internship report ntpc
TRANSCRIPT
INTERNSHIP REPORT
ON
POWER PLANT
AT
National Thermal Power Corporation
(NTPC)
BY
ADITYA ARYAN
Email : [email protected]
Contact : +91-8754563801
School of Mechanical and Building Sciences
September, 2015
0
CERTIFICATE
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ABSTRACT
This report has projected NTPC as one of the most diversified and leading
companies of India. The historical background of NTPC highlights its gradual
establishment. The division into various groups depicts its diversification.. It
starts with an introduction to company profile. It highlights the overview of the
different products & services that the company provides to its customers to keep
the healthy relationship with its customers. And it also help us to know the
contribution of NTPC in total generation capacity in India & abroad. Basically
NTPC is one of the leading companies in India .
The report mainly focuses on POWER PLANT.
So this report basically tells about the picture of what I did during my four
weeks of industrial training.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I am thankful to Mr. KRISHNA NAND JHA (Sr. MANAGER,HR), for providing an
opportunity to work in this organization. I am very much thankful to Mr.
SURESH PASWAN for providing me his valuable guidance and useful study
material to accomplish project. I also express my sincere thanks all the
faculties, for their valuable guidance and useful study material for the duration
of the project and for spending their valuable time to tackle all problems
encountered during my project. Last but not least I would like to thank each and
every member of NTPC and all my colleagues. in this organization.
I would like to give thanks to Mr. ANURAG SINHA (MANAGER,HR-EDC) who
enabled my placement in this group for training.
Place : CHENNAI Date :
29.09.2015
ADITYA ARYAN
13BME1011
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Unit No.
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1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
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2.1 2.2
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3.1 3.2
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5
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Brief Description
Introduction
About NTPC
Strategies of NTPC
Vision And Values of NTPC
Product Profile
Principles of operation
Basic power plant cycle
Parts of a Power Plant
COOLING TOWERS
Schematic Diagram of Cooling Tower
Types of Cooling Tower
How increase the thermal efficiency of power plants ?
Conclusion References
Page No.
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2-3 4
5-6 7
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8-15 16 17
17-21 21-23
24 25
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S.NO
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LIST OF FIGURES,TABLES AND GRAPHS
CONTENT
Figure 1 : Strategies of NTPC
Table 1 : overview of NTPC
Table 2 : capacity of the plant
Figure 2 : view of plant from canteen
Figure 3 : view of plant from Residence Area
Figure 4 : Parts of Power Plant
Figure 5 : Inside view of the Plant
Figure 6 : Cooling Tower
Figure 7 : Schematic diagram of a cooling tower
Figure 8 : wet cooling tower
Figure 9 : Dry cooling tower
Graph 1 : effect of lowering of condenser pressure on
efficiency
Graph 2 : effect of super heating temperature
Graph 3 : effect of increasing boiler pressure to
efficiency
Page No
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UNIT 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 About NTPC
NTPC Limited (formerly known as National Thermal Power Corporation
Limited) is a Central Public Sector Undertaking (CPSU) under the Ministry of
Power, Government of India, engaged in the business of generation of
electricity and allied activities. It is a company incorporated under the
Companies Act 1956 and a "Government Company" within the meaning of the
act. The headquarters of the company is situated at New Delhi. NTPC's core
business is generation and sale of electricity to state-owned power distribution
companies and State Electricity Boards in India. The company also undertakes
consultancy and turnkey project contracts that comprise of engineering, project
management, construction management and operation and management of
power plants. The company has also ventured into oil and gas exploration and
coal mining activities. It is the largest power company in India with an electric
power generating capacity of 42,964 MW.Although the company has approx.
18% of the total national capacity it contributes to over 27% of total power
generation due to its focus on operating its power plants at higher efficiency
levels (approx. 83% against the national rate of 78%).
The company was founded in November 1975 as "National Thermal Power
Corporation Private Limited". It started work on its first thermal power project
in 1976 at Barh in Patna. In the same year, its name was changed to "National
Thermal Power Corporation Limited". In 1983, NTPC began commercial
operations (of selling power) and earned profits of INR 4.5 crores in FY 1982-
83. By the end of 1985, it had achieved power generation capacity of 2000 MW.
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1.2 Strategies of NTPC
Fig 1 : Strategies of NTPC
Technological Initiatives
o Introduction of steam generators (boilers) of the size of 800 MW. o
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Technology.
o Launch of Energy Technology Centre -A new initiative for development
of technologies with focus on fundamental R&D.
o The company sets aside up to 0.5% of the profits for R&D.
o Roadmap developed for adopting µClean Development.
o Mechanism to help get earn µCertified Emission Reduction.
