introduction - carleton universitytjs/spice.pdf · -the title must be the first line in the netlist...

INTRODUCTION

Unix

Spice

Excel

INTRODUCTION TO UNIX

Unix is an Operating System like Windows and Mac OSX, and similar to Linux, Sun

Solaris and DOS

Unix is an Operating system like Windows and Mac OSX, and similar to Linux and

Sun Solaris, DOS

DIRECTORY STRUCTURE• Command lines are typed in the ‘Terminal’ or ‘Console’:• The backslash (/) is the root: /home/bdej/Projects/…• This is similar to Windows Explorer where you have folders within folders (Ex. C:\Documents\Music\Artists\…)•Linux uses ‘/‘ Windows uses ‘\’

http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/unixintro.html

$ pwd

PRINT WORKING DIRECTORY

LIST FILES/DIRECTORIES$ ls

LIST FILES/DIRECTORIES$ ls -altrLists all files in detail (even those that are normally hidden)

CHANGE DIRECTORY$ cd MyFolder

CHANGE DIRECTORY$ cd ~Go to home directory: /home/userName

CHANGE DIRECTORY$ cd ..Goes back one directory (ie. parent directory)

MAKE A DIRECTORY$ mkdir MyFolder

$ ls

WILDCARD ‘*”

MORE…• Copy: $ cp t.doc /home/bdej/MyFolder_3/t.doc• Remove: rm , rmdir• Move: mv (also used to rename files)• OpenOffice: $ office• Acrobat Reader: $ acroread• Emacs [simple text editor]: $ emacs

•Tabs finish typing for you !

SHORTCUTS• Control C cancels the current process• Tab fills in the rest of a filename if it exists in the current directory• goes to previously typed command lines• more filename shows the text of the file in the console• & allows your command to be executed in the background (ie. the next console command line can be typed without interrupting its progress)ex. $ Office &

SPICE is a program which can be used to simulate analog electronic circuits

Analog filter circuits have a parameter called a ‘Transfer Function’ which maps input to output

with relation to frequency

v_in v_outcircuit



music

A netlist is a text version of the circuit which describes the components and values for the

computer to interpret and solve



* Basic DC circuitV1 1 0 20R1 3 1 4kR2 3 2 10kV2 2 0 -10R3 3 0 8k.OP.END



* Series_RLC CircuitV1 1 0 SIN(0 5 1k) AC 1R1 2 1 50L1 2 3 100mHC1 3 0 1uF.AC DEC 100 1 10k.END

HSpice is a software program that simulates electronic circuits and outputs the circuits’ basic characteristics such as:

–Voltage–Current–Resistance

at any location in the circuit

HSpice is a version used in Unix

PSpice is a version used in Windows

WHAT IS HSPICE?

• Create an HSpice input file that describes the circuit

• Run HSpice

• Inspect the output

WORKFLOW

R_R1 1 0 100

C_C1 1 2 0.01592u

V_V1 2 0 dc 0.0 ac 1.0 sin(0.0 1.0 1.0 0 0)

nodevalue

- A netlist describes the circuit to the program

- Node 0 is always GROUND

name

THE NETLIST

-The title must be the first line in the netlist (in order to recognize the options command)- R1 = 100Ω (Ohms)- C1 = 0.01592uF (micro Farads) with initial condition of 0- V1 = sine wave with 1Hz frequency, 0 to 1V magnitude- Print ac voltage at node 1- Want 100 frequency points from 0.001 to 1e+06

Title “my filter circuit”.options ingold=2R_R1 1 0 100C_C1 1 2 0.01592u IC=0V_V1 2 0 dc 0.0 ac 1.0 sin(0.0 1.0 1.0 0 0).print ac V(1).ac LIN 100 0.001 1e+06.op.END

THE INPUT FILE

Use a text editor to create the above file:

$emacs &

Save as myFilter.sp

SAVE INPUT FILE

$hspice myFilter.netlist >myFilter.lis &

This line tells HSpice to simulate your input file and output the results in “myFilter.lis”

View the output file with Star Office:

$office &

RUN HSPICE

Microsoft Excel (Windows) is an important tool in undergrad (and I don’t know how to graph properly using a Star Office spreadsheet).

Copy/paste the relevant data into Excel, then choose:

Data Text to Columns… Delimited Space

Can also open the document in excel, and you will be asked for the delimiter automatically

Produce a neat-looking graph.

INSPECT THE OUTPUT

0

0

1

1

1

0E+00 2.5E+05 5.0E+05 7.5E+05 1.0E+06

Frequency Response of a High Pass Filter using HSpice

Voltage [V]

INSPECT THE OUTPUT

• 3-terminals: Collector, Base, and Emitter

• Common Emitter Amplifier

• input = base with respect to the emitter

• output = collector with respect to the emitter

• Most commonly used configuration for transistor-based amplifiers as it produces the highest voltage, current, and power gain.

Input Voltage

Output Voltage

BIPOLAR JUNCTION

0

1.3

2.5

3.8

5.0

0E+00 1E-08 2E-08 3E-08 4E-08

Voltage at Collector and Base of a BJT using HSpice

Volta

ge [V

]

Time [s]

BaseCollector

OUTPUT FROM HSPICE

TIPS IN EXCEL

• In the menu, choose Format Cells

Time [s] Vout [V]0.E+00 0.0001.E-10 -0.0082.E-10 -0.0073.E-10 0.0344.E-10 0.1405.E-10 0.3226.E-10 0.5887.E-10 0.9348.E-10 1.3559.E-10 1.8391.E-09 2.373

Scientific Notation: 0 decimals

Number: 3 decimals

FORMAT CELLS

Excel can split text from one column into multiple columns using the command “Text to Columns”

• $ is used with cell coordinates, signifies leaving that coordinate constant

• Example: rearrange v=d/t to give d=v*t

The code

$

• Other: transpose, add…

• Example: Make a row of data negative

• Copy cell with -1 value, highlight cells that you want to become negative of the current values, Edit Paste Special Multiply

Positive“not yet

Negative” 0.400 0.400 -1-0.008 -0.008 -0.007 -0.007

Positive Negative0.400 -0.400-0.008 0.008-0.007 0.007

PASTE SPECIAL

• Right-click on a data point, choose Add Trendline using type: Linear, options: display equation on chart and R squared value.

0

2.8

5.5

8.3

11.0

0 2.50 5.00 7.50 10.00

y = 1.0022x + 0.3231R² = 1

w_p

[um

]

w_n [um]

BEST FIT LINE

• must have the Analysis Toolpak (go to Tools Add-ins, and install).

• tools - data analysis - regression - x and y ranges - click residuals

SUMMARY OUTPUT

Regression StatisticsRegression Statistics

Multiple R 0.999997109R Square 0.999994218

Adjusted R Square 0.999991328Standard Error 1182.326494

Observations 4

End

STATISTICS

NOW TO APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE!