Organization Behaviour

Presentation on

Presented by :-

Mehul RasadiyaPresent for :-

Ms. Neha Rathi(K.K.Parekh Inst. of Mgt. Studies)

• Meaning and Definition

• Characteristics and nature

• Structure

• Challenge

• Approaches

Content

Mehul Rasadiya

Organizational behavior is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structures have on behavior within an organization. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes sociology, psychology, communication, and management; and it complements the academic studies of Organizational theory (which is more macro-level) and human resource studies (which is more applied and business-related). It may also be referred to as organizational studies or organizational science. The field has its roots in industrial and organizational psychology.

Meaning

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Definition “Organizational behaviour is a field of study that investigates

the impact that individuals, groups and organizational structure have on behaviour within the organization, for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving an organizational effectiveness.”

The above definition has three main elements; first organizational behaviour Is an investigative study of individuals and groups, second, the impact of organizational structure on human behaviour and the third, the application of knowledge to achieve organizational effectiveness. These factors are interactive in nature and the impact of such behaviour is applied to various systems so that the goals are achieved. The nature of study of organizational behaviour is investigative to establish cause and effect relationship.

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OB involves integration of studies undertaken relating to behavioural sciences like psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, social psychology and political science. Therefore, organizational behaviour Is a comprehensive field of study in which individual, group and organizational structure is studied in relation to organizational growth and organizational culture, in an environment where impact of modern technology is great. The aim of the study is to ensure that the human behaviour contributes towards growth of the organization and greater efficiency is achieved.

Mehul Rasadiya

• Organizational behaviour is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structure have on behaviour within organization for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization's effectiveness.

- STEPHEN P. ROBBINS

• Organizational behaviour is the study and application at knowledge about the how people - as individuals and a groups - act within organization. It strives to identify ways in which people can act more effectively.

-KEITH DAVIS

• Organizational behaviour is concerned with the study of what People do in an organization and how their behaviour affect the performance of the organizations.

-BRIEF.

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Mehul Rasadiya

Nature1. A separate field of study - > Organizational Behaviour is a separate field

of study. Many researches and analysis have been done in this field. But it is not still accepted as a science. There is no foundation of basic concepts that may guide its development as a science. Therefore, it will be appropriate to call it a field of study rather than discipline.

2. It is an applied science - > The aim of OB it to solve problems of organizations related with human behaviour aspect. Therefore, applied researches are concentrated, in place of fundamental researches. Though many of the researches may be carried in laboratory, but the behaviour of an individual can not be analyzed so. Therefore, Organizational Behaviour is both science as well as art.

3. Goal Oriented - > Since OB is applied science it is oriented towards organizational goals. Sometimes there may be conflict of organizational goals with invidual goals. In that case, both the objectives are achieved simultaneously. Mehul Rasadiya

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4. Focus Attention On people - > OB focus the attention on people. It is based on the concept that need and motivation of the people should be given priority. if the people are given proper environment and working condition, they are creative, independent and capable of achieving organizational objectives.

5. Interdisciplinary Approach - > Organizational Behaviour is interdisciplinary in nature. It is based on behavioural and social sciences that contributes to the subject. It applies from this disciplines ideas that will improve the relationships between people and organization.

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Characteristics1. It is a way of thinking about individuals, groups and organizations.

2. It is multidisciplinary – it uses principles, models, theories and methods from other disciplines.

3. There is a distinctly humanistic orientation – people and their, attitudes perceptions, learning capacities, feelings and goals are of major importance.

4. It is performance-orientated – it deals with the factors affecting performance and how it can be improved.

5. The use of scientific method is important in studying variables and relationships.

6. It is applications-orientated in the sense of being concerned with providing useful answers to questions which arise when managing

organizations.

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Relative contribution of disciplines

Political scienceThe study of the behavior

of individuals & groupswithin a political

enviourment

Psychology the science

of human behavior

Sociology the science of society

Anthropologythe science of

the learned behavior ofhuman beings

Interdisciplinary Influences on

Organizational Behavior

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Sociology “The study of people in relation to their

fellow human beings”

Group Dynamics Work teams CommunicationPower Conflict Inter-group behavior

Organization System

Sociology

Former Organization theory Organizational technology Organizational changes Organizational culture

Group

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Anthropology “The Society of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.”

Comparative Value Comparative attitudes Cross-culture analysis

Group

Anthropology

Organizational Culture Organizational environment

Organization System

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Political Sciences

“The study of the behavior of individuals and groups within a political environment.”

