making moder living possible -...
TRANSCRIPT
www.danfoss.com/lowGWP
73EUR tax increase
per kilo R404A by 2016 in Spain including imports and exports.
Be ready for the F-gas regulationSave money with Danfoss’ portfolioDanfoss’ portfolio for low-GWP (Global Warming Potential) refrigerants enables you to build climate friendly and sustainable solutions and save money on price increases or government taxes.
MAKING MODERN LIVING POSSIBLE
We will proactively develop products for low-GWP refrigerants, both natural and synthetic, to fulfill customers’ needs for practical and safe solutions without compromising energy efficiency.
We support the establishment of a global regimen through the Montreal Protocol to phase down emissions of high-GWP refrigerants to provide for long-term production of very small quantities of HFCs for critical needs.
We will lead and be recognised in the development of natural
refrigerant solutions.
Danfoss encourages the further development and use of low-GWP refrigerants to help slow, and ultimately reverse, the process of global warming while helping to ensure continued global wellbeing and economic development along with the future viability of our industry.
Policy Statement
We will enable our customers to achieve these refrigerant goals
while continuing to enhance the energy efficiency
of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment.
HFC Phase-down (Proposal by EU Commission)
EU F-gas regulations
HFC Phase-down (US Proposal)
US, other developed countriesDeveloping countries
HCFC Phase-out
US, other developed countriesEU regulationsDeveloping countries
Refrigerant control schedulesThe graph below shows the phase-out of HCFC refrigerants as agreed under the Montreal Protocol and the various proposals for HFC phase-down. Initial slope of HFC proposals are indicative and not part of the proposals.
Perhaps the most effective mechanism of the F-gas regulation will be the GWP-based phase-down of HFC refriger-ants. The phase-down will effectively reduce the supply of high-GWP refrigerants to where demand cannot be met. In turn, this will lead to significantly higher prices on HFC refrigerants. The higher the GWP, the higher the price. Al-though transitional refrigerants such as R407A and R407F are not directly affected by refrigerant bans in the near term, prices will undoubtedly increase and may become prohibitive in most applications with more than a few kg. charge.
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
20102005 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Year
Maxim
um consum
ption as % of baseline
Refrigeration Air Conditioning
Refrigerant Application/Region
Domestic – household refrigerators
Mobile – containers, trucks
Light Commercial Commercial Industrial Air
Conditioning Heat pumps
50-300 W 100-10,000 W 150-5,000 W > 5,000 W > 100,000 W All All
Today 2020 Today 2020 Today 2020 Today 2020 Today 2020 Today 2020 Today 2020
CO2
Europe
North America
Rest of the world
NH3
Europe
North America
Rest of the world
HC
Europe
North America
Rest of the world
HFC
Europe
North America
Rest of the world
Mildly flammable HFC and HFO
Europe
North America
Rest of the world
The refrigeration and air conditioning industry has made tremendous progress over the past two decades in reducing the use of ozone-depleting refrigerants. Seen from a global perspective, the tendency is that the industry is moving more and more toward natural refrigerants where this is technologically feasible. Synthetic refrigerants are still likely to play a large role in the refrigeration and air conditioning industry, but this will be in minimal charge systems and with new low-GWP substances. Parameters such as efficiency, safety, environmental impact, relatively short atmospheric lifetimes, chemical properties and economy all influence the choice of future refrigerant options. Below is a brief overview of the refrigerant benefits in various applications.
