introduction to matter. all matter has three major characteristics: g 1. it has mass g 2. it...

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Introduction to Matter

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Page 1: Introduction to Matter. All Matter Has Three Major Characteristics: G 1. It has mass G 2. It occupies space G 3. It is made of particles (atoms) G 1

Introduction to Matter

Introduction to Matter

Page 2: Introduction to Matter. All Matter Has Three Major Characteristics: G 1. It has mass G 2. It occupies space G 3. It is made of particles (atoms) G 1

All Matter Has Three Major Characteristics:All Matter Has Three

Major Characteristics:

1. It has mass

2. It occupies space

3. It is made of particles (atoms)

1. It has mass

2. It occupies space

3. It is made of particles (atoms)

Page 3: Introduction to Matter. All Matter Has Three Major Characteristics: G 1. It has mass G 2. It occupies space G 3. It is made of particles (atoms) G 1

The word atomThe word atom

Originates from the Greek atomos, meaning indivisible.

Originates from the Greek atomos, meaning indivisible.

Page 4: Introduction to Matter. All Matter Has Three Major Characteristics: G 1. It has mass G 2. It occupies space G 3. It is made of particles (atoms) G 1

Not All Atoms are Identical

Not All Atoms are Identical

Page 5: Introduction to Matter. All Matter Has Three Major Characteristics: G 1. It has mass G 2. It occupies space G 3. It is made of particles (atoms) G 1

….or Natural….or Natural

Of all the elements on the Periodic Table (Currently, around 110)…

Only 90 exist in nature, the rest are by-products of nuclear reactors

Of all the elements on the Periodic Table (Currently, around 110)…

Only 90 exist in nature, the rest are by-products of nuclear reactors

Page 6: Introduction to Matter. All Matter Has Three Major Characteristics: G 1. It has mass G 2. It occupies space G 3. It is made of particles (atoms) G 1

Atoms can CombineAtoms can Combine

In whole number ratios to form compounds

Common compounds include H2O and NaCI (water and salt)

In whole number ratios to form compounds

Common compounds include H2O and NaCI (water and salt)

Page 7: Introduction to Matter. All Matter Has Three Major Characteristics: G 1. It has mass G 2. It occupies space G 3. It is made of particles (atoms) G 1

An atom is the smallest particle of a particular

element

A molecule is the smallest particle of a compound.

An atom is the smallest particle of a particular

element

A molecule is the smallest particle of a compound.

Page 8: Introduction to Matter. All Matter Has Three Major Characteristics: G 1. It has mass G 2. It occupies space G 3. It is made of particles (atoms) G 1

Matter exists in three states

Matter exists in three states

SOLIDLIQUIDGAS

A fourth state called PLASMA exists, but is rare on Earth

SOLIDLIQUIDGAS

A fourth state called PLASMA exists, but is rare on Earth

Page 9: Introduction to Matter. All Matter Has Three Major Characteristics: G 1. It has mass G 2. It occupies space G 3. It is made of particles (atoms) G 1

Solids: Fixed shape, fixed volume

Liquids: Variable shape, fixed volume

Gases: Variable shape and volume

Solids: Fixed shape, fixed volume

Liquids: Variable shape, fixed volume

Gases: Variable shape and volume

Page 10: Introduction to Matter. All Matter Has Three Major Characteristics: G 1. It has mass G 2. It occupies space G 3. It is made of particles (atoms) G 1

Matter has PropertiesMatter has Properties

Physical Properties:

State of matter, appearance, density, smell, etc.

Chemical Properties:

Reacts with…

Physical Properties:

State of matter, appearance, density, smell, etc.

