introduction to medical terminology - amazon s3 · · 2016-07-01medical terminology chapter 1 ......
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Introduction to
Medical Terminology
Chapter 1
PowerPoint Lecture Notes to Accompany Medical Terminology Express, Second Edition Barbara A. Gylys ∙ Regina M. Masters
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Introduction
Welcome to the PowerPoint® for Medical Terminology Express: A Short-Course Approach by Body System, Second Edition. This presentation consists of a chapter overview with interactive exercises based on chapter content and relevant images for each body system chapter in the text. Content slides contain a navigation bar along the left border to allow for single-click, quick, and slick movement throughout the presentation.
We hope you enjoy this presentation and find it to be a useful addition to the Express suite of learning resources.
— Barbara A. Gylys Regina M. Masters
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Overview
Medical Terminology
Specialized language used by health care providers.
Four elements are used to build medical words:
– Word root (WR)
– Combining form (CF)
– Suffix
– Prefix
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Overview
Medical Terminology (continued)
Three rules of word building.
Defining medical words.
Pronunciation guidelines.
Plural suffixes.
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Word Root (WR) Foundation of a medical word that contains its
main meaning. Usually derived from Latin or Greek language. Most medical words contain at least one WR.
– hepat in hepat/itis – tonsill in tonsill/ectomy – gastr in gastr/oma – laryng in laryng/itis
1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Word Elements
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Word Elements
Combining Form (CF) Created when a WR is combined with a vowel,
known as a combining vowel. – Combining vowel usually an o, but sometimes an
i or an e.
Difficulty pronouncing certain combinations of WRs requires insertion of a vowel.
No meaning of its own but enables two or more word elements to be connected.
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Word Elements
Combining Form
mamm/o in mamm/o/gram
psych/o in psych/o/logy
laryng/o in laryng/o/spasm
hepat/o in hepat/o/megaly
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Word Elements
Suffix
Word element at the end of a word.
Changes the meaning of a medical word.
Contained in most medical words.
Usually an indication of a pathology, condition, symptom, therapeutic or diagnostic procedure, or part of speech.
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Word Elements
Suffix -ectomy in append/ectomy
-itis in appendic/itis
-oma in neur/oma
-tomy in crani/o/tomy
-scope in gastr/o/scope
-oma in gastr/oma
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Word Elements
Prefix
Word element at the beginning of a word.
Many are the same as those used in the English language.
Changes the meaning of a medical word.
Not contained in all medical words.
Usually an indication of a number, time, position, measurement, direction, or negation.
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Word Elements
Prefix hyper- in hyper/tension
hemi- in hemi/plegia
epi- in epi/derm/al
post- in post/nat/al
inter- in inter/cost/al
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Medical Words
Three steps for defining medical words.
1. Define the suffix first.
2. Define the first part of the word (WR, CF, or prefix).
3. Define the middle part of the word (WR or CF).
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Medical Words Exercise
1. gastr/itis:
2. oste/o/arthr/itis:
3. poly/neur/itis:
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Medical Words Exercise
1. gastr/itis: inflammation of the stomach
2. oste/o/arthr/itis: inflammation of the bone and joint
3. poly/neur/itis: inflammation of many nerves
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Medical Words Exercise
4. append/ectomy:
5. gastr/ectomy:
6. mast/ectomy:
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Medical Words Exercise
4. append/ectomy: excision of the appendix
5. gastr/ectomy: excision of the stomach (either all or partial)
6. mast/ectomy: excision of a breast
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Building Medical Words
Three rules for building medical words. Rule 1: WR links a suffix that begins with a
vowel.
Rule 2: CF (root + o) links a suffix that begins with a consonant.
Rule 3: CF (root + o) links a root to another root to form a compound word. – Rule 3 holds true even if the next root begins with
a vowel, as in gastr/o/intestin/al.
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Building Medical Words Exercise
Determine which of the three rules for building medical words applies to the following terms.
1. arthr/itis
2. gastr/o/intestin/al
3. hepat/o/cyte
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Building Medical Words Exercise
1. arthr/itis Rule 1: A root links a suffix that begins with a vowel.
2. gastr/o/intestin/al Rule 3: A CF links a root to another root to form a compound word; a root links a suffix that begins with a vowel.
3. hepat/o/cyte Rule 2: A CF links a suffix that begins with a consonant.
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Pronunciation Guidelines
Pronunciation guidelines are located in the back of the textbook.
Pronunciation Help table is located at the end of the Word Elements and Pharmacology tables in each body system chapter.
Diacritical marks and capitalization are used to aid pronunciation of terms throughout the text and to help you understand pronunciation marks used in most dictionaries.
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Surgical Suffixes
Suffixes associated with surgical procedures.
append/ectomy
arthr/o/centesis
lith/o/tripsy
rhin/o/plasty
oste/o/tome
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Surgical Suffixes
Suffixes associated with surgical procedures.
arthr/o/desis
thromb/o/lysis
mast/o/pexy
trache/o/stomy
trache/o/tomy
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1. excision, removal:
2. surgical puncture:
3. crushing:
4. separation; destruction; loosening:
1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Surgical Suffixes Exercise
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Surgical Suffixes Exercise
1. excision, removal: -ectomy
2. surgical puncture: -centesis
3. crushing: -tripsy
4. separation; destruction; loosening: -lysis
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Surgical Suffixes Exercise
5. incision:
6. fixation (of an organ):
7. suture:
8. surgical repair:
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Surgical Suffixes Exercise
5. incision: -tomy
6. fixation (of an organ): -pexy
7. suture: -rrhaphy
8. surgical repair: -plasty
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Surgical Suffixes Exercise
9. forming an opening (mouth):
10. binding, fixation (of a bone or joint):
11. instrument to cut:
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Surgical Suffixes Exercise
9. forming an opening (mouth): -stomy
10. binding, fixation (of a bone or joint): -desis
11. instrument to cut: -tome
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Diagnostic Suffixes
Suffixes associated with diagnostic procedures.
electr/o/cardio/gram (ECG, EKG)
gastr/o/scopy
esophag/o/scope
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Diagnostic Suffixes
Suffixes associated with diagnostic procedures. pelv/i/meter*
cardi/o/graph
angi/o/graphy
pelv/i/metry
* The i in pelv/i/meter is an exception to the rule of using the connecting vowel o.