CO2 (R744)• The low-GWP nature of CO
2 lends itself well to food
retail applications, where there is a minimal impact in case of leaks and where the thermodynamic properties make it the ideal media for heat recovery
• Transcritical CO2 cycles reject a large proportion of
the cycle heat at high temperatures which makes it suitable for heat pumps
• In industrial refrigeration, CO2 provides a means to
reduce the charge of Ammonia, increase efficiency and decrease the footprint of freezing equipment
• In transport refrigeration, light commercial applications and electronics cooling, CO
2 provides
a non-flammable, environmentally benign solution
Ammonia (NH3)• Ammonia is one of the most energy efficient
refrigerants in applications ranging from high to low temperatures. With the increasing focus on energy consumption, ammonia is a safe and sustainable choice for the future
• Ammonia has better heat transfer properties than most of chemical refrigerants and therefore plant construction cost will be lower. These properties also benefit the thermodynamic efficiency in the system, hence it reduces the operating costs
• With a GWP and ODP (Ozone Depletion Potential) equal to zero ammonia is a very environmentally friendly refrigerant
• In many countries the cost of ammonia (per kg) is considerably lower than the cost of HFCs
Hydrocarbons (R290, R600)• Provides high energy-efficiency and capacities
compared to HFCs• The flammability limits the use to small systems and
chillers (e.g. chillers for food retail systems or for air conditioning for a whole building)
• Allows for very low evaporating temperatures without overheating the compressor when used in heat pumps (with HFCs you need to supplement with an electrical heating element for the really cold days)
HFC• A transitional solution that can be used in retrofitting
high-GWP HFC systems. Typically R407A/F replacing R404A
Refrigerant benefits in your application
Overview of refrigerant trends
Main refrigerant Some use Limited use and only niche applications Not applicable or unclear situation
CO2
HC
R32
R407A/F
NH3
Mildly flammable HFC & HFO• The low GWP and low flammability makes it suitable
for relatively large systems• Especially interesting for air conditioning where there
is a lack of ultra low-GWP natural alternatives• Also suitable for refrigeration systems where
traditional HFC system design can be used with minor modifications (often with a minor performance decrease)
Danfoss’ approval processDanfoss uses a thorough approval process when releasing products for flammable refrigerants. The major steps includes:
• Ensure compliance with the EU Pressure Equipment Regulation 97/23/EC (PED) for fluid group I. Attain 3rd party approval if needed
• Evaluate ignition sources for compliance with ATEX zone 2. Attain 3rd party approval if needed
• Evaluate or test chemical compatibility between elastomers and the specific flammable refrigerants in question
• Update internal documentation to ensure future product changes will take flammability into account
• Update literature, capacity tables and other relevant documentation for Danfoss customers
The approval process is one part of the continuous risk evaluation process that guides our approach to flammable refrigerants. This process continuously evaluates the legislation, safety standards and the industry’s experience with flammable refrigerants. The outcome is a continuously updated internal framework for sales and product design matching the market needs while prioritising safety.
Products for low-GWP refrigerantsRefrigerants
Product grouping Product Product description CO2 NH3
R290, R600 R32 R407A R407F
Electronic controllers
AK-PC 7XX Advanced pack controllers
AK-PC 351/ 5XX Standard pack controllers
AK-CC 550/750 Case controller for electronic expansion valves
AK-CC 250/350/450
Case controller for thermostatic expansion valves
EKC 326a CO2 gas pressure controllers
MCX Programmable controllers
EIM 336, EKD 316, EXD 316
Electronic superheat controllers1
EKC 316A, EKC 312
EKC 313 Cascade injection with CO2
EKC 315a Superheat controllers
EKC 347 Liquid level controllers
EKC 361 Temperature controllers
Compressors
MTZReciprocating compressor for medium temperature refrigeration2
MLZScroll compressor for medium temperature refrigeration2
ASL Scroll compressor for air conditioning2
P/T/D/N/SCAC reciprocating compressor for LBP/MBP refrigeration