Chemical Properties:

Reacts with…

Page 11: Introduction to Matter. All Matter Has Three Major Characteristics: G 1. It has mass G 2. It occupies space G 3. It is made of particles (atoms) G 1

Matter can undergo changes

Matter can undergo changes

These changes can be physical changes

Or chemical changes

These changes can be physical changes

Or chemical changes

Page 12: Introduction to Matter. All Matter Has Three Major Characteristics: G 1. It has mass G 2. It occupies space G 3. It is made of particles (atoms) G 1

Physical ChangesPhysical Changes

Involve a change a change in state,

But…Do NOT change the identity of the substance

(Boiling water is still H2O)

Involve a change a change in state,

But…Do NOT change the identity of the substance

(Boiling water is still H2O)

Page 13: Introduction to Matter. All Matter Has Three Major Characteristics: G 1. It has mass G 2. It occupies space G 3. It is made of particles (atoms) G 1

Chemical ChangesChemical Changes

Are observed only during chemical

reactions…

Where the composition of matter changes

Are observed only during chemical

reactions…

Where the composition of matter changes

Page 14: Introduction to Matter. All Matter Has Three Major Characteristics: G 1. It has mass G 2. It occupies space G 3. It is made of particles (atoms) G 1

All Matter Fits into one of Two General

Categories:

All Matter Fits into one of Two General

Categories:

Pure Substances

Mixtures

Pure Substances

Mixtures

Page 15: Introduction to Matter. All Matter Has Three Major Characteristics: G 1. It has mass G 2. It occupies space G 3. It is made of particles (atoms) G 1

Pure SubstancesPure Substances

Elements or compounds

Have uniform composition (can not be separated by physical means)

Pure water is H2O, pure Gold consists of just Gold atoms

Elements or compounds

Have uniform composition (can not be separated by physical means)

Pure water is H2O, pure Gold consists of just Gold atoms

Page 16: Introduction to Matter. All Matter Has Three Major Characteristics: G 1. It has mass G 2. It occupies space G 3. It is made of particles (atoms) G 1

Mixtures

Mixtures

Have variable compositions

Mixtures can be separated by Physical means (filtration or distillation)

(Lab Techniques: Sand and Salt water)

Have variable compositions

Mixtures can be separated by Physical means (filtration or distillation)

(Lab Techniques: Sand and Salt water)

Page 17: Introduction to Matter. All Matter Has Three Major Characteristics: G 1. It has mass G 2. It occupies space G 3. It is made of particles (atoms) G 1

Mixtures can be…Mixtures can be…

Homogeneous: same throughout(salt water, air, brass)

Heterogeneous: vary from region to region (sand and water, gravel)

Homogeneous: same throughout(salt water, air, brass)

Heterogeneous: vary from region to region (sand and water, gravel)

Page 18: Introduction to Matter. All Matter Has Three Major Characteristics: G 1. It has mass G 2. It occupies space G 3. It is made of particles (atoms) G 1

Classification of Matter Chart

Classification of Matter Chart

Page 19: Introduction to Matter. All Matter Has Three Major Characteristics: G 1. It has mass G 2. It occupies space G 3. It is made of particles (atoms) G 1

Other Sub-classes of Mixtures

Other Sub-classes of Mixtures

Colloids: a type of mixture with particles of larger size than a true solution…

Will exhibit Tyndall Effect

Will NOT settle

Colloids: a type of mixture with particles of larger size than a true solution…

Will exhibit Tyndall Effect

Will NOT settle

Page 20: Introduction to Matter. All Matter Has Three Major Characteristics: G 1. It has mass G 2. It occupies space G 3. It is made of particles (atoms) G 1

Why is the sky Blue?Why is the sky Blue?

Rayleigh scatteringRayleigh scattering

Page 21: Introduction to Matter. All Matter Has Three Major Characteristics: G 1. It has mass G 2. It occupies space G 3. It is made of particles (atoms) G 1

Other Sub-classes of Mixtures

Other Sub-classes of Mixtures

Suspension: Similar to a colloid, but with larger particles

Will settle if left undisturbed

Suspension: Similar to a colloid, but with larger particles

Will settle if left undisturbed