intro to the circulatory system

Intro to the Circulatory System

Question of the Day:

Do all animals have a circulatory system?

Give support for your answer.

3Aquatic OrganismsWithout a Circulatory

System

Goals for the Day

1. List the two types of circulatory systems, how they function, and examples of organisms that have each type of system.

2. Describe the hearts of different vertebrates including the number of chambers and the pathways of the blood.

or Closed

Review from Friday

Open

Examples: Examples:

Circulatory Systems may be:

• Arthropods

• Most Molluscs

• Annelids

• Some Molluscs

• All Vertebrate Animals

or Closed

Circulatory Systems may be:

Open

Differences:• Hemolymph vs. Blood

• Colorless vs. red

• No O2 vs. O2 carriers

7Open vs. Closed Circulatory Systems

Vertebrate Hearts may contain? (chambers)

2 3 4

Examples:

• Fish

Examples:

• Amphibians

• MOST reptiles

Examples:

• Alligators/Crocodiles

• Birds

• Mammals

2 chambered Heart

One circuit (single loop) pathway through the body

Advantage: gills receive O2 –poor blood, capillaries of the body (systemic capillaries) receive O2 rich blood.

Disadvantage: after leaving gills, the blood has lower pressure

3 chambered heart

Adaptation for life on land

2 atria and a 1 ventricle

O2 poor blood is delivered to the lungs, and in some cases the skin for O2 recharging.

4 Chambered Hearts

Heart divided into left and right halves.

Advantage: Provides adequate pressure for both circuits (Pulmonary & Systemic)

Comparison of Circulatory Circuits

in Vertebrates

The Human Heart has 4 Chambers

Ventricles

Two of Which are:

Whose Job is to:

Two of Which are:

AtriaSing., Atrium

Whose Job is to:

Receive blood from circulation

PumpBlood away from the heart

The three types of blood vessels in the cardiovascular (Gk. kardia, heart; L.

vascular, vessel) system are

1.Veins (L. vena, blood vessel)

2.Arteries

3.Capillaries (L. capillus, hair)

Goals for the Day

15

Goals for the Day

1. Be able to list the components of the blood and the rough percentages of each component

2. Be able to label the major structures of the human heart.

Question of the Day

What is the major difference between a 2 chambered and a 3 or 4 chambered heart?

List animals that have each type of heart.

Giant Salamander & Lungfish

Blood is composed of

1.

2.

3.

4.

Plasma is composed of

1. Water 90-92%2. Proteins 7-8%3.Gases 4. Salts5.Nutrients6.Other (Hormones)

22

Composition of Blood

Goals for the Day

1. Be able to label the major structures of the human heart.

Question of the Day

1. What are the major components of the blood?For each component list its characteristics.

29


Intro to the Respiratory System

Goal for the Day:

Learn the similarities and differences between the respiratory system of humans and other organisms


Do all animals have lungs or gills?

What has to be true about animals that lack these?

Do all animals have either lungs or gills?


What would have to be true of an organism that lacked these structures?

36Aquatic OrganismsWithout a Respiratory System

& Thin

Requirements of all respiratory systems

Moist

The Lining must be:

• In order for gas to move across a membrane there has to be a liquid for diffusion.


Surface area to Volume Ratio

Must Have a High:

Oxygen


Must Extract:

Must Release:

Carbon Dioxide

Oxygen


Must Extract:

Must Release: Carbon

Dioxide

•What are the 3 “major” components of air• Nitrogen• Oxygen• Argon• Carbon Dioxide

orSkin

Respiratory surfaces include:

In worms

Exceptions:• Some Aquatic worms

aquatics

Gills

• Aquatic Mammals

• Organisms with no lungs or gills (high SA/V, and thin bodies)

Exceptions:

43Anatomy of Gills in Bony Fishes

or

TracheaeThrough spiracles

Respiratory surfaces include:

In Insects & terrestrial arthropods

• Does an insect have a closed or open circulatory system?

• What do we know about its function then?

In terrestrial Vertebrates

Lungs

• Amphibians (which also breath through their skin, thanks to the amazing properties of water!)

Exceptions:

45Open vs. Closed Circulatory Systems

46Tracheae of Insects

Human respiratory System Pathway

2

3

4Air Enters through

Air Pathway:

2 parts to cycle:

• Amphibians

• MOST reptiles

Muscles Needed:

Oxygen is carried by

RBCs

Fe

HemoglobinWhich Cells

Which contains the metal ion:

Which contain

Carbon Dioxide is carried by

Bicarbonate(HCO3)

PlasmaMainly as the ___ ion

Dissolved in the:

Goals for the Day:

Be able to describe the different types of respiratory systems in organisms.

Review parts of human respiratory system


What are the 4 major types of respiratory surfaces?

List examples of organisms that have each kind of respiratory surface?

Which of the following has an open circulatory system?

A. HydraB. EarthwormC. HumanD. SpongeE. Lobster

Identify the curve that is characteristic of hemoglobin of a

mammal that evolved at high elevations

A. AB. BC. C

Which hemoglobin has the greatest affinity for oxygen?

A. AB. BC. C

Closed circulatory system

A. AnnelidaB. ChordataC. EchinodermataD. ArthropodaE. Platyhelminthes

Goals for the Day:

Be able to describe the different types of respiratory systems in organisms.

Learn the major organs involved in digestion


When the diaphragm is contracted in which direction does air move? (In our out of the thoracic cavity)

Explain why this is.

Goal for the day

• Be able to describe the basic path of digestion in most animals, and where the process begins.

• Review the evolutionary relationships within animals

RE: Question of the Day

• When the diaphragm is contracted in which direction does air move? (In our out of the thoracic cavity)

Explain why this is.

Which is CORRECT about gas exchange in humans

A. The diaphragm rises and air is pulled into the lungsB. Air is forced down the windpipe when a person

inhalesC. The breathing rate is controlled by the

hypothalamus in the brainD. Hemoglobin carries carbon dioxide and oxygen in

fairly equal amountsE. As humans inhale, the pressure in the chest cavity

decreases and air is drawn into the lungs

Tracheal tubes are found in

A. EarthwormsB. HydraC. FishD. InsectsE. Birds

Breathing in humans is usually regulated by

A. The number of red blood cellsB. The amount of hemoglobin in the bloodC. Inherent genetic controlD. CO2 levels and pH sensorsE. The pituitary gland

In humans, the largest amount of the carbon dioxide produced by the body cells is carried to the lungs as:

A. CO2 attached to hemoglobin in the red blood cells

B. Attached to hemoglobin circulating in the plasma

C. The bicarbonate ion attached to hemoglobinD. CO2 gas in solution in the plasmaE. The bicarbonate ion dissolved in the plasma

Open circulatory system, protostome, exoskeleton


Acoelomate, bilateral symmetry


Deuterostome, radial symmetry as an adult


intro to the circulatory system

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