introduction to japanese language and culture …...kino donna eiga o mimashita ka, ototoi watashi...

Introduction to Japanese Language and CultureProf. Vatsala Misra

Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur

Lecture-35Ashita motto atsuku narimasu (It is going to become very hot tomorrow)

(Refer Slide Time: 00:18)

Hello everybody and welcome to the class once again. I hope that these classes are actually

helping you speak better Japanese and you are learning a lot of things here. So well we will

do something new today, we will learn new forms, new vocabulary, new Kanji characters, but

before that we will go over our assignments as we always do. So well let us see what we have

done.


So the first assignment that we have here is readings for the kanjis and some there was

something in column B over here, they were all jumbled up. So you have to get the correct

reading for the kanji characters. So the first one is kuruma which is first over here you can

see, second is mezu and it is very interesting you have done this kanji character of (FL) and I

am sure you remember it also that what it means, it means hot.

So if you want hot water in Japan you would naturally say (FL) because you have done this

word for hot which is (FL), but for hot water it is not (FL) but it is (FL), so whenever you

want hot water in Japan please say (FL) and not (FL) please remember that. Then we have

(FL) like as you all know you can like a thing, you can like a person status that is the

pronunciation (FL).

Then we have (FL) one thing I would like to tell you over here is that please do not use (FL)

for a lady (FL) though the meaning is woman, but it does not sound very nice if you say (FL),

it is always (FL) which we did in one of our previous lessons. Then we have (FL) and of

course (FL) is very informal for your own mother, you could also say (FL) and for someone

else mother you would say okasan, please remember.


Then we have (FL) which is spring and flu which is winter and then so this was just there to

confuse you, well over here tick the correct spelling from the brackets, so well (FL)

watashiwa minichi chikatersu de kaisha e ikmasu, chika means underground, tetsu means iron

and rails are made of iron, well chikatetsu is underground railway system, mainichi is every

day, chikatetsu de mode of transport.

Roa san wa (FL) hitori de again you have de over here hotori de means alone, eiga o mimasu,

(FL). Then we have sensei wa gai getsu kara ichi nen kan amerika ni imasu. So (FL) from

next month, ichi nen kan Amerika ni imasu. (FL) while during conversation. Basu no naka ni

daremo (FL) you can also end your sentence in plain form it is informal otherwise mass form

is always used. Then michiko san wa (FL) tomodachi to ichi ji kan denwa de

hansashimashita.

De again denwa de with something to perform and identity, then shumatsu ni (FL) e ikimasho

and otosan no kekkon kinenbi no (FL) doko de yarimasho ka, doko de place and de over here

tarimasho is informal for (FL), so yarimasu you talking among family, so well the family

member, so well yaraimasho ka. Now we have kanji characters and the reading are given over

here, let you see what it is.


Yasui, kaeru, annai, jidosha, jidosha is something that operates on its own, which is a vehicle

on wheels, something that moves on its own on wheels isjidosha, generally cars, then we

have o-kane, ne-kin, nen is here and kin is money, so early or annually your income, then o-

shogatsu, matsuri, eki, densha and jibun, jibun means oneself.


Then we have write the readings for the kanji word underline, so kuchi o akete (FL) kudasai,

the words given over here you can check them out, there are 9 words given and I think there

are 8 questions, so one is extra and you can cut that out. So (FL) now you have done this

word (FL) to gift to someone who is lower in 18 back to you, you have also done (FL) to

joining verbs in plain form you have already done over here.

That is exactly what we are doing (FL) please will you kindly do this for macro environment.

So when you are asking for a favour your position is lower and that is you will use (FL) of

course is very very polite as we did much earlier. Then we have (FL) meaning ikimasu so

they are here you can check them out and tick the correct reading. Then there was a

translation for you.


The translation is given I will go home and sleep for a little while watashi wa uchi e kaette

chotto nemasu little while, this novel is interesting, kono shosetsu wa omoshiroi desu adn I

am a little busy, watashi wa chotto isogashii desu, please put the pencil on the box, enpitsu o

hako no ue ni oite kudasai, the verb over here is (FL) I wrote my name on the paper, watashji

wa jibun no name o yoshi ni kakimashita.

On the yoshi is a sheet, please write the name on this sheet kono yoshi ni namae o kaite

kudasai, it is a request. Why are you going to the library, doshite toshokan e ikimasu ka, why

are you late, doshite osoi desu ka, what are your hobbies, shumu wa nan desu ka, I reached

the station at 8 o' clock, watashi wa 8-ji ni eki ni tsukimashita, there are 2 nis over her (FL)

you always use ni before tsukumashita, tsukumashita is to reach place ni tsukumashita.