SLVVariable speed reciprocating compressor for LBP/MBP refrigeration
BD AC/DC compressors for mobile cooling
Optyma™Condensing Units for low and medium refrigeration
Electronic expansion valves
AKV
Pulse width modulating expansion valves
46 bar
AKVA 42 bar
AKVH 90 bar
CCM High pressure standstill capable motorized expansion valves
90 bar
CCMT 140 bar
ETSElectronically operated expansion valves
ICM Industrial motorized expansion valves 65 bar
ICMTSHigh pressure industrial motorized expansion valves
140 bar
Electronic pressure & temperature regulating valves
CCM Standstill capable electronic backpressure regulators
90 bar
CCMT 140 bar
KVS Electronic suction modulating valves
ICM Industrial motorized regulating valves 65 bar
ICMTSHigh pressure industrial motorized regulating valves
140 bar
Sensors & transmitters
AKS 32 1-5/0-10/0-5/1-6 Vdc, high accuracy 100 bar
AKS 32 R0.5 – 4.5 Vdc@5 V supply, ratiometric, compact
55 bar
AKS 33 4-20 mA, high accuracy 55 bar
AKS 3000 4-20 mA, compact 100 bar
AKS 11
Temperature sensors, Pt 1000
AKS 12
AKS 21
GD Gas detecting sensors
Heat exchangersMPHE MicroPlate heat exchangers
MCHE MicroChannel heat exchangers
1 Parameters for other refrigerants can be entered manually2 Qualification in progress
Refrigerants
Product grouping Product Product description CO2 NH3
R290, R600 R32 R407A R407F
Thermostatic expansion valves
TUB/TCBStainless steel thermostatic expansion valves
42 bar
TUC/TCC 42 bar
T2 Small thermostatic expansion valves
TD1 Thermostatic expansion valves
TGE Large thermostatic expansion valves
TEA Industrial thermostatic expansion valves
Solenoid valves
EVR Allround solenoid valves
EVRA Solenoid valves 42 bar
EVRH High pressure solenoid valves 46 bar
EVU Semi-hermetic solenoid valves 70 bar
EVUL Fully-hermetic solenoid valves 90 bar
ICLX Flexline™ solenoid valves 52 bar
Valve stations ICF Flexline™ valve stations 52 bar
Mechanical pressure & temperature regulating valves
KVD Receiver pressure regulators
KVC Capacity regulators
KVL Crankcase pressure regulators
KVP Evaporating pressure regulators
KVR Condensing pressure regulators
CPCE Hot gas bypass regulating valves
ICS Mechanical backpressure regulators 52 bar
REG-S Flexline™ regulating valves 52 bar
Switches
AKS 38 Electro-mechanical float switches 28 bar
KPPressure switches
46 bar
RT
MPDifferential pressure switches
RT
CCB Cartridge pressure controls 165 bar
Water regulating valves
WVFX
Pressure operated water valves
WVO
WVS
Filters & driers
DCR
Receiver filter driers
46 bar
DMC
DCC
DMLLiquid line filter driers
46 bar
DCL
DMBBi-flow filter driers
46 bar
DCB
DAS Burn-out filter driers
DMT Filter driers for transcritical applications 140 bar
FIA Flexline™ filters 65 bar
Check valves
NRVPiston check valves
90 bar
NRVA
CHV-X Flexline™ check valves 65 bar
SCA-X Flexline™ check & stop valves 65 bar
Shut-off valves
GBC Shut-off ball valves 90 bar
BML Shut-off diaphragm valves
SVA Flexline™ stop valves 65 bar
Sight glasses
SG Sight glasses for low pressures
SGP Sight glasses for high pressures 52 bar
MLI Sight glasses
Our portfolio is constantly being updated – to see an updated list of our low-GWP products go to www.danfoss.com/lowGWP.Please contact your local Danfoss sales office for further documentation and support.
Thinking aboutClimate SustainabilityDanfoss encourages the industry to continue to speed up its contribution to a cleaner environment and a cleaner image! We are committed to improving the climate by providing the world of refrigeration and air conditioning with greener technology.
For many years, Danfoss has focused on natural refrigerants (low-GWP) for many years and today boasts a broad product range for NH3, HC and CO2 refrigerant applications. Many of the already available technologies, products and services from Danfoss Refrigeration and Air Conditioning can save energy and minimise the Green House Gasses (GHG) emissions. And we continue to develop new components suitable for natural refrigerants.
DKRCC.PB.000.M1.02 / 520H8426 Danfoss A/S, February-2014
Read more about energy efficiency and your refrigerant options – including CO2, Ammonia, hydrocarbons, and R32 www.danfoss.com/lowGWP
Danfoss – your expert in solutions for today’s and tomorrow’s refrigerant challenges. For more information please visit us at danfoss.com or contact your local Danfoss sales office.