introduction to cells
DESCRIPTION
Intro to Cell OrganellesTRANSCRIPT
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Quickflart! 10/11
• What is a good one – sentence definition of a cell?
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Introduction to Cells
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What is a cell?
…membrane bound structure, it is the smallest unit of life.
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Important people who helped discover cells
1) Robert Hooke – looked at cork cells named the 1665structure “cell”
2) Anton von Leeuwenhoeklooked at pond water, was
1st to look at living cells!1700
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Microscopes
Only been around for about 250 years.
Several types: Light microscopeElectron microscope
(SEM & TEM)
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Light microscope
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Euglena under light microscope
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Electron Microscope
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Euglena under SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope)
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What are the 3 parts to the Cell Theory?
1) All living things are made of at least 1 cell.
2) Cells are the basic unit of structure & function of life.
3) Cells only come from other living cells.
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Are there differences between cells?
1) Different shapes
2) Different sizes
3) Different internal organization
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Quackstort! 10/15
• Write the three parts of the cell theory. • Use your notes if you can’t remember. • Smile.
• Table of Contents - Write: Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes
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Different cell shapes
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How is the internal organization different?
Cells are either Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic!!
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Prokaryote
• No nucleus
• Has DNA & circular chromosome
• No membrane-bound organelles
• Can only be unicellular
• Ex: bacteria
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Typical prokaryote
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Eukaryote
• Has nucleus • Has DNA & rod shaped chromosomes• Has many membrane-bound
organelles• Can be unicellular or multicellular• Ex: fungus, plants, my dog, Mr. R
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Typical Eukaryote (animal cell)
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Typical Eukaryote (plant cell)
Microfilament MicrotubuleCytoskeleton{
Mitochondrion
Plasma Membrane
Vesicle
Golgi apparatus
Ribosomes
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
ChloroplastCell Wall
Central Vacuole
Absent in animal cells {
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CELL ORGANELLES
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Cell Organelles
Cell organelles are small structures within the cell, each has a specific job.
Not all cells will have every organelle!
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Nucleus
The control center
Contains the DNA
Controls all the cell functions
Has a nuclear membrane
Some have a nucleolus inside
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Nucleus
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
2 types: smooth ER (no ribosomes)rough ER (with ribosomes)
Snuggles up to the nucleus
Helps with movement of substances within the cell, Smooth ER also helps make steroids & break down toxins.
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ER
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Golgi Apparatus
Helps finish proteins and package them for shipment out of the cell.
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Golgi Apparatus
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Ribosomes
Make proteins.
Can be “floating free” in the cytoplasm or attached to rough ER.
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Proteins (NOT an organelle)
• Proteins are the building blocks that make up all of the structures in the cell.
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Lysosomes
Lysosomes are vesicles that contain digestive enzymes that:
Breaks down old cell parts & some wastes.
Also destroys any invaders (like bacteria)
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Mitochondria
Most of the energy cell’s need is made here! (cell respiration)
Changes “food” into energy.
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Mitochondria
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Cytoplasm/Cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm = jelly like substance in the cell
Cytoskeleton = made up of microtubules & microfiliments
Both are important for providing structural support in intracellular movement.
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Cytoplasm/Cytoskeleton
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Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane
Double layer of lipids with carbs & proteins.
Helps maintain cell shape and homeostasis.
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Cell membrane
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Plant cells
Plant cells have the same organelles & a few new ones!
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Plant cells
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Chloroplast
…used for photosynthesis
**has its own DNA
Cells in plant leaves have LOTS of chloroplasts!
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Chloroplasts
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Cell Wall
Rigid structure, mostly made of cellulose.
Outside of the cell membrane.
Helps support the cells (and plant)
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Cell wall
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Some other cell parts to be aware of…
1) Cilia – hair-like structures usually help cells move
2) Pili – hair-like structures that help bacteria stick to surfaces and share DNA with other bacteria.
3) Flagella (flagellum) – whip-like tail, helps cell move
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3) Vacuoles – hold or store wastes, water, food. Plants usually have 1 large vacuole and many smaller ones, animal cells have small ones.
4) Centrioles – only in animal cells, help with cell division
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Cells – general information
Cell size is limited by the ratio of surface area to volume.
Cell with particular functions will have more of some organelles & less of some organelles.