introduction to music - mridangam
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Introduction to Music - Mridangam. M. Ramanathan Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras http://ed.iitm.ac.in/~raman/. Brief history Importance of rhythm Why Mridangam – importance of layam Parts of mridangam , Variations – size, kappi / kutchi - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Lecture on Mridangam
Introduction to Music - Mridangam
M. RamanathanDepartment of Engineering Design,
Indian Institute of Technology Madrashttp://ed.iitm.ac.in/~raman/
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
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• Brief history• Importance of rhythm• Why Mridangam – importance of layam• Parts of mridangam, • Variations – size, kappi/kutchi• Thaalam• Role of mridangam in a concert• Thani avarthanam• Other percussion instruments
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
Lecture on Mridangam
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Lecture on Mridangam
Sample carnatic concert
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
• Play sample concert 1 – Mine• Play sample concert 1 – Mandolin• Play sample concert 2 – M.S.• Tabla and Thavil also has been used – esp.
by Srinivas
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Lecture on Mridangam
History• traced to an archetypical mridang• both masculine and feminine characters• Brahma as an accompanying Taala
instrument while Lord Paramashiva wa dancing after Thripura samharam
• was first played by Lord Ganesha?• Lord Nandi (the Bull God), the escort of
Lord Shiva was a master percussionist (during Taandav).
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
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Lecture on Mridangam
Rhythm
• Esp. in carnatic music – allows innovations and variations
• Shruti Mata Laya Pita
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
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Lecture on Mridangam
Parts of mridangam
• Jack tree or Rosewood• Left, middle and right• Left – Rava mixed with water is used.• Right – Meetu and Chappu skins.• Karanai – mixture of manganese powder,
rice and iron powder• Strips connecting the two.
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
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Variations in mridangam
• Large/smaller right diameter, length. Dia inversely proportional to pitch.
• Thagu Shruthi (24 to 26 in. and dia 6.5 to 7.5) and the other is Sthaayi Shruthi (20 to 22 in., and dia. 6 to 7).
• Kuchi (used typically by Sivaraman, vellore Ramabhadram) – with slender grass pieces that are inserted for better sound quality, which kappi does not have (mostly K. Mani, Raghu, TK Moorthy uses)Introduction to Music,
IIT MadrasLecture on Mridangam
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Lecture on Mridangam
Thaalam
• Tool for measuring the tempo and also to some extent the structure of the song.
• Maintaining the rhythm or the beats of a song constant.
• Reflects the mood of that song.
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
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Lecture on Mridangam
Thaalam construction
• SasapthaKriyai and NisapthaKriyai• Sasapthakriyai part in a thaalam produces
sounds• (Demonstration)• Shadangaas and Shodashaangaas
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
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Lecture on Mridangam
Thaalam• Thattu - the downward beat with the palm
facing down• Veechchu - the wave (sometimes the
downward beat with the palm facing up)• Finger Counts - counts start with the little
finger and the no. of counts depends on the type of the thaalam.
• Aksharam - Each beat of a thaalam is termed as "One Aksharam” (depends!).
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
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Lecture on Mridangam
SHADANGAA - Six Angaas"
• Laghu - A Laghu is one thattu followed by a specified number of counts.
• Dhrutham - It is one thattu followed by one veechu.
• Anudhrutham - It consists of just one thattu.
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
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Lecture on Mridangam
Other three• Guru - It consists of a thattu and for the
remaining aksharas(depends on the type of Thaalam) hand (closed one) will be rotated in a circular motion.
• Plutham - It consists of one thattu, one krishyai and one sarpini.
• Kakapaadham - It consists of one thattu, One padhagam, one krishyai and one sarpini.
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
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Lecture on Mridangam
• 1 krshyai - Has 4 aksharams and is represented by waving the hand towards left.
• 1 sarpini - Has 4 aksharams and is represented by waving the hand towards right.
• 1 pathakam - Has 4 aksharams and is represented by raising the hand vertically.
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
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Lecture on Mridangam
Five jaathis – variations in Laghu
• Chathurashra Jaathi – 1 + 3• Thisra Jaathi – 1 + 2• Kanta Jaathi – 1 + 4• Mishra Jaathi – 1 + 6• Sankeerna Jaathi – 1 + 8
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
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Lecture on Mridangam
Various type of Thaalam
• Soolathi saptha thaalam• Desadhi and Madhyadhi thaalam• Chappu Thaalam• Navasandhi Thaalam• Simhanandhanam and Sarapanandhana
Thaalams• Aparoopa Thaalam
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
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Soolathi Saptha Thaalam• Dhruvam - laghu,dhrutham,laghu,laghu - 1011
- 14 • Matyam - laghu,dhrutham,laghu - 101 – 10• Roopakam - dhrutham,laghu - 01 – 6• Jhampa - laghu,anudhrutham,dhrutham - 1U0
– 10• Thriputa - laghu,dhrutham,dhrutham - 100 – 7• Ata - laghu,laghu,dhrutham,dhrutham - 1100 –
14• Ekam - laghu - 1 - 4
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
Lecture on Mridangam
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Lecture on Mridangam
Small Exercise
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
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CHAPPU THAALAM
• Mishra chappu (3+4) - 3 swaras for first thattu and 4 swaras for second thattu
• Kanta chappu (2+3)• Thisra chappu (1+2)• Sankeerna chappu (3+6)
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
Lecture on Mridangam
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Lecture on Mridangam
Aavarthanam and Two Kalai
• Adi Thaalam • Two Kalai
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
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Lecture on Mridangam
Create new Thaalam?
• Discuss its structure and aksharams.
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
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Lecture on Mridangam
Basic strokes of Mridangam• Tha, Thi, Thom, Nam (Palani and Tanjore)
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
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Lecture on Mridangam
Basic strokes of Mridangam
• Ta, Dhim, Chappu – Full, Half
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
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Lecture on Mridangam
Strokes of Mridangam
• Using Gumki on the left, one can create different sounds.
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
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Lecture on Mridangam
Nadai
• Combination of basic strokes• Used for following (accompanying) a song • Keezhkalam, Madhyama Kaalam and Mel
kaalam• Chatushram, thisram, kantam, mishram and
sankeernam
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
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Lecture on Mridangam
Korvai
• Poorvanga and Utahraanga• Splitting the aksharams into different
patterns• Basic math skill• Karvai (not Korvai!!)
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
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Playing for a song
• Pallavi/Charanam• Swaram• Chitta-Swaram• Ragam Tanam Pallavi
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
Lecture on Mridangam
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Lecture on Mridangam
Typical Thaniavarthanam• Chathurashra Nadai – Korvai (slightly
bigger – few avarthanams, repeated three times)
• Thishra Nadai – Korvai • Korappu (employed when more than one
percussionist involved)• Mohra• Mukthayam
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
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Lecture on Mridangam
Eduppu vs. Samam
• Example – Endharo• ½, 1, 1 ½, ¾• In Thani – Eduppu to Eduppu or Samam to
Eduppu
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras
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Lecture on Mridangam
Other percussion
• Thavil• Chenda• Maddalam• Kanjira• Morsing• Tabla• PakhawajIntroduction to Music, IIT Madras
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Lecture on Mridangam
Movie songs where percussionbeen employed
• Capture different Rasas
Introduction to Music, IIT Madras