Into a New CenturyChapter 29

Learning Targets

• Students will explain the development of technology and the impact these changes had on the United States• Students will explain the domestic and foreign policies of President

Clinton• Students will explain the impeachment process and how that process

applied to Clinton

The Technological Revolution

• Rise of the Compact Computer ENIAC – world’s first electronic

digital computer (1946). Weighed 30 tons / size of a small house

1959 First integrated circuit – complete electronic circuit on a single chip of silicon

Area in California where companies produced chips became known as Silicon Valley

1968 Microprocessors invented – combined circuits with memory and computing functions

The Technological Revolution

• Stephen Wozniak and Steven Jobs produced first practical and affordable personal computer – Apple I• IBM competed with the “PC”• Apple introduced the MacIntosh

using a simple operating system• Bill gates co-founded Microsoft

which produced PC software• By 1990s people could telecommute

– work from home via computers

The Technological Revolution

• Internet System by which computers could

communicate with each other ARPANET – origin of Internet;

system linked government agencies and universities for the Department of Defense

Internet grew with introduction of hypertext (http) and web browsers

New Internet-based businesses were founded called “dot-coms”

The Technological Revolution

• Breakthroughs in Biotechnology The managing of biological

systems to improve human life Made possible by computers 1953 James Watson and Francis

Clark deciphered structure of DNA Human Genome Project –

mapping of the human DNA

The Clinton Years

• Raised taxes – cut spending• Hillary Clinton

Put in charge of healthcare reform Produced complicated plan that

failed to generate support

• Family and Education Medical Leave Act – allowed up to

12 weeks of unpaid leave AmeriCorps Program – put

students to work in community service

The Clinton Years

• Republicans Regain Control of Congress

Contract with America – Republicans voted into office promising several changes

Many changes defeated in Senate or vetoed by President

Budget battle between President and Congress caused shutdown of government – Republicans backed down

Passed several laws w/President including Welfare Reform Act

Rep. Newt Gingrich – Speaker of the House and author of the Contract with America

The Clinton Years

• Election of 1996 – Clinton defeated Republican Bob Dole• Impeachment

Whitewater Special Prosecutor Kenneth Starr 1998 Congress impeached Clinton on

two charges: Perjury and Obstruction of Justice

Senate voted 55-45 to acquit on first charge and 50-50 on second charge

Two-thirds needed to convict Vote was along party lines

The Clinton Years

• The Haitian Intervention Haitian President Aristide overthrown Clinton ordered US invasion to

restore order

• Peacekeeping in Bosnia / Kosovo Breakup of Yugoslavia caused war

and ethnic cleansing – brutal expulsion of an ethnic group from a certain area

UN and NATO intervened to protect citizens

NATO bombed Serbia

The Clinton Years

• The Middle East Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak

Rabin and Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) leader Yasir Arafat met with Clinton

The PLO recognized Israel’s right to exist and Israel recognized the PLO as the legitimate voice of the Palestinian people

Attempts to work out an Israeli withdrawal from occupied lands failed

An Interdependent World

• US experiencing trade deficits – Americans purchased more from other countries while other countries bought less from US

• Increasing trade was major US concern• North American Free Trade Agreement

(NAFTA) – free trade agreement between US, Canada, and Mexico

• European Union (EU) – free trade bloc between European member nations competed w/US

• Euro – EU nations established a common currency

An Interdependent World

• World Trade Organization (WTO) – administered international trade agreements and settled international trade disputes

• Nuclear Proliferation The spread of nuclear weapons to new nations US against other nations obtaining nuclear

weapons

• Global Warming An increase in global temperatures over time Some believe caused by CO2 / human activity Kyoto Protocol – several nations signed

promising to reduce emissions (US did not sign)

America Enters a New Century

• Election of 2000 Democratic – VP Al Gore Republican – George W. Bush Green Party – Ralph Nader Close vote required recount –

electoral votes of Florida needed to win

Recount not finished by deadline Florida declared Bush winner

Vote counter looking at “chads”

America Enters a New Century

• Bush v. Gore Gore protested recount –

Florida Supreme Court began hand recount

US Supreme Court ruled hand counts violated equal protection clause

Ruling left Bush the winner

America Enters a New Century

• President Bush Wanted to cut taxes to boost

economy (passed) Wanted school vouchers

(defeated) Wanted standardized testing in

public schools (passed) Wanted increased military

spending Wanted to develop anti-missile

system called Strategic Defense Initiative

The War on Terrorism

• 9-11 – terrorist attack on World Trade Center in New York, the Pentagon, and possibly Washington DC

• State-sponsored terrorism – when a government secretly supports terrorists

• Osama bin Laden & Al-Qaeda Believed superpowers could be beaten Wanted to re-establish the Caliphate Angry that US had troops in Saudi Arabia Believed Western ideas contaminated

Islam

The War on Terrorism

• Terror Attacks 1993 First bombing of the World

Trade Center 1995 Bombed US military barracks

in Saudi Arabia 1998 Bombed US embassies in

Kenya and Tanzania 1999 Attempted to bomb Seattle 2000 Suicide boat attack on USS

Cole in Yemen

The War on Terrorism

• Actions Taken After 9-11 Bush declared national emergency Investigators identified Osama Bin

Laden / Al-Qaeda as attackers Began deploying military to

Middle East Demanded Taliban in Afghanistan

turn over Osama bin Laden Announced US would no longer

tolerate states that assisted terror

The War on Terrorism

Cut terror funding by freezing bank accounts of suspected terrorist groups / supporters

Passed Patriot Act – law allowed secret searches, wire-taps, and other electronic eavesdropping

Department of Homeland Security established

Anthrax attacks on government officials by suspected domestic terrorists

The War on Terrorism

US supported Afghan rebel group The Northern Alliance

US sent troops to Afghanistan after the Taliban collapsed

US troops still in-country hunting Taliban fighters

The War on Terrorism

• 2003 Iraq War Bush afraid AL-Qaeda would get

hold of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) – weapons that could kill thousands of people in one attack

Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq, known to be developing WMD

Bush asked for UN Resolution demanding Iraq give up weapons

Iraq resisted – US and coalition of other countries invaded Iraq