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Diagnostic Suffixes Exercise
1. instrument for examining:
2. visual examination:
3. instrument for recording:
4. process of recording:
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Diagnostic Suffixes Exercise
1. instrument for examining: -scope
2. visual examination: -scopy
3. instrument for recording: -graph
4. process of recording: -graphy
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Diagnostic Suffixes Exercise
5. instrument for measuring:
6. act of measuring:
7. record, writing:
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Diagnostic Suffixes Exercise
5. instrument for measuring: -meter
6. act of measuring: -metry
7. record, writing: -gram
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Pathological Suffixes
Suffixes associated with an abnormal condition or a disease.
neur/algia
gastr/itis
hem/o/rrhage
cardi/o/megaly
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Pathological Suffixes
Suffixes associated with an abnormal condition or a disease.
hepat/o/cele
lymph/edema
myo/pathy
dia/rrhea
neur/oma
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Pathological Suffixes Exercise
1. pain:
2. formation, growth:
3. forming, producing, origin:
4. bursting forth (of):
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Pathological Suffixes Exercise
1. pain: -algia, -dynia
2. formation, growth: -plasia, -plasm
3. forming, producing, origin: -gen, -genesis
4. bursting forth (of): -rrhage, -rrhagia
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Pathological Suffixes Exercise
5. swelling:
6. hernia, swelling:
7. stone, calculus:
8. abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells):
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Pathological Suffixes Exercise
5. swelling: -edema
6. hernia, swelling: -cele
7. stone, calculus: -lith
8. abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells): -osis
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Pathological Suffixes Exercise
9. involuntary contraction, twitching:
10. narrowing, stricture:
11. discharge, flow:
12. disease:
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Pathological Suffixes Exercise
9. involuntary contraction, twitching: -spasm
10. narrowing, stricture: -stenosis
11. discharge, flow: -rrhea
12. disease: -pathy
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Pathological Suffixes Exercise
13. inflammation:
14. tumor:
15. rupture:
16. paralysis:
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Pathological Suffixes Exercise
13. inflammation: -itis
14. tumor: -oma
15. rupture: -rrhexis
16. paralysis: -plegia
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Pathological Suffixes Exercise
17. dilation, expansion:
18. vomiting:
19. blood condition:
20. abnormal condition (produced by something specified):
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Pathological Suffixes Exercise
17. dilation, expansion: -ectasis
18. vomiting: -emesis
19. blood condition: -emia
20. abnormal condition (produced by something specified): -iasis
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Grammatical Suffixes
Suffixes attached to word roots to form parts of speech, such as adjectives and nouns.
gastr/ic (adjective)
neur/al (adjective)
obstetr/ician (noun)
pneumon/ia (noun)
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Adjectives and Nouns Exercise
1. Adjective suffixes -ac, -al, -ar, -ary, -ic, -ile, and -ous mean:
2. Noun suffixes -esis, -ia, and -ism mean:
3. Noun suffixes -ician and -ist mean:
4. Noun suffix -iatry means:
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Adjectives and Nouns Exercise
1. Adjective suffixes -ac, -al, -ar, -ary, -ic, -ile, and -ous mean: pertaining to
2. Noun suffixes -esis, -ia, and -ism mean: condition
3. Noun suffixes -ician and -ist mean: specialist
4. Noun suffix -iatry means: medicine; treatment
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Singular Words to Plural Forms
Suffix changes when a word is modified from a singular to a plural form.
diagnosis to diagnoses
bronchus to bronchi
deformity to deformities
pleura to pleurae
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1. thrombus:
2. ovum:
3. fungus:
4. diagnosis:
1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Change Singular Terms to Plural Forms Exercise
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Copyright © 2015. F.A. Davis Company
1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Change Singular Terms to Plural Forms Exercise
1. thrombus: thrombi
2. ovum: ova
3. fungus: fungi
4. diagnosis: diagnoses
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Copyright © 2015. F.A. Davis Company
1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Common Prefixes
Word element placed at the beginning of a word.
Changes the meaning of the word.
Not contained in all medical terms.
Most prefixes same as in the English language.
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1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Common Prefixes Exercise
1. dipl-, diplo-:
2. macro-:
3. homo-, homeo-:
4. mono-, uni-:
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Copyright © 2015. F.A. Davis Company
1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Common Prefixes Exercise
1. dipl-, diplo-: double
2. macro-: large
3. homo-, homeo-: same
4. mono-, uni-: one
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Copyright © 2015. F.A. Davis Company
1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Common Prefixes Exercise
5. micro:
6. circum-, peri-:
7. a-, an-:
8. super-:
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Copyright © 2015. F.A. Davis Company
1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Common Prefixes Exercise
5. micro: small
6. circum-, peri-: around
7. a-, an-: without, not
8. super-: upper, above
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Copyright © 2015. F.A. Davis Company
1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Common Prefixes Exercise
9. post:
10. pre-, pro-:
11. primi-:
12. dia-, trans-:
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Copyright © 2015. F.A. Davis Company
1 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Define Common Prefixes Exercise
9. post: after, behind
10. pre-, pro-: before, in front
11. primi-: first
12. dia-, trans-: through, across
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Copyright © 2015. F.A. Davis Company
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