interpol’s role in the fight against the illicit traffic ...€¦ · interpol’s role in the...
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Presented byKarl-Heinz KindCoordinator Works of Art UnitInterpol General SecretariatLyons, France
Interpol’s Role in the Fight against the IllicitTraffic in Cultural Property
TOOLS TO FIGHT AGAINST THE ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN STOLEN CULTURAL
PROPERTY
• Fast and wide diffusion of the information
TOOLS TO FIGHT AGAINST THE ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN STOLEN CULTURAL
PROPERTY
• Fast and wide diffusion of the information
- Telecommunications network
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa - USA (SB)
Andorra
Argentina Argentina (RS) Argentina (SRB
Armenia
Australia
AustriaAzerbaijan
BahrainBangladesh
Barbados
BelarusBelgium
Belize
Bermudas (SB)
Bolivia
Bosnia-Herzegovina
BotswanaBrazil
Bulgaria
CambodiaCameroon
Canada
Chile
China
Colombia
Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire (SRB)
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech RepublicDenmark
Dominican Republic
East TimorEcuador
Egypt
El Salvador El Salvador (SRB)
Estonia
Fiji
Finland
FyromFrance Georgia
Germany
Greece
Guatemala
Guyana
Honduras
Hong Kong - China (SB)
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
IranIsrael
ItalyJapan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Korea (Rep. of)
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Latvia
Lebanon
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao - China (SB)
Malaysia
Malta
Marshall Islands
Mexico
MoldovaMonaco
Morocco
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico - USA (SB) Qatar
Romania
Russia
Saudi Arabia
Serbia Montenegro
Singapore
SlovakiaSlovenia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Suriname
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Thailand
Tonga
Tunisia
Turkey
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
U. K.
United States
Uruguay
Venezuela
Vietnam
Ireland
UzbekistanTajikistan
Brunei
LesothoSwaziland
MozambiqueTanzania
Ouganda
Namibia
Angola
Gabon
Mauritania
SenegalGuinea
TogoEthiopia
Yemen
Zimbabwe
Eritrea
Irak
Kenya
Bhutan
ChadNiger Sudan
ZaireZaire
Afghanistan
TOOLS TO FIGHT AGAINST THE ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN STOLEN CULTURAL
PROPERTY
• Fast and wide diffusion of the information
- Telecommunications network
•Poster of the most wanted works of art
TOOLS TO FIGHT AGAINST THE ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN STOLEN CULTURAL
PROPERTY
• Fast and wide diffusion of the information
- Telecommunications network
- Poster of the most wanted works of art
•Specialized computerized database
DATABASEASF
WORKS OF ART
November 2009
34, 355 identifiable objects
Works of Art DatabaseRecords
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
2000 2003 2006 Nov-09
17249
24707
30180
34355
Records by region (Nov 2009)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
Africa Americas Asia Europe M. East N.Afr.
166 4642 1275
25255
3017
EU
IQ
TOOLS TO FIGHT AGAINST THE ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN STOLEN CULTURAL
PROPERTY
• Fast and wide diffusion of the information
- Telecommunications network
- Poster of the most wanted works of art
- Specialized computerized database
•Direct access through I-24/7
WORKS OF ART DATABASE SEARCHES
0100020003000400050006000700080009000
10000
2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
203 259 142 287
38774927
71879000 Projection
Public onlineaccess
0
500
1000
15002000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Africa Americas Asia Europe M. East N.Afr.
7 187 SEARCHES IN 2008BY REGION
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Africa Americas Asia Europe M. East N.Afr.
363
1688
4997
83
EU
56
TOOLS TO FIGHT AGAINST THE ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN STOLEN CULTURAL
PROPERTY
• Fast and wide diffusion of the information
- Telecommunications network
- Poster of the most wanted works of art
- Specialized computerized database
- Direct access through I-24/7
• DVD « Stolen works of art »
Additional access to database information
1999 – June 2009
In 3 languages
updated every
two months
(queries cannot be
quantified)
Last edition June 2009 !