I cannot eat meat, cannot watashi wa nuku ga taberaremasen (FL). You have more

assignments, fill in the blanks with appropriate particles and question words, doyatte (FL)

doyatte is how not what by means or mode of transport how do you get (FL) from here

basically for directions. Achira no kata wa donate sama desu ka, donate is polite for dara as

you telling you and some polite for san.

Kasa o soko ni oite kudasai, place ni over, then okasan wa mai toshi watashi ni o toshidama o

kuremasu, she gives ni also you can say okasan wa mai toshi watshi ni o toshidama o (FL)

she sent to me, so again as we did (FL) in our previous exercise you can also use de kuremasu

over here, koko ni o namae to go jusho o kaite kudasai, o and go over here are used for

politeness for respect o name and go jusho is used for someone else.

Please do not use this for yourself, for your name and your address nanika sumetai mono ga

arimasu ka, something minashan no shumi wa nan desu ka, dare ka to dokoka e ikitai desu,

kino donna eiga o mimashita ka, ototoi watashi wa doko emo ikanakatta as you can see over

here you can again end your sentences in plain form instead of mass form that is used

normally only it is a little direct and informal.


Now change the form and make proper sentences using verb+ni form (FL) then (FL) you can

also add that, then (FL) then (FL) to meet the teacher (FL) so well you see something over

here you will notice that is why the reason I could assign 3 over here is you will notice that

all the time one verb only comes (FL).


So what is the reason (FL).


So what is well verb+ni+iku always it is like this (FL) or any of these example for that thing

over here (FL) well with this pattern what do you show we generally show that a certain

activity is being done, there is a purpose of forming a certain activity. Now what are these we

have done this earlier, these are this is emotion verb (FL) now what is the motion verb, it

means that you are moving from one place to another.

Some movement is happening in a certain direction. Now you would say that to run is also

emotion verb some motion is happening some action is happening in a direction to walk is

also, to jog it would also be emotional verb, jogging could also be emotion action why that is

not for in the character, well (FL) you are going in a certain direction with jogging, with

running, with walking or with maybe swimming which could also be interpreted as as an

action verb.

There is a specific manner in which that action is being performed, so it looks like that is a

motion verb, it does not fall in that category as you can read over here, Now when you want

to use another verb instead of (FL) what do you do, you cannot use this pattern because this

patterns only comes with this, so another way for example if you want to say watashi wa (FL)

now why would you buy a camera, to take photographs.

Watashi wa (FL) I want to take photographs (FL) so well watashi wa kamera

kodomonosheshin o torimasu, now you cannot use this form, so what is the form, there is no

iku over here. So what do we do watashi wa kodomo no shashin o tosu tame ni, (FL) over

here what can you see, your purpose is very very clear why you perform the certain activity,

why you did this is very clear that to take photograph I bought a camera.

Now you will see the difference in these two over here verb+ni form will only take iku and if

you want to use another verb then coming to be used both show purpose but there is a slide

difference you can see from the examples (FL) if I ask you why are you learning Japanese so

you can give me a number of reasons, you want to read Japanese, you want to talk to

Japanese people, you want to go to Japan, so now you cannot say (FL) then you will use (FL)

and a certain activities as given over here in this example.


Then (FL) so the purpose of doing (FL) I bought (FL) the purpose I bought a camera, so now

you can use (FL) very clearly you can also practice over here, we have done this photograph

a number of times, he is ringing up someone tomodachi to au yakusoku o suru tame ni for the

purpose of fixing a program suru tame ni denwa o shimashita, for this purpose I am ringing

up my friend, over here he is having medicine, this photograph also you done the number of

times.

Well (FL) to get better quickly and having, so you can use tame ni like this and you can now I

am sure you have understood how verb ni+iku and verb tami ni can be used, also please

remember with tami ni as you can see over here verb is always here in plain form. Now we

just do this small dialogue over here, listen to it carefully and then I will explain.


(FL).


So I am sure everything is clear, we have done all of it except for these two things one motto

and atsuku narimasu, anyway I will read it once again to you (FL) we did yori last time (FL)

today it is hotter than yesterday. So desu ne, demo ashita motto atsuku narimasu , honto desu

ka really honto desu yo kesa terebi de kikimashita I heard today morning on television, so

simple conversation I just explain motto atsuku narimasu.


This is a first script you can go over it, do your hiragana and kanji and of course your

katakana.


This is your explanation but again I would like to tell you that this is what you would say in

English somewhat this is what you would say in English not a literal translation what is given

in Japanese, some place there is little translation, in some places what you would say in

English because it sounds seems a little strange.


You just translate it completely, now there was this word narimasu or you could say the verb

narimasu, narimasu means to become to express some change your transformation in the

present state as it is written over here narimasu is to translates to become to appear to seem in

English.


