introduction of human anatomy and physiology.pptx
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction of HumanAnatomy and Physiology
By :Aguslina Kirtishanti
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REFERENCES
Martini FH, 2006, Fundamentals ofAnatomy Physiology, 7th edition,
Benjamin Cummings, San Fransisco,CA 94111, SA!
Fo" S#, 1999, Human Physiology,6th edition, Mc$ra%&Hi'' Co(an), SA!
$u)ton AC, 2000, !e"t#oo$%edical of Physiology, 10th edition, *B Saunder Co,
+hi'ade'(hia, SA!
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&EFINI!I'N
Anatom) the stud) o- interna' ande"terna' structures o- the .od) and
(h)sica' re'ationshi(s among .od)(arts!
+h)sio'og) is the stud) o- the-unction o- anatomica' structures!
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(e)el of 'rgani*ation
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!he 'rgan System
/he #ntegumentar) S)stem /he Se'eta' S)stem /he Muscu'ar S)stem
/he erous S)stem /he 3ndocrine S)stem /he Cardioascu'ar S)stem /he )m(hatic S)stem
/he 5es(irator) S)stem /he igestie S)stem /he rinar) S)stem /he 5e(roductie S)stem Ma'e and
Fema'e8
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Homeostasis
Homeostasis +h)sio'ogica' s)stems%or together to maintain a sta.'einterna' enironment!
Fai'ure to maintain homeostasis dueto i''ness or een death!
/%o genera' mechanism are ino'ed
in homeostasic regu'ation 1! Autoregu'ation or intrinsic regu'ation2! 3"trinsic regu'ation
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Homeostasis
A homeostatic regu'ator)mechanism consists o- three (arts
1! 5ece(tor2! Contro' center! 3:ector
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Homeostasis
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Homeostasis
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Homeostasis
/he homeostatic regu'ator)mechanism ino'e
1! egatie -eed.ac2! +ositie -eed.ac
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Cellular (e)el'rgani*ation
/he .asic conce(ts o- this theor) 1! Ce''s are the .ui'ding .'ocs o- a''
('ants and anima's!2! A'' ce''s come -rom the diision o-(ree"isting ce''s!
! Ce''s are the sma''est units that
(er-orm a'' ita' (h)sio'ogica' -unctions!4! 3ach ce'' maintains homeostasis at the
ce''u'ar 'ee'!
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!he Cell
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!he Cell %em#rane
Functions o- ce'' mem.rane 1! +h)sica' iso'ation2! 5egu'ation o- e"change %ith the
enironment! Sensitiit) to the enironment4! Structura' su((ort
. /he ce'' mem.rane is e"treme') thin andde'icate, ranging -rom 6 to 10 nm inthicness! /his mem.rane contain 'i(ids,(roteins and car.oh)drates!
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!he Cell %em#rane
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!he Cell %em#rane
%em#rane (i+idsPhos+holi+id #ilayer 42;8, in each ha'- o-the .i'a)er, the (hos(ho'i(id 'ie %ith their
hydro+hilic heads at the mem.ranesur-ace and their hydro+ho#ic tails on theinside!
%em#rane Proteins
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!he Cell %em#rane
/he -unctiona' (rotein inc'ude the-o''o%ing
1! Anchoring (roteins2! 5ecognition (roteins! 3n=)mes4! 5ece(tor (roteins
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!he Cell %em#rane
%em#rane Car#ohydrates /he car.oh)drates in the ce'' mem.rane arecom(onents o- com('e" mo'ecu'es such as
(roteog')cans, g')co(roteins and g')co'i(ids! /he -unction o- mem.rane car.oh)drates are 1! u.rication and (rotection2! Anchoring and 'ocomotion! S(eci>cit) in .inding4! 5ecognition
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Ho- !hings .et Into and 'utof Cells
/he three major categories are as -o''o%s 1! i:usion sim('e di:usion and osmosis!
i:usion is a (assie (rocess!2! Carrier&mediated trans(ort! #t can .e
(assie or actie! For e"am('es -aci'itated di:usion, the sodium&
(otassium e"change (um(, secondar)actie trans(ort!
! ?esicu'ar trans(ort endoc)tosis ande"oc)tosis!
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E/'C0!'SIS
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EN&'C0!'SIS
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B'&0 !ISS1ES
3(ithe'ia' /issue sim('e e(ithe'ia danstrati>ed e(ithe'ia, g'andu'ar e(ithe'ia
Connectie /issues .one, h)a'inecarti'age, dense >.rous tissue, areo'artissue, adi(ose tissue, reticu'arconnectie tissue, .'ood!
eura' /issue neuron dan su((ortingce''s!
Musc'e /issue se'eta' musc'e tissue,smooth musc'e tissue, cardiac musc'e
tissue!
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!ERI%AKASIH