CD-ROM/DVD
TOOLS TO FIGHT AGAINST THE ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN STOLEN CULTURAL
PROPERTY
• Fast and wide diffusion of the information
- Telecommunications network
- Poster of the most wanted works of art
- Specialized computerized database
- Direct access through I-24/7
- DVD « Stolen works of art »
• Public online access
PUBLIC ONLINE ACCESS SINCE 17 AUGUST 2009
Via INTERPOL’s secure web site
By 15 November: c. 950 access rights granted
users from 64 countries
c. 2, 500 queries conducted
all sectors represented:
law enforcement agencies, state authorities,
international & non governmental organizations,
cultural instutions, museums,
lawyers, scholars, insurers, appraisers,
art market professionals, private collectors
www.interpol.int
Co-operation with other international organisations
• Memorandum of Understanding INTERPOL - WCO: November1998
• Memorandum of Understanding INTERPOL - UNESCO October 1999
• Memorandum of Understanding INTERPOL - ICOM (International Council of Museums): April 2000
LIST OF EXPERTS ON IRAQI CULTURAL HERITAGE
(Compiled by the UNESCO Section for Cultural Property and Museums) February 2007
To prevent illicit trafficking in cultural property and to facilitate the return of stolen or illicitly exported Iraqi cultural property, UNESCO and INTERPOL
closely cooperate on a variety of activities such as the exchange of information, participation in educational activities and the provision of expert advice. During the first INTERPOL Expert Group Meeting on Stolen Cultural Property, which took place at INTERPOL Headquarters in Lyon on 17 February 2004, it was
therefore decided that a list of experts and institutions both in Iraq and worldwide shall be compiled by UNESCO to be available for consultation
through INTERPOL. UNESCO has undertaken the compilation of this list with the assistance of the Iraqi authorities.
The purpose of the list is to identify experts to carry out an assessment of the authenticity and provenance of illicitly exported cultural property from
Iraqi territory on the art market. The experts included in the list may be consulted, via the Interpol National Central Bureaus, concerning the origins of archaeological objects seized
by law enforcement services.
2008:
Seizure of 3 cuneiform tablets in Peru and assistance provided by Spanish expert (UNESCO list)
-Disclaimer advising buyers to check and requestdocumentation on licit provenance and seller’slegal title
- Co-operation between Internet platforms and lawenforcement agencies
- Setting up of a central authority in charge ofpermanently monitoring Internet sales
- Dissemination of art theft information for national and international searches
- Facilitation of identification by relialableinventories (e. g. Object ID)
- Use of all available tools incl. INTERPOL’s
database to check suspicious items
- Tracking and prosecution of criminal activities
related to sale of cultural objects over the
Internet
- Establishment of legal measures to seize
cultural objects in case of reasonable doubts
concerning their licit provenance
- Return of seized objects to their rightful owners
Interpol priority : Capacity building- Conferences and meetings
International symposium (every 3 years)
Central & Eastern Europe (every 3 years)
Incident related (Conference on looted Iraqi antiquities)
- Working groups
INTERPOL Experts Group
INTERPOL Tracking Task Force on Stolen Iraqi antiquities
Working group on information exchan,ge
- Training seminars
upon request of member countries
(2004 Chile, 2005 Brazil, 2006 Mexico, 2008 Bolivia, 2009 Peru)
CONCLUSIONS
- Adapt appropriate cultural heritage legislation
- Be party of international conventions
- Establish and regularly update inventories
- Set up specialized unit for cultural property crime
- Transmit theft information to INTERPOL for
international searches
- Ensure training and include police, customs and
museums’ staff
- Establish a good co-operation between the concerned
ministries
- Adopt a specialized database
Thank you very much for your attention
KarlKarl--Heinz KindHeinz Kind
Merci beaucoup pour votre attention
Muchas gracias por su atención
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