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Corporate Social Responsibility
o As a responsible corporate citizen NTPC has taken up number of CSR
initiatives.
o NTPC Foundation formed to address Social issues at national
level
o NTPC has framed Corporate Social Responsibility Guidelines
committing up to 0.5% of net profit annually for Community Welfare.
o The welfare of project affected persons and the local population
around NTPC projects are taken care of through well drawn
Rehabilitation and Resettlement policies.
o The company has also taken up distributed generation for remote rural
areas.
Partnering government in various initiatives
o Consultant role to modernize and improvise several plants across the
country.
o Disseminate technologies to other players in the
sector.
o Consultant role Partnership in Excellence´ Programme for
improvement of
PLF of 15 Power Stations of SEBs.
o Rural Electrification work under Rajiv Gandhi Garmin
Vidyutikaran.
Environment management
o All stations of NTPC are ISO 14001 certified.
o Various groups to care of environmental issues.
o The Environment Management Group.
o Ash utilization Division.
o A forestation Group.
o Centre for Power Efficiency & Environment
Protection.
o Group on Clean Development Mechanism.
o NTPC is the second largest owner of trees in the country after the forest
department.
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1.3 Vision And Values of NTPC
VISION : "To be the world‟s largest and best power producer, powering India‟s growth."
MISSION : "Develop and provide reliable power, related products and services
at competitive prices, integrating multiple energy sources with innovative and eco-friendly
technologies and contribute to society."
Core Values - BE COMMITTED
B Business Ethics
E Environmentally & Economically Sustainable
C Customer Focus
O Organizational & Professional Pride
M Mutual Respect & Trust
M Motivating Self & others
I Innovation & Speed
T Total Quality for Excellence
T Transparent & Respected Organization
E Enterprising
D Devoted
Table 1 : overview of NTPC
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1.4 PRODUCT PROFILE
Barh Super Thermal Power Station or NTPC Barh is located in Barh in the
Indian state of Bihar. NTPC Barh is located barely four kilometers east of
the Barh sub-division on National Highway-31 in Patna district. The project has
been named a mega power project, and is owned by Indian energy
company National Thermal Power Corporation.
The 1,980MW (3x660 MW) Barh Stage-1 is being built by Russian
firm Technopromexport (TPE), and 1,320MW (2x660 MW) Barh Stage-2
extension is being built by BHEL.
Bihar's share is 1183 MW from NTPC Barh(26% from stage 1 and 50% from
stage 2)
The main power plant and the township is spread over an area of 1,186
acres.The legal possession of 1,186 acres of land has been acquired for setting up
the main power plant and its township which includes 12 villages.
Capacity :-
table 2 : capacity of the plant
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Fig 2 : view of plant from canteen
Fig 3 : view of plant from residence area
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UNIT 2
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
A thermal power station consists of all the equipments and a subsystem required
to produce electricity by using a steam generating boiler fired with fossil fuels
or biofuels to drive an electric generator. Some prefer to use the term ENERGY
CENTER because such facilities convert form of energy like nuclear energy,
gravitational potential energy or heat energy (derived from the combustion of
fuel) into electrical energy. 2.1 BASIC POWER PLANT CYCLE :
RANKINE CYCLE
The Rankine cycle is a cycle that converts heat into work. The heat is
supplied externally to a closed loop, which usually uses water. This cycle
generates about 80% of all electric power used throughout the world, including
virtually all solar thermal, biomass, coal and nuclear power plants. It is named
after William John Macquorn Rankine, a Scottish polymath. The Rankine cycle is
the fundamental thermodynamic underpinning of the steam engine.
