Introduction Paragraph

• Every organism has a set of optimum conditions. (Humans 37⁰C)

• Most organisms function best when internal temperature is at 20⁰C-45⁰C.

Paragraph One

• Organisms cannot survive in hot temperatures because it effects protein molecules.

• When the shape is lost the Protein molecule cannot function properly.

• Albumin, the protein in an egg white, is soluble. When heated the Albumin molecules change shape and harden becoming insoluble.

Paragraph Two

• Cold temperatures don’t usually destroy proteins, but change the chemical reactions.– The speed of these reactions is called metabolism

• During hibernation animals have low metabolism which decreases their need for food

• At temperatures of 0⁰C or lower ice crystals may form in the water of cells. Which can cause irreparable damage.

Vocabulary

• Protein: a molecule used in the body for maintenance and repair of tissues

• Optimum: the set of conditions in which organisms have favorable outcome.

• Metabolism: the processes by which organisms use energy.

• By: Robin, Alim, Scott, Arjun

Paragraph 1 • Most organisms can only tolerate a narrow range of

temperature• Limit then selves in moderate environments• Develop adaptive mechanisms • Cellular restorations

– Is a process that takes place within the cells of all organisms • Approximately 60% of the energy contained in glucose

molecules is released in the form of heat

Different types of animals• Cold-blooded animals can maintain a higher internal

temperatures than some that are considered warm-blooded– This occurs due to a hot climate in the environment they are in – Animals such as reptiles and fish are classified as poikilotherms

deriving from the Greek word, poikilos which means changable• Warm-blooded primarily birds and mammals, can

maintain a fairly constant body temperature– These animals are called homeotherms deriving from the

Greek word homos which means “same”

Animals and their Metabolism

• Smaller animals have much higher rates of metabolism– This means their cellular process takes place more

quickly in smaller animals than larger animals– This higher metabolic rate is necessary because

smaller animals lose a greater percentage of the heat they generate into the environment

Pg. 35

Josh, Trey, Cole

First paragraph

• Poikilotherms rely on higher temperatures• Poikilotherms’ metabolisms slows down and

they burrow as temperatures get lower • Rattle snakes need to bask in the sun for

energy• When they become too hot, they hide in the

shade to cool off their body temperature

Second paragraph

• Fish swim from place to place in order to find better temperatures that suit their bodies

• When the surfaces of lakes freeze the layer of the ice keeps the water below a proper temperature for the fish

• Amphibians live in cold climates, they hibernate during the coldest parts of winter ----- cold blooded

Third paragraph

• Pelicans maintain a constant body temperature, therefore they are able to withstand a wide variety of temperatures

• Humans prefer a higher temperature, but they can also live in below freezing temperatures

Some Like it Hot

By: Eddy Mellow, William Schlafly, Alexander Glover

Pg. 36, Humans and Many other homeotherms…

• Homeotherms have body systems that regulate there internal temperature.

• This is much like a thermostat.• If the temperature rises or falls to much the

brain signals different parts of the body, to initiate processes like those shown on the next slide.

When Homeotherms Get to Hot

• Metabolism decreases, in turn less heat is produced.

• Perspiration moves heat out of body. • Blood flow to skin surface increases heat loss.•

When body Temperature

• Metabolism increases so more heat is produced• Heat becomes to provide insulation for example goose

bumps for humans.• Blood flow to skin surface decreases to decrease heat

loss• Homeotherms do several different things, for examples

humans shiver when cold to add more body temperature to the internal temperature. Along with feather to regulate heat. Along with muscles near the skin pull hair to trap hair.