or African American
City % Black Rank
Gary, IN 84.0 1
Detroit, MI 81.6 2
Birmingham, AL 73.5 3
Jackson y, MS 70.6 4
New Orleans, LA 67.3 5
Newark, NJNewark, NJ 53.553.5 1212
Paterson, NJ 32.9 47
New York, NY 26.6 64
Jersey City, NJ 28.3 58
Elizabeth, NJ 20.0 85
Rank of City % Renters, 2000Rank of City % Renters, 2000
City % Renters Rank
Newark, NJNewark, NJ 76.276.2 11
Hartford, CT 75.4 2
Jersey City, NJ 71.8 3
New Haven, CT 70.4 4
Elizabeth, NJ 70.3 5
New York, NY 69.8 6
Paterson, NJ 68.5 7
2000 Unemployment2000 Unemployment
City % Unemployed Rank
Fresno, CA 12.9 1
Salinas, CA 12.6 2
Stockton, CA 10.4 3
Brownsville, TX 10.1 4
McAllen city, TX 9.7 5
Newark city, NJNewark city, NJ 8.18.1 1111
Jersey City, NJ 7.1 21
Elizabeth city, NJ 6.5 31
New York city, NY 5.7 44
Retail Sales per Capita, 1997Retail Sales per Capita, 1997
City 1997 Sales Rank
Bellevue, WA 26,682 1
Clearwater, FL 25,606 2
Knoxville, TN 23,349 3
Costa Mesa, CA 23,014 4
Torrance, CA 22,224 5
Jersey City, NJ 6,662 195
New York, NY 5,677 213
Newark, NJNewark, NJ 3,4193,419 236236
Paterson, NJ 2,752 239
Comparison of Newark and New Comparison of Newark and New Jersey Jersey
Newark vs. New JerseyNewark vs. New Jersey(2000 unless noted)(2000 unless noted)
Variable Newark N.J.
Population 273,546 8,414,350
% White 26.5% 72.6%
% Black or African American 53.5% 13.6%
% Hispanic 29.5% 13.3%
% Asian 1.2% 5.7%
% Pop. Change from 1990 to 2000 -0.6% 8.6%
% Living in same house from 1995 to 2000', age 5+ 54.4% 59.8%
% Foreign born 24.1% 17.5%
% Speak Lang. other than Eng. at home, age 5+ 42.6% 25.5%
Source: http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/34/3451000.html
Newark vs. N.J. cont.Newark vs. N.J. cont.(2000 unless noted)(2000 unless noted)
Variable Newark N.J.
% High school graduates, age 25+ 57.9% 82.1%
% Bachelor's degree or higher, age 25+ 9.0% 29.8%
Homeownership rate 23.8% 65.6%
Median value of owner-occupied housing units $119,000 $170,800
Median household income, 1999 $26,913 $55,146
Per capita income, 1999 $13,009 $27,006
% Below poverty, 1999 28.40% 8.50%
Source: http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/34/3451000.html
Newark vs. New JerseyNewark vs. New Jersey(2000 unless noted)(2000 unless noted)
Retail sales per capita, 1997 $3,419 $9,922
Total number of firms, 1997 10,514 654,227
Firms Per 1,000 Persons 38.4 77.8
% Minority-owned firms, 1997 37.8% 15.6%
% Women-owned firms, 1997 19.6% 23.7%
Persons per square mile (density) 11,495 1,134
Source: http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/34/3451000.html
Newark Census Tract MapsNewark Census Tract Maps
PopulationPopulation
% Black% Black
% White% White
% Hispanic% Hispanic
Median Household IncomeMedian Household Income
% Unemployed% Unemployed
% Vacant Units% Vacant Units
% of Residents 25+ with Bachelor’s Degree% of Residents 25+ with Bachelor’s Degree
% of HHs w/ Female Head in Pov.% of HHs w/ Female Head in Pov.
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003
0
10
20
30
40
50
Newark Crime Rates, 1985 - 2003
Murder and Manslaughter Rate
Violent Crime Rate
Violent C
rimes
Murder R
ateCrime Rate: # Crimes per 100,000 residents
Newark’s Crime vs. U.S. 1985 - 2003Newark’s Crime vs. U.S. 1985 - 2003
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003
Newark's Violent Crime Rate vs. U.S., 1985 - 2000
Violent Crimes per 100,000 people
Year
Newark
U.S.
source: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/welcome.html
Housing PermitsHousing Permits
0
200
400
600
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Total Housing Permits
Single Family Units Permits
Year
Newark Housing Permits Issued, 1996 - 2004
Source:http://censtats.census.gov/bldg/bldgprmt.shtml