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2.2 Parts of a power plant :
Fig 4 : Parts of Power Plant
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1. Three phase transmission line& step- up transformer:
Three phase electric power is a common method of electric power
transmission. It is a type of polyphase system mainly used for power motors
and many other devices. In a three phase system, three circuits reach their
instantaneous peak values at different times. Taking one conductor as
reference, the other two conductors are delayed in time by one-third and two-
third of cycle of the electrical current. This delay between phases has the effect
of giving constant power over each cycle of the current and also makes it
impossible to produce a rotating magnetic field in an electric motor. At the
power station, an electric generator converts mechanical power into a set of
electric currents one from each electromagnetic coil or winding of the
generator. The currents are sinusoidal functions of time, all at the same
frequency but offset in time to give different phases. In a three phase system,
the phases are spaced equally giving a phase separation of one-third of one
cycle. Generators output at a voltage that ranges from hundreds of volts to
30,000 volts at the power station. Transformers step-up this voltage for
suitable transmission after numerous further conversions in the transmission
and distribution network, the power is finally transformed to standard mains
voltage i.e. the household voltage. This voltage transmitted may be in three
phase or in one phase only where we have the corresponding step-down
transformer at the receiving stage. The output of the transformer is usually star
connected with the standard mains voltage being the phase neutral voltage.
2. Electrical generator:
An electrical generator is a device that coverts mechanical energy to electrical
energy, using electromagnetic induction whereas electrical energy is converted
to mechanical energy with the help of electric motor. The source of mechanical
energy may be a rotating shaft of steam turbine engine. Turbines are made in
variety of sizes ranging from small 1 hp(0.75 kW) used as mechanical drives
for pumps, compressors and other shaft driven equipment to 2,000,000
hp(1,500,000 kW) turbines used to generate electricity.
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3. Steam turbine:
A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from
pressurized steam, and converts it into rotary motion. Its modern manifestation
was invented by Sir Charles Parsons in 1884. It has almost completely replaced
the reciprocating piston steam engine primarily because of its greater thermal
efficiency and higher power-to-weight ratio. Because the turbine generates
rotary motion, it is particularly suited to be used to drive an electrical generator -
about 80% of all electricity generation in the world is by use of steam turbines.
The steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of its improvement
in thermodynamic efficiency through the use of multiple stages in the expansion
of the steam, which results in a closer approach to the ideal reversible process. 4. Steam Condenser:
The condenser condenses the steam from the exhaust of the turbine into liquid to
allow it to be pumped. If the condenser can be made cooler, the pressure of the
exhaust steam is reduced and efficiency of the cycle increases. The surface
condenser is a shell and tube heat exchanger in which cooling water is
circulated through the exhaust steam from the low pressure turbine enters the
shell where it is cooled andconverted to condensate (water) by flowing over
the tubes as shown in the adjacent diagram. Such condensers use steam
ejectors or rotary motor-driven exhausters for continuous removal of air and
gases from the steam side to maintain vacuum.
5. Control valve:
Control Valves are the valves used within industrial plants and elsewhere to
control
operating conditions such as temperature, pressure, flow and liquid level by
fully or partially opening or closing in response to signals received from
controllers that compares a "set point" to a "process variable" whose value is
provided by sensors that monitor changes in such conditions. The opening or
closing of control valves is done by means of electrical, hydraulic or
pneumatic systems.
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5. Boiler Feed Pump:
A Boiler Feed Pump is a specific type of pump used to pump water into
steam boiler. The water may be freshly supplied or retuning condensation
of steam produced by the boiler. These pumps are normally high pressure
units that use suction from a condensate return system and can be of
centrifugal pump type or positive displacement type. Construction and
Operation feed water pumps range from sizes upto many horsepower and
the electric motor is usually separated from the pump body by some form
of mechanical coupling. Large industrial condensate pumps may also
serve as the feed water pump. In either case, to force water into the boiler,
the pump must generate sufficient pressure to overcome the steam
pressure developed by the boiler. This is usually accomplished through
the use of centrifugal pump. Feed water pumps usually run intermittently
and are controlled by a float switch or other similar level-sensing device
energizing the pump when it detects a lowered liquid level in the boiler
substantially increased. Some pumps contain a two stage switch. As liquid
lowers to the trigger point of the first stage, the pump is activated.If the
liquid continues to drop (perhaps because the pump has failed, its supply
has been cut-off or exhausted, or its discharge is blocked),the second stage
will be triggered. This stage may switch off the boiler equipment
(preventing the boiler from running dry and overheating), trigger an alarm
or both.
7. De-aerator:
A De-aerator is a boiler feed device for air removal and used to remove
dissolved gases from water to make it non-corrosive. A de-aerator typically
includes a vertical domed de-aeration section as the de-aeration feed water tank.
A steam generating boiler requires that the circulating steam, condensate and
feed water should be devoid of dissolved gases, particularly corrosive ones and
dissolved or suspended solids. The gases will give rise to corrosion of the metal
(due to cavitations). The solids will deposit on heating surfaces giving rise to
localized heating and tube ruptures due to overheating. De-aerator level and
pressure must be controlled by adjusting control valves-the level by regulating
condensate flow and pressure by regulating steam flow. Most de-aerators
guarantee that if operated properly, oxygen in de-aerated water will not exceed
7ppb by weight.
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8. Feed Water Heater:
A feed water heater is a power plant component used to pre heat water
delivered to a steam generating boiler. Feed water heater improves the
efficiency of the system. This reduces plant operating costs and also helps to
avoid thermal shock to boiler metal when the feed water is introduced back into
the steam cycle. Feed water heaters allow the feed water to be brought upto the
saturation temperature very gradually. This minimizes the inevitable
irreversibility associated with heat transfer to the working fluid(water).
9. Pulverizer:
A pulverizer is a device for grinding coal for combustion in a furnace, in a
coal based fuel power plant.
10. Boiler Steam Drum:
Steam Drums are a regular feature of water tube boilers. It is reservoir of
water/steam at the top end of the water tubes in the water-tube boiler. They
store the steam generated in the water tubes and act as a phase separator for the
steam/water mixture. The difference in densities between hot and cold water
helps in the accumulation of the "hotter"-water/and saturated -steam into
steam drum. Made from high-grade steel (probably stainless) and its working
involves temperatures 411'C and pressure well above 350psi (2.4MPa). The
separated steam is drawn out from the top section of the drum. Saturated steam
is drawn off the top of the drum. The steam will re-enter the furnace in through
a super heater, while the saturated water at the bottom of steam drum flows
down to the mud- drum /feed water drum by down comer tubes accessories
include a safety valve, water level indicator and fuse plug. A steam drum is
used in company of a mud-drum/feed water drum which is located at a lower
level. So that it acts as a sump for the sludge or sediments which have a higher
tendency at the bottom.
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11. Super Heater:
A Super heater is a device in a steam engine that heats the steam generated
by the boiler again increasing its thermal energy and decreasing the
likelihood that it will condense inside the engine. Super heaters increase the
efficiency of the steam engine, and were widely adopted. Steam which has
been superheated is logically known as superheated steam; non-superheated
steam is called saturated steam or wet steam; Super heaters were applied to
steam locomotives in quantity from the early 20th century, to most steam
vehicles, and so stationary steam engines including power stations.
12. Economizers:
Economizer is mechanical devices intended to reduce energy consumption, or
to perform another useful function like preheating a fluid. The term economizer
is used for other purposes as well, e.g. air conditioning. Boiler heating in
power plants. In boilers, economizer are heat exchange devices that heat fluids ,
usually water, up to but not normally beyond the boiling point of the fluid.
Economizers are so named because they can make use of the enthalpy and
improving the boiler's efficiency. They are a device fitted to a boiler which
saves energy by using the exhaust gases from the boiler to preheat the cold
water used for feed into the boiler (the feed water). Modern day boilers, such as
those in coal fired power stations, are still fitted with economizer which is
decedents of Green's original design. In this context they are turbines before it is
pumped to the boilers. A common application of economizer is steam power
plants is to capture the waste hit from boiler stack gases (flue gas) and transfer
thus it to the boiler feed water thus lowering the needed energy input , in turn
reducing the firing rates to accomplish the rated boiler output . Economizer
lowers stack temperatures which may cause condensation of combustion gases
(which are acidic in nature) and may cause serious equipment corrosion
damage if care is not taken in their design and material selection.
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13. Air Preheater:
Air preheater is a general term to describe any device designed to heat air
before another process (for example, combustion in a boiler). The purpose of
the air preheater is to recover the heat from the boiler flue gas which increases
the thermal efficiency of the boiler by reducing the useful heat lost by the flue
gases. As a consequence, the flue gases are also sent to the flue gas stack (or
chimney) at a lower temperature allowing simplified design of the ducting and
the flue gas stack. It also allows control over the temperature of gases leaving
the stack (chimney).
