intro physics equation sheet

8/13/2019 Intro Physics equation sheet

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speed of light 2.99 10 elementarycharge

1.60 10 gravitationalconstant

6.67 10 universal gasconstant

8.31 Avogadrosnumber

6.022 10 Boltzmanconstant

1.38 10 8.62 10

Stefan-Boltzmanconstant

5.67 10 permittivityconstant

8.85 10 permeabilityconstant

1.26 10 fine structureconstant

7.297 10 Bohr radius 5.29 10 Rybergconstant

1.10 10 1 Bohrmagneton

9.27 10 5.788 10

nuclearmagneton

5.05 10 3.152 10

Planckconstant 6.626 10

4.136 10 = 2 1.055 10

6.582 10 Faradayconstant

9.65 10

Electronmass 9.109 10 5.486 10 0.511 Comptonwavelength

1.321 10 classicalradius = 2.818 10 Thomsoncross section

8 3 = 0.665 10 magneticmoment

928.48 10 g factor 2.002 Protonmass 1.673 10 1.007 938.27 Compton

wavelength ,

1.321 10

magneticmoment

1.411 10 Neutronmass 1.675 10 1.009 939.57 Comptonwavelength , 1.320 10 Deuteronmass 3.344 10 2.014

1875.6

magneticmoment

0.433 10 Alpha particlemass 6.645 10 3727.38 Muonmass 1.884 10 0.113 105.66 magneticmoment

4.49 10 g factor

2.002

Taumass 3.168 10 1.908 1776.99


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Length

1 km 0.6215 miles 1 m 1.0936 yds 3.281 ft 39.37 in 1 in 2.54 cm 1 mile 5280 ft 1 rod 16.5 ft 1 fathom 6 ft 1 nautical mile 6076.1 ft 1 angstrom 0.1 nm 1 light year 9.467 10 1 parsec 3.084 10

Area

1 0.3861 247.1 1

10

1 43560 1 10 Volume

1 1000 1 3.786 4 8 128 231 1 28.32 2.832 10 Speed

1 1 / Angle

1 57.30 1 / 9.549 / Mass

1 1000 1 1.6606 10 931.50 / 1 14.59

Density

1 / 1000 / 1 1 62.4 /

Force

1 0.2248 10 1 2.2046 1 32.17 Pressure

1 1 / 1 101.325 1.01325 1.013 10 14.7 760 29.9 33.8 1 / 6.895 1 1 133.32

1 100


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10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

10

10

10 10


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,

,

,

( )


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MotionPosition vector = + + Average velocity = Average acceleration

= Instantaneous velocity = Instantaneous acceleration = =

RotationArc length = Average angular velocity = Average angular

acceleration =

Instantaneous angularvelocity = Instantaneous angularacceleration = Tangential velocity = Tangential component ofcircular motionacceleration

= Radial component ofcircular motionacceleration

= = Period of motion

=

= =

Centripetal force = Radial power = Rotation kinetic energy = Torque = = = Work = =

Angular momentum = = = Motion with constant acceleration Linear motion Rotational motion

= + = + = 12 + + = 12 + + = +2 = +2

ForceNewtons FirstLaw

If there is no net force on a body,the body remains at rest if it isinitially at rest or moves in astraight line at constant speed if itis in motion.

Newtons Second law = Newtons Third

Law

If a force acts on body B due to

body C, then there is an equal andopposite force on body C due tobody B.

Conservativeforce

The net work done on a particlearound a closed path is zero.The net work done on a particle ispath independent.

Friction force = Drag force = Centripetal force = Spring force-Hookes law = Gravitation force

= Electric force = Magnetic force on particle =

OscillationsPeriod and frequency = Period The time required for one

complete oscillation or cycle.Frequency The number of oscillations per

second.Angular frequency oflinear oscillator = 2 = One dimensionoscillation

= + = + = + Spring force-Hookeslaw = Work by spring =


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Energy and WorkKinetic energy = Rotational kinetic energy = Conservation ofenergy

The total energy of a system canchange only by amounts ofenergy that are transferred to orfrom the system.

Work = = =

Work Work is energy transferred to orfrom an object via a force actingon the object. Energy transferredto the object is positive work,and from the object, negativework.