Political Science Conflict Intra-organizational Politics Power

Organizational System

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Learning Motivation Personality Emotion Perception Training Leadership Effectiveness Job Satisfaction Individual decision making Performance appraisalAttitude measurement Employee Selection Work design Work stress

Psychology Individuals

“The Science that seeks to measures, explain and sometime change the behavior of humans and other animals.”

Psychology

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Define Psychology “The Science that seeks to measures, explain and sometime change the behavior of humans and other animals.”

Psychology

Sociology

Social Psychology

Anthropology

Organization

Group

Individual

Study of Organizational

Behavior

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Approaches of OB

Approaches

Classical approach

Scientific management

Administrative

Neo – classical approach

Modern approach

SystemApproach

Contingency approach

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The Four Principles

1. Study the way the job is performed.

2. Codify the new method into rules.

3. Select workers whose skills match.

4. Establish a fair level of performance.

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Challenges and opportunities

A quick look at few dramatic changes now taking place in organization.

1. Old employee getting old

2. Corporate Downsizing

3. Temporary working employees

4. Global competition

5. War on terror

In short there are lot of challenges and opportunities today for managers to OB concepts. Mehul Rasadiya

1.Globalization to RespondOrganizations are no longer constrained by national borders, world become global village.

o Increased foreign assignmentTransferred to your employer’s operating division in another country, Once there, you’ll have to manage workforce, aspiration from employees, and attitudes from those you are used to back home

o Working with different peopleWorking with bosses, peers and other employees who were born and raised in different culture, to work effectively with them you’ve to understand how their culture, geographic and religion have shaped them.

o Coping with Anti-capitalism backlash“soak the rich” means fine should be charged with respect of income you earn. Managers at global companies have come to realize that economic values are not universally transferable, need to modify by managers to reflect economic values in those countries they’re working.

o Overseeing Movement of jobs to countries with low cost laborIn a global economy, jobs tend to flow to places where lower cost provide business firms with a comparative advantages

o Managing people During the war on terrorAn understanding of OB topics such as emotions, motivation, communication and leadership can help managers to deal more effectively with their employees’ fear about terrorism

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2. Managing workforce diversityThe people in organization are becoming heterogeneous demographically, Workforcediversity= whereas globalization focuses on differences between people from different countries, mix of people in terms of gender, age, race, and sexualorientation.Embracing diversity Changing US demographics Changing management philosophy Recognizing and responding to difference

3. Improving Quality and productivityWorld added capacity in response to increase demand. Excess capacity translate in increase competition, is forcing managers to reduce costs and, at the same time; improve the organization quality and productivity.

4. Improving Customer serviceOB can contribute to improving an organization’ performance by showing that howemployees’ attitude and behavior are associated with customer satisfaction.

5.Improving people skillsDesigning motivating jobs, how creating effective teams, techniques for improving interpersonal skills

6.Stimulating innovation and changeVictory will go the organization the maintain their flexibility, continually improve their quality and beat their competition in market place. An organization’s employees can be major block in change, the challenge to the manager to stimulate their creativity and tolerance for change.Mehul Rasadiya

7.Coping with TemporarinessSurvival for the organization, is need to move fast and flexible and innovative in their products, jobs are redesigned, task are done by flexibility, trained old employees with new technology, better understanding of change, overcome resistance to change, create organizational culture

8.Working in network organizationGlobal working through one link i.e. INTERNET, technology changes the people to work together and communicate at thousand miles, people can work from their homeland non office locations.

9.Helping employees Balance work-life conflictsFlexible Working hours, reporting time, creating opportunities for employees, job security, design workplace and jobs.

10.Creating positive Work EnvironmentHuman strength, vitality, right person appointed at right place, effort on what good for organization.

11.Improving Ethical BehaviorManager shouldn’t place an order on which subordinate don’t agreeDefine clearly the right and wrong conduct air policy and appropriate system Increase confidence and trust over organization Have some logic against order you place to employees 

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Functional Structure

Divisional Structures

Matrix structure

Product Team Structure

Geographic Structure

Market Structure

Product Structure

Organizational Structure

Conclusion• Organizational behavior promotes communication – and communication promotes knowledge. In return, the organizational knowledge established the organizational behavior as part of the everyday company routine. The ideas or knowledge that every individual contribute is valued by the firm. All the ideas are examined well and after the successful adaptation, another legacy is left behind that can be used for the next year or product simulation.

•Organizational practice on the other hand, is a form of routine or standardized action which is always subject for improvement. All the practice involved in making the product is based from the knowledge they learned and organized. With this, the cycle of acquiring the knowledge and applying it is emphasized and cannot be broken as part of the organization’s effectiveness.