intro to the early industrial revolution 1793-1850 1.how do inventions and technology impact...
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Intro to the Early Industrial Revolution 1793-1850
1. How do inventions and technology impact people’s lives in positive, negative, and unexpected ways?
2. Why did major aspects of the Industrial Revolution begin in the North, as opposed to the South?
3. How did life change from people living on a farm, when most goods were grown by or made by hand, to getting goods from a factory and living in a city?
4. How did the Industrial Revolution both strengthen and weaken the nation? What conflicts arose as Industrial Revolution ‘gained steam’?
Industrial Revolution • Industrial –
• Revolution –
Industrial Revolution: a time of dramatic change from late 1700s to mid-1800s,
where production transitioned from hand tools and handmade items
to products which were mass produced by machines, where goods became more
widely available, and where/how people lived is dramatically altered.
Where did it start? Why?
• Expanding Empire & Economy
• Location!
• Agriculture Revolution
• Stable Economy & Government
• Technology Advancements
Inventions and
Innovations
Labor/Immigration
Urbanization
Use of Land/Need for Land
Changes the way people
make $$
Inventions and
Innovations
Labor/Immigration
Urbanization
Use of Land/Need for Land
Changes/Affects:who is working – how work is done by people vs. machinesspeed – time it takescapacity – how much can get done
Change the way people make $$
Spinning Wheel -- created in 1200s, largely unchanged for centuries
Early 17th century
China, 13th century
Early 18th century
Key Issue: How to Spin cleaned cotton or wool into
thread
Key Invention B: Spinning Jennies
What can it do faster?
How does capacity change?
Key Issue: This is all done using what for energy?
Key Inventions C: Water Power!
• Water Powered Carding Mill
• Water Powered Saw Mill
• Water Powered Jenny
What can these do faster?
How does capacity change?
Key Invention D: The Water Powered Loom
• Faster: • sped up the
time it took to weave cloth
Capacity• Weavers
actually able to weave all the thread produced by the Jennies
The next major invention was water powered looms. They allowed workers spin more thread into cloth by using water power to spin the looms. These machines were big, powerful, and expensive as well.
Why? Transportation & Energy!
What resources are valued?
Water!!!
Inventions and Innovations
Labor/Immigration
Urbanization
Use of Land/Need for Land
Changes/Affects:How land is usedValue of land based on location/natural resourcesDesire for more land as capacity grows
Change the way people make $$
Why the North?
• Powerful Rivers (New England)• Coal and Steel Resources(In Pennsylvania) for STEAM ENGINES• Ports for shipping overseas
Inventions and Innovations
Changes/Affects:who is working – how work is done by people vs. machinesspeed – time it takescapacity – how much can get done
Labor/Immigration
Urbanization
Changes/Affects:Where people liveHow people live
Use of Land/Need for Land
Changes/Affects:How land is usedValue of land based on location/natural resourcesDesire for more land as capacity grows
Change the way people make $$
Doing one piece of the job, exact same thing every day
Owners building/designing factory/town to help make $$
Changes/Affects:Who is the ideal worker?
What groups of people migrate to industrial areas
From this….
To this….
URBANIZATION….
(creation of cities)
Positive Effects:-better transportation (roads, railroads, steamboats)-greater access to goods-more work opportunity for men and women
Urbanization(creation of cities)
Negative Effects-Crowded living conditions-spread of disease-more abuse of workers-Racism and Sexism -Child Labor
Inventions and Innovations Labor/Immigration
Urbanization Use of Land/Need for Land
Doing one piece of the job, exact same thing every day
Owners building/designing factory/town to help make $$
Change the Way People Make $$
Interchangeable Parts standard parts of equipment that can be used to build new tools or machines
Examples
1800 gun making Ex. 1840 Lowell Mill Girls
Inventions and Innovations
Labor/Immigration
Urbanization
Use of Land/Need for Land
Changes/Affects:Who is the ideal worker?
What groups of people migrate to industrial areas
Ways people make $$
Labor/Immirgration• Who is ideal worker?• unskilled, cheap,
• women and young children
• Why Immigrate ?• 1840s : more work, cheaper
transportation, more economic opportunity
• Which groups • Irish: Escape Famine
• Germans: escape political revolution
Rhode Island Mill System: Sam Slater
• Read over your section once• Then go back and underline key parts based on your groups
question• Write notes in the margins to help explain the answer
Group 1: Read paragraph #1 of “Role of the Mill Village” -How did the Mill owners recruit workers?-Where did Mill Workers live?
Group 2: Read Paragraph #2,#3, #4 of Role of Mill Village-Describe the typical worker? -Why were these workers valued?
Group 3: Read Paragraph 1-2 “Wages and Working Conditions”-Describe how the Mill Owners had power over the workers-Define Credit System
Group #4
Read Paragraph #4 and 5 of “Wages and Working Conditions”
-How did the credit system work?
-Was the credit system fair? Why or why not?
Group #5
Read Paragraph #6 and #7 of Wages and Working Conditions
-How did owners control the day to day lives of mill workers
-Did the mill owners value education? Why or why not?
The Slater “Hustle”:
Factory Owners
Mill Workers
Company Store
In order to understand how the Industrial Revolution really took off in the early 1800s, we
need to start with…
RHODE ISLAND, of course!
And, a man by the name of Samuel Slater.
• Draw a line across your paper and title: Slater’s First Mill
• Imagine you are Samuel Slater, a young man who has traveled from England, with the goal of opening the first water-powered mill in the US.
1. You’ve been apprenticing in England, under Richard Archwright, the creator of water-powered mill technology
2. You want to move to US, build the country’s first water-powered textile mill.
3. You secretly copy the blueprints for the technology, and sew them into your coat and travel to the New England in 1791.
4. You meet up with some investors and create a plan for building the water-powered textile mill.
• Take out a new piece of lined paper, and title it: Slater’s First Mill
• Writing in complete sentences, so you know what question you are answering:
1. Where do you put your factory?
2. Who works there? How do you encourage them to work for you? How do you encourage them to stay?
3. How will you watch over the workers to make sure they are doing their job correctly?
4. How can you make as much money as you can?
Clothing Revolution:
Many inventions that mean clothes are made in bulk (mass production) in factories and bought at a store
Instead of by hand
Charlie Chaplin’s View…”Modern Times”
• In this Unit…we will look at the good, the bad, the unexpected
• At the end-you will write a paper :)
Inventions and Innovations Labor/Immigration
Urbanization
Use of Land/Need for Land
Changes/Affects:who is working – how work is done by people vs. machinesspeed – time it takescapacity – how much can get done
Changes/Affects:Who is the ideal worker?
What groups of people migrate to industrial areas
Changes/Affects:How business leaders create companies Desire to make large profits vs. need for work force
Changes/Affects:How land is usedValue of land based on location/natural resourcesDesire for more land as capacity grows
Changes/Affects:Where people liveHow people live
Ways people make $$
Intro to the Early Industrial Revolution 1793-1850
1. How do inventions and technology impact people’s lives in positive, negative, and unexpected ways?
2. Why did major aspects of the Industrial Revolution begin in the North, as opposed to the South?
3. How did life change from people living on a farm, when most goods were grown by or made by hand, to getting goods from a factory and living in a city?
4. How did the Industrial Revolution both strengthen and weaken the nation? What conflicts arose as Industrial Revolution ‘gained steam’?