Work by spring = Power due to forceaverage = Instantaneous power = = Radial power = Potential energy = Gravitation potential = = MomentumLinear momentum = Conservation oflinearmomentum

If a system is isolated so that noexternal force acts on it, thelinear momentum of the systemremains constant.

Newtons second law = = Angular momentum = = = Newtons second law = = Impulse-due to the forceexerted on the body byanother body during acollision

= = Elastic collision (perfect) + = + Inelastic collision(perfect)

+ = +

System of particles Center of mass = Acceleration of system ofparticles = Moment of inertia = =

Parallel axis theorem:The rotational inertia of abody about any axis tothat of the same bodyabout a parallel axisthrough the center ofmass where h is theperpendicular distancebetween the two axes.

= +

ElectricityCoulombs law = Electric field = = Gauss law = Electric potentialChoosing initial positionto have zero potential

= Potential from pointcharge = From n number of pointcharges = Continuous distributionof charge = E and V relationship = Potential energy =


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MagnetismForce of magnetic fieldforce experienced by acharge moving throughthe field with certainvelocity

=

Biot-Savart law = Amperes lawline integral around aclosed loop

= = Magnetic flux through anarea A = Faradays law ofinduction = = Induction If a magnetic flux through an area

bounded by a closed conductingloop changes with time then acurrent and EMF are produced inthe loop. this process is calledinduction

Lenzs Law An induced current has a directionsuch that the magnetic field due tothe current opposes the change inthe magnetic flux that induces thecurrent

Inductance = Inductor A device that can be used to

produce a known magnetic field ina specified region. If a current I isestablished through each of the Nwindings of an inductor, amagnetic flux links thosewindings.

Magnetic energy = CircuitsCapacitance = Capacitor in parallel = Capacitors in series = Resistors in series = Resistors in parallel = EMF a device that doeswork on charges tomaintain a potentialdifference between itsoutput terminals

= Potential energy ofcapacitors ( work done tocharge the capacitor)

= =

Energy density (charge perunit volume) = Ohms law = Power = = = Series circuits = = =

= + + Parallel circuits = + + = = = GravitationForce of gravity = Gravitational field = = ThermodynamicsZeroth Law ofThermodynamics

If bodies A and B are each inthermal equilibrium with athird body C, then A and Bare in thermal equilibrium

with each other.Heat capacity = Heat of transformation = Work done by expandinggas

= = First law of thermodynamics(internal energy)

= , , = =

Ideal gas = = =

=

For an ideal gas , = =

Entropy change = Second law ofthermodynamics 0 Third law ofthermodynamics

The entropy of aperfect crystal, atabsolute zero Kelvin,is equal to zero.


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WavesSinusoidal wavesmoving in positivedirection of x-axis

, = sin k=angular wave number =angular frequencykx- t=phase

Transverse

waves

are waves in which the particles

of the medium oscillateperpendicular to the wavesdirection of travel

Longitudinalwaves

are waves in which the particlesof the medium oscillate parallel tothe waves direction of travel

Angular wave number = Period = = The wave speed = = = Doppler effect = Vd is velocity of detector relative to medium and Vsis velocity of source to medium

FluidsDensity = Pressure = PascalsPrinciple

A change in the pressure appliedto an enclosed fluid is transmittedundiminished to every portion ofthe fluid and to the walls of thecontaining vessel.

Archimedesprinciple

The buoyant force is equal to theweight of the fluid that has beendisplaced.

Buoyancy force = = Weight = = Flow rate volume =

mass = = Ideal fluid is incompressible and lacks

viscosity, and its flow is steadyand irrotational.

OpticsSnells law =

where = Mirror equation + = Magnification

= =

Power = Objects or images in front of the mirror have positivedistances and images behind the mirror have negativedistances. Inverted images have a negative imageheight.

Thin lenses equation + = Magnification = = Power of a lens = Focal length is positive for converging lenses andnegative for diverging lenses.Object distance is positive if on the same side of thelens as the light source.Image distance is positive if on the opposite side ofthe lens from light source.Image height is negative if its inverted.

Single slit diffraction = for

m=1,2,3 ( minima )

= Double slit diffraction =

= =


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intro physics equation sheet

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