introduction to 3 g

8/12/2019 Introduction to 3 g

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Introduction to 3G


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Why 3G?

Existing mobile networks (GSM/CDMA)were designed to handle voice traffic andvoice-oriented services.

Then, when they were introduced into themarket it turned out that, other than voice-oriented, additional services (SMS to setan example) gained unexpectedpopularity.

The need for data transmission throughmobile networks has been growing

gradually together with Internet popularity.


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Types of Traffic

As latest estimates show that packetswitching trafficis growing rapidly, andwill probably exceed circuit switchingby

2005.

Operators must be sure that their core

network architecture by that time is readyto provide equally strong circuit-switchedand packet-switched domains to meet thespeed and capacity demands.


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Lack of Resources

Another important factor is that together with theneed for efficient data-oriented mobile networks,the beginning of radio resources shortage in

dense populated areas has been observed, dueto high level of penetration in mature mobilemarkets (penetration rates around 50% and upto 80% in the Nordic countries).

Therefore a new radio access technology isneeded to cope with those problems.


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Duping the Mobile Network

Operators Denis OBrien view

In 1995, the equipm ent manufacturers started to talk abou t the

next paradigm shif t i.e. 2G to 3G.

They pushed the prop osed benef i ts of 3G to the pub l ic at large.

EU was so ld on the idea of the new players.

It helped that the manufacturers were of EU orig in (Sweden,Germany , France and Finland).

Netwo rk operatorsgrow th was slowing.

60%+ of p eople had a mobile phone (100% in Scand inavia).

Looking for ways o f cont inu ing thei r grow th story for the market .

Scared of miss ing an opportun i ty to capi tal ise on s trong capi tal

market condi t ion.

Everybody boug ht the my th.


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Designing 3G

Technical arguments galore as to whichtechnologies should be used.

Standardisation bodies tried to come toagreement as to what was the bestoptions


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Example Mobile Standards Organizations

European Technical Standard Institute (Europe): http://www.etsi.org

Telecommunication Industry Association (USA): http://www.tiaonline.org

Standard Committee T1 (USA): http://www.t1.org

China Wireless Telecommunication Standard (China): http://www.cwts.org

The Association of Radio Industries and Businesses

(Japan): http://www.arib.or.jp/english/index.html

The Telecommunication Technology Committee (Japan): http://www.ttc.or.jp/e/index.html

The Telecommunication Technology Association (Korea): http://www.tta.or.kr/english/e_index.htm
http://www.etsi.org/http://www.tiaonline.org/http://www.t1.org/http://www.cwts.org/http://www.arib.or.jp/english/index.htmlhttp://www.ttc.or.jp/e/index.htmlhttp://www.tta.or.kr/english/e_index.htmhttp://www.tta.or.kr/english/e_index.htmhttp://www.ttc.or.jp/e/index.htmlhttp://www.arib.or.jp/english/index.htmlhttp://www.cwts.org/http://www.t1.org/http://www.tiaonline.org/http://www.etsi.org/


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So which technology for 3G??

A lmos t al l accepted 3G radiostandardsare based on CDMA

http://www.3g-generation.com/cdma_principle.htm

BUT .


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International Standardization

ITU (International TelecommunicationUnion) radio standards and spectrum

IMT-2000 ITUs umbrella name for 3G which stands for

International Mobile Telecommunications 2000

National and regional standards bodies are

collaborating in 3G partnership projects ARIB, TIA, TTA, TTC, CWTS. T1, ETSI (willlearn about some of these later)

3G Partnership Projects (3GPP & 3GPP2)

focused on evolution of access and corenetworks


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IMT-2000 Terrestrial RadioInterfaces


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W-CDMA

Wideband Code Division Multiple Access(WCDMA) is a wideband radio techniquethat provides far higher data rates than

other radio techniques available today, upto 2Mbit/s, and highly efficient use of radiospectrum.

Co-developed by NTT DoCoMo, it is beingbacked by most European mobileoperators and is expected to compete with

cdma2000 to be the de facto 3G standard


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UMTS (W-CDMA)

In Europe, 3G W-CDMA networks areknown as UMTS (Universal MobileTelephony System) another name for w-

CDMA/3G services.

Governments in the region held UMTSauctions for 3G licences netting $108billion in 2000.


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FOMA (W-CDMA)

Japanese giant NTT DoCoMo Inc brandname for 3G services is FOMA (Freedomof Mobile Multimedia Access).

This is also based on the W-CDMA format


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IMT-MC

The IMT-MC is a cdma2000 standard.


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cdma2000

You will recall cdmaOne.

cdma2000 is the upgrade to cdmaOne.

It uses a wider spectrum than CDMA

and therefore can transmit and receiveinformation faster and more efficiently,making fast Internet data, video, and

CD-quality music transmission possible.


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cdma2000

There are however new cdma2000variants called cdma2000 1X, 1X-EV-DV,1X EV-DO, and cdma2000 3X.

They deliver 3G services while occupyinga very small amount of current spectrum(1.25 MHz per carrier) as opposed to

UMTS which requires completely NEWspectrum (hence the auctions).


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TD-SCDMA

TD-SCDMA is the Chinese contribution to theITU's IMT-2000 specification for thirdgeneration (3G) wireless mobile services.Time Division Synchronous Code Division

Multiple Access TD-SCDMA operates using the TDD mode,

transmitting on one frequency on a time-shifted basis in both directions (uplink and

downlink). The system is being promoted by China

Mobile and China Unicom through a TD-SCDMA forum


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Standards adopted for IMT-2000

Mode Description Standard

IMT-DS DIRECT SEQUENCE W-CDMA

UTRA FDDIMT-MC MULTICARRIER cdma2000

IMT-TC TDMA/CDMA UTRA TDD

TD-SCDMA

IMT-SC SINGLE CARRIER UWC-136

IMT-FT FDMA/TDMA DECT

*the three indicated in green are emerging as the


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S5.388

The bands 1 885-2 025 MHzand 2 110-2200 MHzare intended for use, on aworldwide basis, by administrations

wishing to implement International MobileTelecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000).

Extensions


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Other Issues

Putting aside that 3G has many issues assume we want to go there.

So how do we get from here to 3G?

Legacy Issues

EVOLUTION not REVOLUTION


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CDMA

GSM

TDMA

PHS (IP-Based)

64Kbps

GPRS

115Kbps

CDMA 1xRTT

144 Kbps

EDGE

384Kbps

cdma20001X-EV-DV

Over 2.4 Mbps

W-CDMA

(UMTS)

Up to 2Mbps

2G2.5G

2.75G 3G

1992 - 2000+2001+

2003+

1G

1984 - 1996+

2003 - 2004+

TACS

NMT

AMPS

GSM/

GPRS

(Overlay)

115 Kbps

9.6 Kb ps

9.6 Kbp s

14.4 Kbp s

/ 64 Kbps

9.6 Kb ps

PDC

Analog Voice

Digital Voice

Packet Data

IntermediateMultimedia

Multimedia

PHS

TD-SCDMA

2 Mbps?

9.6 Kbp s

iDEN

(Overlay)

iDEN

Source: U.S. Bancorp Piper Jaffray

Migration To 3G


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Partnership Project and Forums ITU IMT-2000 http://www.imt-2000.org/portal/index.asp

Mobile Partnership Projects 3GPP : http://www.3gpp.org

3GPP2 : http://www.3gpp2.org

Mobile Technical Forums 3G All IP Forum: http://www.3gip.org

IPv6 Forum: http://www.ipv6forum.com

Mobile Marketing Forums

Mobile Wireless Internet Forum: http://www.mwif.org UMTS Forum : http://www.umts-forum.org

GSM Forum : http://www.gsmworld.org

Universal Wireless Communication: http://www.uwcc.org

Gl b l M bil S li htt //
http://www.imt-2000.org/portal/index.asphttp://www.3gpp.org/http://www.3gpp2.org/http://www.3gip.org/http://www.ipv6forum.com/http://www.mwif.org/http://www.umts-forum.org/http://www.gsmworld.org/http://www.uwcc.org/http://www.gsacom.com/http://www.gsacom.com/http://www.uwcc.org/http://www.gsmworld.org/http://www.umts-forum.org/http://www.umts-forum.org/http://www.umts-forum.org/http://www.mwif.org/http://www.ipv6forum.com/http://www.3gip.org/http://www.3gpp2.org/http://www.3gpp.org/http://www.imt-2000.org/portal/index.asphttp://www.imt-2000.org/portal/index.asphttp://www.imt-2000.org/portal/index.asp

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