14 Electrostatic Precipitator:
An Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) or electrostatic air cleaner is a particulate
device that removes particles from a flowing gas (such As air) using the force
of an induced electrostatic charge. Electrostatic precipitators are highly
efficient filtration devices, and can easily remove fine particulate matter such
as dust and smoke from the air steam. ESP's continue to be excellent devices
for control of many industrial particulate emissions, including smoke from
electricity-generating utilities (coal and oil fired), salt cake collection from
black liquor boilers in pump mills, and catalyst collection from fluidized bed
catalytic crackers from several hundred thousand ACFM in the largest coal-
fired boiler application. The original parallel plate-Weighted wire design
(described above) has evolved as more efficient ( and robust) discharge
electrode designs were developed, today focusing on rigid discharge electrodes
to which many sharpened spikes are attached , maximizing corona production.
Transformer -rectifier systems apply voltages of 50-100 Kilovolts at relatively
high current densities. Modern controls minimize sparking and prevent arcing,
avoiding damage to the components. Automatic rapping systems and hopper
evacuation systems remove the collected particulate matter while on line
allowing ESP's to stay in operation for years at a time.
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15. Fuel gas stack:
A Fuel gas stack is a type of chimney, a vertical pipe, channel or similar
structure through which combustion product gases called fuel gases are
exhausted to the outside air. Fuel gases are produced when coal, oil, natural
gas, wood or any other large combustion device. Fuel gas is usually composed
of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor as well as nitrogen and excess
oxygen remaining from the intake combustion air. It also contains a small
percentage of pollutants such as particulates matter, carbon mono oxide,
nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides. The flue gas stacks are often quite tall, up to
400 meters (1300 feet) or more, so as to disperse the exhaust pollutants over a
greater aria and thereby reduce the concentration of the pollutants to the levels
required by governmental environmental policies and regulations.
•
Fig 5 : Inside view of the Plant
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UNIT 3
COOLING TOWERS
A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which rejects waste heat to
the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower
temperature.
• Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove
process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air
temperature or, in the case of closed circuit dry cooling towers, rely
solely on air to cool the working fluid to near the dry-bulb air
temperature.
Fig 6 : Cooling Tower
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3.1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A COOLING TOWER :
Fig 7 : schematic diagram of a cooling tower
3.2 TYPES OF COOLING TOWERS :
BASED ON COOLING
* WET COOLING TOWER
* DRY COOLING TOWER
BASED ON DRAFT
*NATURAL DRAFT
*MECHANICAL DRAFT - FORCED DRAFT & INDUCED Draft
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BASED ON AIR FLOW
* COUNTER FLOW
* CROSS FLOW
WET COOLING TOWER They operate on the principle of evaporative cooling.
• The working fluid and the evaporated fluid (usually water) are one and
the same.
• These are open circuit cooling tower.
•
Fig 8 : wet cooling tower
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DRY COOLING TOWER
They operate by heat transfer through a surface that separates the
working fluid from ambient air, such as in a tube to air heat exchanger
• It utilizes convective heat transfer. •
They do not use evaporation.
Fig 9 : dry cooling tower
NATURAL DRAFT
It is so called because natural flow of
air occurs through the tower.
Warm, moist air naturally rises due to
the density differential compared to the dry,
cooler outside air.
Warm moist air is less dense than drier
air at the same pressure.
This moist air buoyancy produces an
upwards current of air through the
tower.
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Two factors are responsible for creating
the natural draft:
1. rise in temperature and
humidity of air in the
column reduces its density
INDUCED DRAFT
It has fan at the discharge ( at the top).
The fan induces hot moist air out the
discharge, producing low entering
and high exiting air velocities,
It reduces the possibility of
recirculation in which discharged air
flows back into the air intake.
It requires less motor horsepower to
run the fan.
This fan/fill geometry is also known
as draw-through.
It doesn't work well in indoor places
with high static pressure.
CROSS FLOW TYPE
Here, the air flow is directed perpendicular to the water flow which enters one
or more vertical faces of the cooling tower to meet the fill material.
• Water flows (perpendicular to the air) through the fill by gravity.
• The air continues through the fill and thus past the water flow into an
open plenum volume.
• Lastly, a fan forces the air out into the atmosphere.
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COUNTER FLOW TYPE
Forced draft counter flow package type cooling towers
• In a counter flow design, the air flow is directly opposite to the water
flow.
• Air flow first enters an open area beneath the fill media, and is then
drawn up vertically.
• The water is sprayed through pressurized nozzles near the top of the
tower, and then flows downward through the fill, opposite to the air flow.
4 How increase the thermal efficiency of power plants ??
The basic idea behind all the modifications to increase the thermal
efficiency of a power cycle is the same: Increase the average temperature
at which heat is transferred to the working fluid in the boiler, or decrease
the average temperature at which heat is rejected from the working fluid
in the condenser. That is, the average fluid temperature should be as high as
possible during heat addition and as low as possible during heat rejection. Lowering the Condenser Pressure (Lowers Tlow,avg):
Steam exists as a saturated mixture in the condenser at the saturation
temperature corresponding to the pressure inside the condenser. Therefore,
lowering the operating pressure of the condenser automatically lowers the
temperature of the steam, and thus the temperature at which heat is rejected.
The effect of lowering the condenser pressure on the Rankine cycle efficiency
is illustrated on a T-s diagram in Fig.1. For comparison purposes, the turbine
inlet state is maintained the same. The colored area on this diagram
represents the increase in net work output as a result of lowering the
condenser pressure from P4 to P4'. The heat input requirements also increase
(represented by the area under curve2_-2), but this increase is very small. Thus
the overall effect of lowering the condenser pressure is an increase in the
thermal efficiency of the cycle.
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Graph 1 : effect of lowering of condenser pressure on efficiency.
Superheating the Steam to High Temperatures (Increases Thigh,avg):
The average temperature at which heat is transferred to steam can be
increased without increasing the boiler pressure by superheating the steam
to high temperatures. The effect of superheating on the performance of
vapor power cycles is illustrated on a T-s diagram in Fig.2. The colored
area on this diagram represents the increase in the net work. The total area
under the process curve 3-3_ represents the increase in the heat input. Thus
both the net work and heat input increase as a result of superheating the
steam to a higher temperature. The overall effect is an increase in thermal
efficiency,however, since the average temperature at which heat is added
increases. Graph 2 : effect of super heating temperature
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Increasing the Boiler Pressure (Increases Thigh,avg):
Another way of increasing the average temperature during the heat-
addition process is to increase the operating pressure of the boiler, which
automatically raises the temperature at which boiling takes place. This, in
turn, raises the average temperature at which heat is transferred to the
steam and thus raises the thermal efficiency of the cycle. The effect of
increasing the boiler pressure on the performance of vapor power cycles
is illustrated on a T-s diagram in Fig.3. Notice that for a fixed turbine inlet
temperature, the cycle shifts to the left and the moisture content of steam
at the turbine exit increases. This undesirable side effect can be corrected,
however, by reheating the steam, as discussed in the next section. Graph 3 : effect of increasing boiler pressure to efficiency
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CONCLUSION
Industrial training being an integral part of engineering curriculum
provides not only easier understanding but also helps acquaint an individual
with technologies. It exposes an individual to practical aspect of all things
which differ considerably from theoretical models. During my training, I
gained a lot of practical knowledge which otherwise could have been exclusive
to me. the practical exposure required here will pay rich dividends to me when
I will set my foot as an Engineer.
The training at NTPC Barh, Patna was altogether an exotic experience,
since work, culture and mutual cooperation was excellent here. Moreover
fruitful result of adherence to quality control awareness of safety and
employees were fare which is much evident here.
All the minor & major sections in the thermal project had been visited &
also understood to the best of my knowledge. I believe that this training has
made me well versed with the various processes in the power plant. As far as I
think there is a long way to go till we use our newest of ever improving
technologies to increase the efficiency because the stocks of coal are dwindling
and they are not going to last forever. Its imperative that we start shouldering the
burden together to see a shining and sustainable future INDIA.
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REFERENCES
1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barh_Thermal_Power_Station
2 http://www.ntpc.co.in/power-generation/gas-based-power-stations/Barh
3 http://www.ntpc.co.in/
4 http://ascentautomation.com/case-studies/plantconnect-air-quality-monitoring-
system-casestudy/plantconnect-air-quality-monitoring-ntpc.html
5 http://seminarprojects.com/Thread-industrial-training-at-ntpc-Barh-power-
plant-full-report
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