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Introduction to Architecture

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Readingarchitecture requires us to allow buildings to

speakto us.

But how can inanimate objects speak to us?

Especially if those objects are not representational?

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Pentre Ifan Burial Chamber, 2000 BCE

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John Portman,

Bonaventure Hotel,Los Angeles. 1976.

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Richard Neutra,

Edgar J. Kaufmann House,

Palm Springs, 1946.

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According to Vitruvius (Marcus Vitruvius

Pollio, 1stcent. BCE), in De Architecturaa

building must be considered in terms of

three elements:

Utilitas

Firmitas

Venustas

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Utilitas

need

functionplan

Firmitas

means

structure

section

Venustas

art

beauty

elevation

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Utilitas

need

function

plan

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Firmitas

means

structure

section

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Venustas

art

beauty

elevation

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Utilitas as Message:

TWA Terminal, JFK

Transamerica Bldg. SF, CA

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Utilitas by Addition:Louis Kahns Richards Medical Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania

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Utilitas by Division:

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Urge towards symmetry:

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Firmitas/Stucture will always be a function of:

Advances in engineering

Availability and strength of

materials

Cost available for materialsOther historical and geographical

factors

Architecture is the adaptation of form to resist force.John Ruskin (19thc.)

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All structures seek a balance between

tension and compression.

Traditionally there were two ways to

handle this:through trabeated structures

or through arcuated structures.

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Trabeated Structures

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CANTILEVER

Milstein Hall, Cornell University (Rem Kolhaas)

Gale House, Oak Partk, IL (Frank Lloyd

Wright)

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Villa Savoye, Poissy, France. LeCorbusier.

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ARCUATED STRUCTURES

Colosseum, Rome.

Hagia Sophia, Instanbul

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Venustasart

beauty

elevation

Hertziana, Rome

Gugenheim Museum, Bilbao

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What makes architecture good? Does it express its function in a meaningful,

interesting, and appealing way? Does it seem to fitits surroundings (by

complementing or contrasting with it in aninteresting and meaningful way)?

Is its design and execution structurally sound? Does it create a meaningful (interesting,

surprising, enjoyable, delightful, disturbing etc.)space?

Will it endure? Has it endured?

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Analyzing a Building:

Space: Solids and Voids

Scale and Proportion

Weight & Mass Basic Design Elements

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Analyzing a Building:

Space: Solids and Voids

Symmetry

Asymmetry

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Symmetry

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Asymmetry

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Analyzing a Building:

Weight & Mass: Materials

Massing for Weight

Relationship to Ground (high or low?)

Texture

Color

Ornamentation

Light

Acoustics

Context

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Basic Elements

Roof

Walls

Windows

Doorways

Orientation

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Roof Types

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Butterfly Roof

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Butterfly w/Solar Panels

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Barrel Vault Roof

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Wall Types

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Rusticated

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Half-timbered

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Clapboard

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Board and Batten Siding

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Wainscoting

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Stucco Wall

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Glass Wall

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Window Types

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Lancet

ll di

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Palladian

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Oeil-de-boeuf (ox-eye)

D bl h i d

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Double-hung window

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Bay window

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Ribbon Window

C t i d

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Casement window

D

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Dormer

D

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Doorways

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Arched

P di t d

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Pedimented

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Venetian Door

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French Door

Slidi D

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Sliding Door

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Orientation

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Aesthetic

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Cultural

Ecological

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Ecological

The Getty Center

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The Getty Center

Richard Meier

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