introduction: the project of low-cost housing prototypes...
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Prof. Dr. Nasamat Abd El Kader Professor of Housing Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Cairo University
Prof. Dr. Rowaida Reda Kamel Professor of Architecture and Housing Department of architecture Faculty of Engineering Cairo University
Prof. Dr. Sayed Mohammed Ettouney Professor of Urban Design Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Cairo University
Ass’t Dr. Reeman Mohammed Rehan Department of architecture Faculty of Engineering Helwan University
Introduction: The project of Low-Cost Housing Prototypes in Egypt (1987) is one of the governmental trials to solve the Egyptian housing problem to reach a greater number of lower – income families. The concept offered internal flexibility of the housing unit, permitting the participation of the user in the design decisions of his own house that matches his needs and affordability. The partially completed housing prototypes comprised seven types of five stories apartment walk-ups, providing a variety of flat areas, namely: 45, 60, 75 and 90 square meters. Each flat was conceived as a minimal shelter, comprising: a finished bathroom, structure elements, all sanitary connections and electrical installations. Internal partitions as well as walls and floor finishing were left, to be gradually completed by the user according to his needs and affordability.
Key Elements:
Time: The start was in 1987. Stage 1: 1987 Initial phase with supports, bath room, and outer skin. Stage 2: 1987-1989 second phase with bath room, final finishing of internal wall and floors, kitchen, 1 bedroom, and 1 living room. Stage 3: 1989-1997 third phase with bath room, kitchen, 2 bedrooms, and 1 living room. Stage 4: 1997-2010 fourth phase with bath room, kitchen, 3 bedrooms, and 1 living room. Stage 5: 2010… fifth phase with bath room, kitchen, 2 bedrooms, and 1 living room.
Family size: 1987-1989: New small family consists of 2 persons. 1989-1992: Small family consists of 3 persons. 1992-1997: Family consists of 4 persons. 1997-2010: Big family consists of 5 persons. 2010…….: Family consists of 4 persons.
Household income: The proved income: 1987-1992: 300LE/month. 1992-1997: 500LE/month. 1997-2001: 800LE/month. 2001-2010: 1500LE/moth.
Actual income: It is not a fixed income, it comes from overtime work and family assistant and it is not supported by documents.
Number of rooms: 1987: Initial phase with 0 room, supports, bath room, and the outer skin. 1987-1989: 2 rooms (1 bedroom + 1 living room), bath room, and kitchen. 1989-1997: 3 rooms (2 bedrooms + 1 living room), bath room, and kitchen. 1997-2010: 4 rooms (3 bedrooms + 1 living room), bath room, and kitchen. 2010…….: 3 rooms (2 bedrooms + 1 living room), bath room, and kitchen.
Inflection point: It is concentrated around the political decision. According to the civil Law No, 148, 2001, that outlining the boundaries of income category, the Egyptian low-income person is one ho gets 1500 LE /month.
References: [1] Ettouney, S.M. & Abdel-Kader, Nasamat (1987) Formal Low Cost Housing Prototypes, Ministry of Development and New Communities, Cairo, Egypt ,(Arabic). [2] Ettouney, S.M. & Abdel-Kader, Nasamat, (2003) Users’ Participation in Low Cost Housing Projects Post Occupancy Evaluation, World Congress on Housing Housing Process & Product, Montreal, Canada. [3] Rehan ,Reeman Mohammed (2002) Review & Evaluation of low-cost housing prototypes referring to 6th October city, unpublished master thesis, Department of architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Cairo.
STAGE 1 STAGE 2 STAGE 3 STAGE 4 STAGE 5 EXPANSION STAGES
User received a unit with a finished bathroom, structure elements, all sanitary connections and electrical installations.
It is a housing unit with finished bathroom, kitchen, 1 bedroom, and 1 living room.
1 bedroom was added, for a total of 2
1 bedroom was added, for a total of 3
1 bedroom removed and area combined with living room
TIME IN YEAR
1987 1987-1989 1989-1997 1997-2010 2010
WHY IN THAT TIME
To solve the problem of accommodating the great number of lower – income categories.
CONCEPT It is to be a key factor in decreasing the initial cost of dwellings. While developing architectural designs for the housing prototypes, allowing the incremental development of the dwellings within a scenario of flexibility and adaptability. The concept was welcomed as it combined the external appearance of a complete project and allowed the users to gradually complete and finish the interiors of their dwellings.
HOW BUILT The government built the outer skin of the building. The user completes his housing unit with the help of the contractor
WHO BUILT User built the internal walls and he finished floors according to his needs and affordability. ISSUES The issue of users’ participation in the gradual completion and finishing of their dwellings.
The issue of affordability and the impact of the family income on the process of gradual completion. The issue of the organizational procedure related to the provision of tools, materials and technical assistance for the gradual completion.
FAMILY CIRCUMSTANCE
The state has drawn some constrains on the beneficiaries, such as: Employment: users should be governmental employers , or have a proved income Income: between (200-400 LE)/month (1987 Requirements) as the residential unit take a loan repaid over 30 or 40 years at a rate of 4%, so the user should pay 25% of his monthly income .
SERVICES The external appearance of a complete project, finished bathroom, structure elements of a housing unit, and all sanitary connections and electrical installations were supplied by the government.
COSTS 2170 LE = (Monthly installment + 4% + wall and floor finishing cost)75 LE/month +95 LE/month +2000 LE
2900 LE = (Monthly installment+ 4% + bedroom, living room and kitchen finishing cost 75 LE/month +56 LE/month +5000 LE
3200 LE = one bedroom finishing cost
4500 LE = one bedroom finishing cost
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PHOTOGRAPHS