Interview as a techniqueInterview as a technique

Interview is a managed verbal exchangeInterview is a managed verbal exchange

data collection technique through direct oral data collection technique through direct oral

and personal communication of the and personal communication of the

interviewee and interviewedinterviewee and interviewed..

TEHNIKA PRIKUPLJANJA PODATAKA ISPITIVANJEM PUTEM TEHNIKA PRIKUPLJANJA PODATAKA ISPITIVANJEM PUTEM

NEPOSREDNOG NEPOSREDNOG USMENOG I LIUSMENOG I LIČČNONOGG OP OPŠŠTENJA TENJA ISPITIVAČA ISPITIVAČA

I ISPITANIKA.I ISPITANIKA.

Goal: obtaining truthful statements about perceptions, Goal: obtaining truthful statements about perceptions,

opinions, knowledge, ideas… of the interviewed.opinions, knowledge, ideas… of the interviewed.

FFree/unstructured to structured ree/unstructured to structured

Consider Consider types of interview types of interview asas the continuum; the continuum; any particular interview can be placed any particular interview can be placed somewhere b/somewhere b/ww ‘unstructured’ and ‘structured’. ‘unstructured’ and ‘structured’.

The ‘unstructured’ pole is closer to observation, The ‘unstructured’ pole is closer to observation, while the ‘structured’ use of ‘closed’ questions is while the ‘structured’ use of ‘closed’ questions is similar to types of questionnairesimilar to types of questionnaire

NEUSMERENI INTERVUJU JE RAZGOVOR U KOME ISPITIVAC NEUSMERENI INTERVUJU JE RAZGOVOR U KOME ISPITIVAC ODABIRA SADRZAJ, OBILIK I REDOLSED PITANJA SAGLASNO ODABIRA SADRZAJ, OBILIK I REDOLSED PITANJA SAGLASNO SOPSTVENOJ PROCENI KARAKTERISTIKA ISPITANIKA I SOPSTVENOJ PROCENI KARAKTERISTIKA ISPITANIKA I SITUACIJI U KOJOJ SE VODI RAZGOVOR.SITUACIJI U KOJOJ SE VODI RAZGOVOR.

USMERENI INTERVJU IMA VEOMA PRECIZNO I SVESNO USMERENI INTERVJU IMA VEOMA PRECIZNO I SVESNO RAZRADJEN INSTRUMENT I POSTUPAK. JEDNA OD PODELA:RAZRADJEN INSTRUMENT I POSTUPAK. JEDNA OD PODELA:

USMERENI ORIJENTACIONI INTERVJUUSMERENI ORIJENTACIONI INTERVJU

DIRIGOVANI I RIGOROZNIDIRIGOVANI I RIGOROZNI

SEMISTRUCTURED - DEFSEMISTRUCTURED - DEF

Technique used to collect qualitative data Technique used to collect qualitative data by setting up a situation that allows by setting up a situation that allows respondent respondent time and scope to talk time and scope to talk about their opinions; flexibleabout their opinions; flexible..

The focus is decided by the researcher The focus is decided by the researcher with a goal to with a goal to understandunderstand the the respondent’s point of view; explorerespondent’s point of view; explore

The researcher tries to build a The researcher tries to build a rapportrapport - -relationship of mutual trust and the relationship of mutual trust and the interview is like a conversation.interview is like a conversation.

ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES

High validity - talk in detail and depth, provides High validity - talk in detail and depth, provides the opportunity to generate rich data;the opportunity to generate rich data;

Complex questions and issues can be discussed Complex questions and issues can be discussed and clarified – picking up information of which the and clarified – picking up information of which the interviewer had no prior knowledge;interviewer had no prior knowledge;

Avoids pre-judgement – predetermination what Avoids pre-judgement – predetermination what will or not will be discussed as only small number will or not will be discussed as only small number of pre-set questions of pre-set questions

Language use by participants essential in gaining Language use by participants essential in gaining insight into their perceptions and values.insight into their perceptions and values.

LIMITATIONSLIMITATIONS

Time consuming;Time consuming; Depends on the skill of the Depends on the skill of the

interviewer - ability to think during interviewer - ability to think during the interview (who will do it?)the interview (who will do it?)

Possibility of unconscious signals –Possibility of unconscious signals –clues about expected answers;clues about expected answers;

Depth of qualitative information may Depth of qualitative information may be difficult to analyze/use.be difficult to analyze/use.

STYLE AND SEQUENCINGSTYLE AND SEQUENCING

Explain the purpose, time, use; confidentiality, Explain the purpose, time, use; confidentiality, recording – ethical issuesrecording – ethical issues

Gaining rapport – putting respondents at ease Gaining rapport – putting respondents at ease (‘talk with you’ less threatening that ‘interview (‘talk with you’ less threatening that ‘interview you’); move from easy, less sensitive issues to you’); move from easy, less sensitive issues to more complexmore complex

Prove you are listening – summarize the statement Prove you are listening – summarize the statement in the same languagein the same language

If don’t understand, better: When would you that, If don’t understand, better: When would you that, what would you use that for? what would you use that for?

