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Introducing Low GWP Refrigerants: Australia’s experience
Greg Picker
Australia similar to a developing country?
Some shared attributes :§ Hot ambient temperatures§ Little domestic manufacturing§ Little influence on technology
offerings§ End of a long, and often complicated,
supply chain§ Increasing percentage of gas imports
in pre-charged equipment
Impact of equipment sales by typeBreakdown of current market
in CO2-e
MACs SplitsRefrigeration Other AC
Future Breakdown
MACs SplitsRefrigeration Other AC
A reduction of imports (CO2-e) in equipment by 44%
Analyses on Australian import data
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
20092010
20112012
20132014
20152016
20172018
0500
1000150020002500
20102011
20122013
20142015
20162017
20182019
Bulk Gases Average GWPAverage GWP - equipmentLinear (Average GWP - equipment)
Percentage imports of refrigerant in equipment
Average GWP imported refrigerant
Direct emissions (actual) by species from 2016 to 2030 (Mt CO2e)
Figure 1: RCFC: Direct emissions (actual) by species from 2016 to 2030 in Mt CO2e.
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
GWP <10
GWP <1000
GWP <2150
HFC-Mix
HFC-32
HFC-407C
HFC-410A
HCF-404A
HCF-134a
HCFC-123
HCFC-22
Refrigerant emissions are about 10% of total emissions
Conclusions on 8 years of data• Abrupt policy change and uncertainty – a three
year carbon tax for example – can make markets act unpredictably, and poorly
• Longer trends are apparent – they need to be expeditedo Reductions in emissions – better
equipment, better handling, and fewer leaks
o Gradual transition to lower GWP gases without picking winners
Introducing low GWP refrigerants in Australia: The example of R32
• R32 has had quick – and early - acceptance into Australia (second after Japan)
• Initial concerns about R32 as an A2L refrigerant – industry worked together to resolve issue
• Strong growth in low GWP refrigerants from leading companies – R32 and HFO chillers introduced
• Education and training on R32 has been strong, but more universal training needed
• Some ill-informed criticism on safety aspects of R32
Why was R32 introduced early into Australia?
u Technician Licencingu Capacity to roll out training
nationallyu Ability to get everyone in a single
room
Challenges in introducing R32
u Standardsu Tanks and Valvesu Supply across a big
countryu Recovery of a
flammable refrigerant
Thanks for your time!!
Greg [email protected]