Now you have done atsui, samui, takai, yasui, these adjectives you have done, if you

remember yasui, (FL) and so many others akai, well so when you want to change an adjective

into an adverb what you do you remove the i from here and put ku and that makes it an ku,

now if you put narimasu over here narimasu so something has become cheap, something (FL)

yasuko narimasu it has become cheap.

Ringo initially the Apple is green so (FL) means that it has become red, (FL) has become hot,

(FL) tomorrow is going to be cold, (FL) or instead of (FL) narimasu, so narimasu means to

become and you can use it like this you can see that how nouns and adjectives can be used in

narimasu (FL) it has become hot, (FL) I want to become a teacher, so when you are using it

with nouns then ni is going (FL) or over here with (FL) because nouns and adjectives follow

a similar pattern.


So please remember with adjectives remove the i put ku and narimasu with noun, add ni

before narimasu and with na adjectives again add ni before narimasu. Now we can practice

now there is this picture of Roa san in the last step then he become alright. So Roa san wa

genki ni narimashita as we did earlier then there is a teacher classroom seen over here shourai

sensei ni narimasu, in the future I will become a teacher.

Then you have someone really sweating and really hot over here, it has become very hot over

here, so well atsuku narimashita it has become very hot, and then we have another picture

over here of someone who is feeling very cold has a cap and coat on. So well that is (FL) it

has become very very cold.


Last time in out last class we did comparisons and one of the words that we did was (FL).


These are simple yori then we also did no ho ga or dochira, all these words we did last time.

So well today there is another word for you you can see over here it is motto, motto means

more, this is also for comparison means more than this, so well you can see from example

(FL) more cold than this dictionary is much older than that dictionary also (FL) apples are

cheap except statements ring over more apples are cheaper.


And of course from this you can easily make out that you are comparing (FL) something so

you can also use motto it comes before the adjective and shows (FL) and practice now there

is this book, there are two books over here, one is old, one is already new. So well (FL) again

2 cameras one little old and one maybe much of much little date, so well (FL).


Now you have done intention, how to show intention, how to show that I want this or I want

to do something, you have done with verb tai form and hoshi, ok so well there something else

today for you we are going to do (FL) as you can see (FL) your intension what you intent to

do, or what you believe to want to do, so with (FL) you can easily express intention, now

because it is your intention what you want to do.


Thus it is used in first person by the speaker and if you want to ask someone as to what their

intention is what they plan to do well then you can ask it in question form though (FL) I do

not intend to go tomorrow or (FL) I do not intent to go tomorrow, so well you will notice that

again it is in plain form over here verb is in plain. Now this is for myself for first person first

speaker, if (FL) you plan to go tomorrow, do you intend to go tomorrow.

So then it is weird question for first person and second person because you do not know the

intention of the other party. So well see from the example (FL) I intend to go tomorrow (FL)

do you intend to go tomorrow. So when you are asking about someone as you do not know

about the intention (FL) I have no intentions of going to office tomorrow. So that is how you

will use (FL) you can practice over here.


You can ask anyone what their intention is what they plan to do as you can see over here Roa

san (FL) please remember (FL) will always take a plain plane form as you can see here is

well Roa san (FL) I will decide on that or you could also say there simply (FL) traditional

(FL) clothes you who is western clothes. So well (FL) what do you plan to do tomorrow (FL)

you could use any of these.


(FL) I do not plan to go anywhere, so you can also use (FL) like this all these are used in

daily conversation that it is important to learn this and practice this is well. Now you can

practice your (FL) there is this simple picture over here of (FL) and they are thinking of

computer and camera. So let us see what the question is (FL) well what does she say (FL) got

somebody that I intend (FL).


Now you can see the question over here because you are asking about someone else is

intentions (FL) I will go tomorrow to buy. So you can use this very freely very nicely I am

trying to show it to you how it is to be done and you can do your conversation. Now what is

this look like, this is a coffee shop you can see the waiter over here and tanaka san is asking

something, now what does he say.

(FL) so he says I am sorry to have get the meeting please tell macro environment what you

want, (FL) kept you waiting tell me you want him on his order what do you want to order

when he says (FL) please get me coffee, you could also say (FL) this is simple way of

ordering at a restaurants.


Now we do kanji all the time, these kanjis you have done, these characters you have done

earlier. I will just make them for you do you remember doing this all of you look like (FL)

what is this look like (FL) which is soil, we did this with (FL) as well and (FL) so well we

join this and make (FL) simple.


And one more nichi over here, so 2 nichi (FL) and that is how it is to be made once again

(FL) let us see how many strokes are we have 12 strokes, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 and 12

strokes to this character. Then we have another one and this is important because I am going

to tell you got away with this so well 1, 2 and you remember doing this to you all of you I am

sure what you remember doing this.


This is (FL) over here together means a stone, how many strokes to this character well now

we have (FL) which means to hear or listen, you have done this character this look like gate,

this look like a gate, and you have also done this character which is meaning, so well join

these 2 and means, so that is how you will get (FL) once again for you 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,

10, 11, 12, 13 and 14.


So that is how is a 14 stroke character let us see what this says, yes it is a 14 stroke character,

so please try to remember all these are there in your lesion (FL). Now also I want to tell you

something over here look at this dialogue a simple dialogue with some very interesting (FL) I

am sure you can make out from my expression what mo means and you tell me well means

already (FL) already had my food, this is the translation in English you can go over. See it

now.


(FL) is already 8 o'clock (FL) let us go very very quickly (FL) that is true, (FL) which means

to be late, and (FL) we did in this lesson earlier (FL) if I do not go quickly then if in case then

(FL). So well (FL) if I do not go early then (FL) if I do not go quickly then also (FL), so

please mo over here, mo means already. This is the translation English you can go over it,

again there is another more practice for you.


Again there is another mo practice for you (FL) are you going already (FL) it is already 10

o'clock (FL) better that I return now or go back now (FL) it is 10 o'clock (FL) I will also

return, so well with mo you can use it in this manner like this different situations, different

combinations mo means already, this is the translation in English you can go over it.


There is nothing I want to tell you today these are words you can use makes your

conversation better language better you or spoken skills can be seen very clearly (FL) politely

writing someone (FL) this is the translation over here (FL) it is really too sad, it is too bad for

me (FL) I saw the film yesterday why (FL) over here because both of them both the listener

and the speakers both know about gone with the wind the famous film.


This is how you would use (FL) it is too bad, it is too sad, I am so sorry that I am unable to go

for the film with you (FL) this is too bad. There is another (FL) conversation over here usage

you can see (FL) and you can leave your sentence (FL) so what does it mean Roa san even go

for your trip well I lost my tickets, that is too bad, is not it, that is too bad, it is a sad situation

to be in. So that how you would use (FL).


Now as I always do we are going to do a kotowaza you can see this boy over here sitting on

something with dreaming and he is all tenses looking very determined. So what does it look

like to you (FL) as I told you earlier I was put together in a sentence form in a small sentence.

So to give lot of meaning to explain something in short (FL) proverbs they have a long

history and a very very cultural day tell you about the culture of the place.

About the people about the thinking of the people and there is one for you will hear this boy

sitting on something let us see what it is. (FL) I told you just now is stone you I made kanji

for it (FL) is on top (FL) so that is the translation over here. Now it is in roman (FL) what

does it mean, what can you understand from here, well the literal meaning of this is (FL)

stone, sitting on a stone for as long as 3 years.

That is the literal translation that is what it means but what does it say, but what does it mean

actually what is the meaning what is the hidden meaning behind well you can look at the boy

and you can also make out well it says that determination perseverance will solve any

difficulty you will overcome any difficulty that you have meaning that if you sit on a which is

cold and hot for as long is 3 years for such a long time with so much determination.

Even the stone which is soo hard would become warm which is cold would become warm

would (FL) so if you are determined you know what you want you want, your goals are said

then definitely you will succeed you will reach your goal, you will attend you will get what

you want that speaks of the Japanese people is well that you have to be determined in what

you are doing perseverance gets you everything.

As you can see perseverance overcomes all difficulties, so you have to be very very

determined and set in your goals in what you want. Now you can see (FL) stone who is above

the (FL) is 3 years, so this could anyone actually for anybody you just have to be stopped

persistent in what you are doing whatever it maybe and you will finally achieved we have

patient patience gets you everything finally.


Well this is vocabulary for you, you can see kotatsu is given this is a Japanese low table and

this is very popular with the Japanese because in the cold weather you can put the quilt on top

of it and it has a small heater inside and (FL) warm (FL) table then (FL) traditional (FL) so

these are all the words practice them.


And now we have the small section of hiragana and katakana together you can compare the

two you can see if you write on a graph sheet, it is so much better your character syllables are

more proportionate and you can memorize them easily remember them easily. These are

cursive as you can see these are very very angular as I have been telling you all along. So

now you can compare.


And with this my work is over, your work begins now, you have your shukudai to do and

there is kanji for you again.


There are some pictures figure out the Kanji characters.


Fill in the blanks the words are given over here, you can fill them up, there are some extra

words for you.


And then we have this Kanji characters again, not the pictures of the characters and the

readings, these are opposites and try to put in the opposite in the correct places.


You have articles and interrogative words to fill in over here.


And you have verbs over here, change time right there perform and fill in this sheet.


Well (FL) thank you very much and we will meet again for our next class.

introduction to japanese language and culture …...kino donna eiga o mimashita ka, ototoi watashi...

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