introduction to building services by mohd rodzi ismail

7/29/2019 Introduction to Building Services by Mohd Rodzi Ismail

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INTRODUCTION TO

BUILDING SERVICES

Mohd Rodzi Ismail



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WHAT IS BUILDING

SERVICES?

Imagine yourself in the most fabulous building in the

world. Now take away the lighting, heating andventilation, the lifts and escalators, acoustics,plumbing, power supply and energy managementsystems, the security and safety systems...and you

are left with a cold, dark, uninhabitable shell.

Everything inside a building which makes it safeand comfortable to be in comes under the title of 'Building Services'. A building must do what it wasdesigned to do - not just provide shelter but also bean environment where people can live, work andachieve.



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Building services are “ what makes a buildingcome to l ife” . They include:{ energy supply - gas , electricity and renewable

sources

{ heating and air conditioning{ water, drainage and plumbing

{ natural and artificial lighting, and building facades

{

escalators and lifts{ ventilation and refrigeration

{ communication lines, telephones and IT networks

{ security and alarm systems

{ fire detection and protection



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MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL

SYSTEMS IN BUILDING

Modern buildings are built to create better,consistent, and productive environments in which towork and to live.

Buildings must be designed with features to provide

{ better lighting{ comfortable space temperature, humidity and air

quality

{

convenient power and communication capability{ high quality sanitation; and

{ reliable systems for the protection of life andproperty.



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All these desirable features have become a reality

with advances in building M&E systems

Block-type buildings without windows, such as

department stores, are totally dependent on

electrical lighting, ventilation and space conditioning

High-rise buildings must rely on high-speed vertical

transportation and high –pressure water for drinking

and cleaning purposes and for protection againstfire



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Impact M&E systems on buildings:{ Demand considerable amounts of floor and ceiling

space – proper space allocation is needed during thepreliminary planning

{ Add to the cost of construction of a building –

sophisticated buildings, such as research buildings,hospitals, computer centres

{ Increase in energy consumption – energy consumedby occupied buildings, including residential,

commercial, institutional and industrial facilities,account for 50% of all energy usage by anindustrialised country; it also accounts for largeportion of the operating costs of such buildings



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The complexity of M&E systems varies with:

{ Living standards of the society

{ Climatic conditions of the region

{ Occupancy and quality of the building



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CLASSIFICATION OF M&E

SYSTEMS

Mechanical Systems{ HVAC (Heating, ventilating, and air-

conditioning)/ACMV (Air-conditioning andmechanical ventilation)

{ Site utilities – Water supply, drainage, sanitary

disposal, gas supply{ Plumbing – Water distribution, water treatment,

sanitary facilities, etc.

{ Fire protection – Water supply, standpipe, fire and

smoke detection, annunciation, etc.{ Special systems



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Electrical Systems

{ Electrical power – Normal, standby, and emergency

power supply and distribution

{ Lighting – Interior, exterior, and emergency lighting

{ Auxiliary – Telephone, data, audio/video, sound,

security systems, etc.

{ Special systems



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Building Operation Systems

{ Transportation – Elevators, escalators, moving

walkways/travelators, etc.

{ Processing – Products, food service, etc.

{ Automation – Environmental controls, management,

etc.

{ Special systems



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CHECKLIST OF BUILDING AND

M&E REQUIREMENTS

A comprehensive checklist that serves to determine

the scope of building operational requirements andfrom which one can determine the scope andcriteria of M&E systems.

Valuable in formulating the architectural concept,building configuration, space programming, andopportunities of system interfacing.

Early identification of these requirements will aid inevaluating construction cost, as well as theallocation of space for M&E equipment, both withininterior and exterior of the building.



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Mechanical Systems

{ Include heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning

(HVAC)/air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation

(ACMV), plumbing and sanitation (P&S), fire

protection (F&P), and specialty or auxiliary systems.{ Not all buildings require all services; thus the list

should be tailored to the needs of a specific project.



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HVAC/ACMV Systems{ Energy source – Electrical power, gas, oil, coal,

central steam, central hot water, chilled water, etc.(location and capacity)

{ Heating/cooling – Central air handling, direct

radiation, in-space unitary equipment, etc.{ Comfort controls – Number of control zones,

humidity, temperature, etc.

{ Central plant – Estimated normal (or base) and

standby capacities, etc.{ Heat rejection - Water cooling tower, air cooled

condenser, evaporative cooler, etc.

{ Location of equipment – Central equipment rooms,

on floor, on roof, on ground, etc.



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{ Ventilation – Outside air requirements (minimum,

high, or 100%){ Exhaust - General, food preparation, toxic and

special exhaust systems, etc.

{ Automation – Building automation system (BAS),

building management system (BMS)



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Plumbing and Sanitation Systems{ Energy source – Electrical power, gas, oil, central

steam, hot water, etc.

{ Water supply – Public water, river, well, etc.; water pressure, capacity available, and location

{ Hot water supply – Hot water heaters or heatexchangers

{ Sewage disposal – Sanitary, sewers, sewagetreatment plant, septic tanks, drainage and filtering

fields{ Storm/Rain water drainage – Roof, area, and means

of discharge; locations

{ Subsoil drainage – Drainpipes, sumps, pumps, and

discharge, etc.{ Building facilities – Plumbing fixtures, water, waste,

soil, piping



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Fire Protection Systems{ Energy source – Electrical power, gas, oil{ Water supply – Flow rate and available pressure at

water main, location. Separate service or combination with plumbing water supply

{ Water storage – Lake, pond, storage tanks (locationsand capacities)

{ Fire and smoke detection – Thermal and smokedetectors

{ Fire containment – Fire shutters,compartmentalization

{ Smoke containment and evacuation – Smokeexhaust and pressure controls

{ Stairway smoke prevention – Stair pressurization



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{ Fire annunciation – Fire alarm, public address, fire

department connections{ Fire extinguishing – Portable extinguishers,

automatic sprinklers (water, mist, dry chemical,foam, special gases, etc.)

{ Fire fighting – Fire hose and standpipe systems{ Lightning protection – Air terminals, grounding

conductors, etc.



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Electrical Systems

{ Include power, lighting, and auxiliary systems.

{ The proliferation of electrical and electronic systems

in building applications has greatly expanded the

scope of electrical systems and has had a drasticimpact on construction costs and the complexity of

planning.

{ The list should be expanded or condensed to fit theneeds of a specific project.



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Power Systems{ Normal energy source – Utility power or on-site

power (location and capacity); power characteristics(phase and voltage); service entrance (overhead,underground); service requirements (substations,

transformer vaults); etc.{ Emergency power source – Separate utility service

or on-site standby generators (location and capacity)

{ Interior power distribution – Primary or secondary

voltages, unit substations, distribution panels, etc.{ On-floor distribution – Floor boxes, under-floor ducts,

integrated cellular floors, raised floors, ceiling-cavityconduit network, etc.



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{ Emergency power distribution – For critical

equipment and emergency lighting loads{ Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) – For critical

building operations such as computers andcommunication networks; power storage (battery

banks){ Power for building systems – HVAC, plumbing,

sanitary, fire protection, etc.

{ Power for building operational equipment – Food

service, waste disposal, laundry, garage,entertainment equipment, etc.

{ Power for vertical transportation systems – Interfacewith elevator consultant on power and controls for elevators and escalators



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Lighting Systems{ Basic light source – Incandescent, fluorescent, high

intensity discharge (HID), etc.

{ Illumination – Lighting levels, colour rendering,controls

{ Lighting fixtures – In offices and other work spaces{ Architectural lighting – Interface between architect,

lighting and/or electrical consultant on public or special spaces

{ Introduction of daylight – Fenestration, skylights,controls, etc.

{ Exit lighting – Exit signs, exit way (evacuation route)light

{ Exterior lighting – Site, landscape, building facade,aircraft warning lights, etc.



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Auxiliary Systems{ Telephone and telecommunication – Type, number of lines and stations,

switchboard (manual, PBX), basic and special features, facsimile,modem, etc.

{ Data distribution systems – Multiple conductor cables, twisted pairs,coaxial cables, Fibre optic cables, wire closets, etc.

{ Public address – Intercom, paging and music systems

{ Audio/video – Radio, TV, and signal distribution systems

{ Satellite dishes – Number, diameter, and orientation{ Transmission – Transmitter and microwave towers

{ Cable – CCTV distribution systems, locations, and interfacing with other auxiliary systems

{ Time and signal – Clock and program systems

{ Fire detection and alarm systems – Interface with fire protectionconsultants

{ Automatic controls – Interface with HVAC and other building serviceconsultants

{ Security systems – CCTV monitoring, detecting, alarming, controlling,

and interface with security consultant{ Specialty systems – Numerous specialty systems for hospitals, research,

computer centres, and industrial, military, or defence facilities, asapplicable



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introduction to building services by mohd rodzi ismail

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