Instead of: What you mean by that?Instead of: What you mean by that?

GRAND TOUR QUESTIONSGRAND TOUR QUESTIONS

Ask respondent to give a verbal tour of Ask respondent to give a verbal tour of something they know well:something they know well:

Could you describe a typical day at your Could you describe a typical day at your workplace/at computer?workplace/at computer?

SpecificSpecific grand tour questions – Walk me grand tour questions – Walk me through what you/school/ company did in through what you/school/ company did in response to the incident?response to the incident?

GuidedGuided grand tour – Could you bring me grand tour – Could you bring me along and show me what you do? (i.e. along and show me what you do? (i.e. Internet bulling; gamblingInternet bulling; gambling

QS AND PROMPTSQS AND PROMPTS The act or event identified by the respondent – The act or event identified by the respondent –

ask for an example in its own wordsask for an example in its own words: What : What you would call that?you would call that?

Structural questions: ask to structure its world: I’d Structural questions: ask to structure its world: I’d like to know about all the different types/issueslike to know about all the different types/issues

PROMPTSPROMPTS not questions but equally important as not questions but equally important as do two things: keep people talking and rescue do two things: keep people talking and rescue when responses turn to mush.when responses turn to mush.

PlannedPlanned: probe about who they are speaking with : probe about who they are speaking with about this issue, for exampleabout this issue, for example

InformalInformal – How interesting – How interesting FloatingFloating prompts: How? Why? And then? prompts: How? Why? And then?

CLOSINGCLOSING

Do not rush and try to control too Do not rush and try to control too much as you may miss important, much as you may miss important, unexpected points – this is the key!unexpected points – this is the key!

Close by thanking and repeating Close by thanking and repeating confidentiality and purposeconfidentiality and purpose

Make notes ASAP with observationsMake notes ASAP with observations Keep details about gender, age, Keep details about gender, age,

backgroundbackground

Roma population and security sector in Serbia

Perceptions about security – what Perceptions about security – what makes you insecure? (Q 1)makes you insecure? (Q 1)Da li se osećate dobro, bezbedno?Šta vas licno ugrožava?Šta Vas plaši?Šta su pretnje za Vas i Vašu porodicu?Sta vi mislite da su pretnje za vasu zajednicu?Od čega strahujete u budućnosti?

FREQUENCY OF VIOLENCE and ACTIONFREQUENCY OF VIOLENCE and ACTION Da li Vam je neko pretio nasiljem? WHO? Da li ste bili u situaciji da Vas neko fizički

napadne? PROMPT: WHEN, HOW FREQUENTLY? Da li je neko iz Vaše porodice bio suočen sa

nasiljem ili pretnjom nasiljem? Da li je neko iz Vaše zajednice ili okoline…? Q 2: WHAT THEY DO ABOUT IT? Da li je neko iz Vaše zajednice ili okoline

reagovao u toj situaciji? Kako Vam je pomogao? Ko obično reaguje u takvim situacijama? Kome biste se prvo obratili u takvoj situaciji u

budućnosti?

NEED FOR INSTITUTIONS TO NEED FOR INSTITUTIONS TO CHANGE?CHANGE?

Koliko često dolazite u kontakt sa vojskom ili policijom?

Da li ste u poslednjih 6 meseci bili u kontaktu? U kojima okolnostima dolazite u kontakt sa

vojskom ili policijom? Kakva su Vam iskustva iz tih kontakta? Da li ste služili vojsku? Da li biste radili u vojsci ili policiji? Zašto? Da li neko iz Vaše zajednice ili okoline radi u

vojsci ili policiji? Da li mislite da je potrebno da više Roma

radi u vojsci i policiji? -

TRUST/INCLUSION/CHANGETRUST/INCLUSION/CHANGE

Da li verujete vojsci? Zašto? Da li verujete policiji? Zašto? Uporediti vojsku i policiju. Da li vidite neke promene u radu vojske i policije

u poslednje vreme? Koliko poverenja imate u: vojsku, policiju, crkvu,

centar za socijalni rad, školu, kolege sa posla, prijatelji i kumovi, porodica, koordinator za romska pitanja, zdravstvene medijatorke, lokalni političari…

WHAT NEEDS TO CHANGEWHAT NEEDS TO CHANGE

Da li mislite da se vojska i policija drugačije odnose prema Vama zato što ste Romi? (LGBT or other group)

Da li mislite da bi vojska i policija trebalo drugačije da se odnose prema Vama zato što ste Romi?

IS THERE SOMETHING YOU THINK WE IS THERE SOMETHING YOU THINK WE SHOULD COME BACK TO ADD?SHOULD COME BACK TO ADD?

EXAMPLEEXAMPLEState-community security cooperation model at local level contributes to more responsive policing that better meets community needsBreak down to the themes/issues/indicators

Start with general, contextual: are there same improvements of security in the state/village?regularity of community policing officers’ interaction with the community, his/her availability to the communities, and community policing officers’ role in the interaction, perceptions about the officers behavior, and possibilities for having the police officers accountable.