ANTHROPOLOGY

THE STUDY OF HUMANITY FROM ITS EVOLUTIONARY ORIGINS TO TODAYS CULTURAL DIVERSITY

KEY CONCEPT

CULTURE KNOWLEDGE OF HOW TO ACT AS A

MEMBER OF SOCIETY KNOWLEDGE OF EXPECTATIONS KNOWLEDGE OF APPROPRIATE AND

WRONGFUL ACTIONS

ANTHROPOLOGY

FOCUS ON STUDY OF HUMANS AND ALL ASPECTS OF BEING HUMAN

DIFFERENT FROM OTHER SOCIAL SCIENCES IN TIME AND SCOPE

KEY CONCEPTS DISTINGUISH ANTHROPOLOGY FROM OTHER SOCIAL SCIENCES.

KEY CONCEPTS

CULTURE SOCIETY HOLISTIC PERSPECTIVE ETHNOCENTRISM CULTURAL RELATIVISM GLOBALIZATION

SOCIETY

SHARED GEOGRAPHICAL TERRITORY PEOPLE LIVING IN ORGANIZED

GROUPS WITH SOCIAL ROLES AND STATUSES

SOCIAL RELATIONS BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS OF INDIVIDUALS

INTERDEPENDENCE

COMPONENTS OF CULTURE

Language Making a Living and Economic System Social Organization, Kinship, Descent, and

Marriage Enculturation: How we learn our culture Political Organization; Culture Change Religion; Arts Concepts of Illness and Disease

ENCULTURATION

CULTURE IS LEARNED AND TRAMSMITTED FROM ONE GENERATION TO ANOTHER

LEARN WHATS IMPORTANT TO KNOW TO ACT AS A MEMBER OF YOUR CULTURE

ENCULTURATION IS SHAPED BY KEY CULTURAL VAUES

ANTHROPOLOGY IS A UNIQUE SOCIAL SCIENCE

Time Depth Global Focus Comparative Approach Holistic Four Field Approach Core Concept of Culture Globalization

HOLISTIC

Culture as an integrated whole. All parts of culture are interconnected

No part of culture can be studied in isolation

Studying culture involves studying the cultural models people have learned

Key Question: Why does this behavior/emotion make sense in this culture?

EXAMPLE OF HOLISM

Arrangement of Furniture in USA reflects core cultural value of individualism

Individual bedrooms reflect value on individualism & consistent with an economy where families are dependent on individual wage earners

COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE

Cultural data is drawn from throughout the world and from throughout human history

Collect data about behavior and beliefs in many societies in order to understand the diversity of human behavior and emotions

Understand common patterns in ways people adapt to their environment, adjust to their neighbors, and develop cultural institutions

CULTURE

Learned values, beliefs, rules of conduct shared to some extent by the members of society, that govern peoples behavior and the way people think about themselves and the world.

Everything that people have, think, feel, act and do as members of a society

All cultures are comprised of material objects; ideas, values, attitudes and patterned ways of behaving.

Four Fields

ARCHAEOLOGY BIOLOGICAL OR PHYSICAL

ANTHROPOLOGY ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUISTICS CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY

ARCHAEOLOGY

STUDY OF PAST CULTURES PREHISTORIC AND HISTORIC RELAY ON EVIDENCE (ARTIFACTS)

FROM MATERIAL CULTURE AND THE SITES WHERE PEOPLE LIVED

EVIDENCE REVEALS HOW PEOPLE LIVED AND RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GROUPS OF PEOPLE.

ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUISTICS

STUDY OF LANGUAGE AND THE SPEAKERS USE OF LANGUAGE AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND OTHER ASPECTS OF CULTURE AND SOCIETY

CULTURE IS LEARNED THROUGH LANGUAGE

HISTORIC AND DESCRIPTIVE LINGUISTICS

PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

Biological Anthropology Study of Human origins (evolution) and

contemporary Human variation Primate social organization Interface between biology and culture.

Example-Andes greater lung capacity adaptation to low oxygen

HUMAN VARIATION

Race is always a social not a biological concept

Conventional Classification of Race is pseudoscience.

Hair texture, skin color and facial characteristics are arbitrary and randomly selected

Skin tone is function of evolutionary adaptation to climate

Race as conventionally used is wrong!

APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY

SOLVES PROBLEMS PRESERVES CULTURAL INTEGRITY OF

GROUP OF PEOPLE RELIES ON CULTURAL GROUP FOR

INFORMATION ABOUT HOW THEY WANT THE PROBLEM SOLVES

APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY

MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGIST BRIDGES DISCIPLINE OF CULTURAL

ANTHROPOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

STUDIES SUSCEPTIBILITIES AND RESISTANCE OF CERTAIN POPULATION TO SPECIFIC DISEASE

STUDIES HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM

FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY

SUB-FIELD WITHIN BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

ANALYZE HUMAN REMAINS IN SERVICE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND FAMILIES OF DISASTER VICTIMS

HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES GENOCIDE

APPLIED ARCHAEOLOGY

CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT APPLICATION OF ARCHAEOLOGY TO

PRESERVE AND PROTECT HISTORIC STRUCTURES AND PREHISTORIC SITES

OUTGROWTH OF FEDERAL AND STATE LAWS TO PROTECT PREHISTORIC AND HISTORIC SITES

CONTRACT ARCHAEOLOGY

APPLICATION OF ARCHAEOLOGY TO ASSES THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF CONSTRUCTION ON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES

SALVAGE ARCHAEOLOGY

CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY

The ways people organize their living in societies

The study of cultural behavior in recent and contemporary cultures

Ethnology-building theories to explain cultural practices based on comparative study of societies throughout the world

Ethnography, a holistic intensive study of groups, through observation, interview and participation

CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY

ETHNOGRAPHY ETHNOGRAPHER FIELD WORK PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

ETHNOCENTRISM

The widespread human tendency to perceive to perceive the ways of doing things and beliefs about things in ones culture as normal and natural and that of others as strange, inferior, and possibly un-natural

Ones own culture is superior, the best and others are inferior

Everybody everywhere is a little ethnocentric

CULTURAL RELATIVISM

Counters Ethnocentrism Stresses the importance of analyzing

cultures in their own terms rather than in terms of the culture of the anthropologist

This does not mean that all cultural practices, cultural beliefs and behaviors can be condone

Different from ethical relativismall right and wrong relative to time, place, and culture so that no moral judgments of behavior can be made

GLOBALIZATION

DISTINGUISHES ANTHROPOLOGY FROM OTHER SOCIAL SCIENCES

CULTURAL CONTACT AND CONTACT CHANGES SPECIFIC CULTURES

RAPID TRANSFORMATION OF CULTURES WORLD WIDE IN RESPONSE TO ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL INFLUENCES

GLOBALIZATION

OCCURRED IN THE PAST WHEN STATES AND EMPIRES EXPANDED THEIR INFLUENCE BEYOND THEIR BOARDERS

COLONIALISM CONTEMPORARY GLOBALIZATION

BASED ON INTERCONNECTED ECONOMIES CHANGE CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS AT THE LOCAL LEVEL

AMERICANIZATION

BY PRODUCT OF GLOBALIZATION THE SPREAD OF DOMINANT

AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN CULTURAL PRACTICES, CONSUMERISM, CULTURAL ICONS, AND MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT