internet&apps ppt

8/8/2019 Internet&Apps PPT

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Institute Of Management Studies

D.A.V.V

Subject : IT Fundamental

´Internet and Its ApplicationsµSubmitted To: Submitted By:

Rahul Jain MBA(FT) ± A



The Internet

Every machinetransparently connected to

every other

Rahul Jain MBA(FT) DAVV



What Is The Internet?

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks thatuse the standard Internet Protocol Suite(TCP/IP) to serve billions of usersworldwide.

It is a network of networks that consists of

millions of private, public, academic,business, and government networks




Origins Of The Internet

The Internet began in the late 1960s as a network of computers that the United States Department of Def ense

developed using communication technology that could

continue to f unction even when it was partially damaged.

In the 1980s the National Science Foundation (NSF)used this same technology to create its own network

(NSFNET), which allowed researchers to share data and

access resources located on remote computers.

Eventually many educational, governmental, commercial,and other organizations connected their own local

computer networks to the NSFNET to f orm what is now

known as the Internet.




Who he I ter et

Institutions of all kinds - Academic, government andcommercialto allow their staff to collaborate with peers

to rapidly coordinate complex, dispersed worldwide activities

to gather and share information

by interconnecting their enterprise networks via Internet backboneproviders

Professional communities of all kinds - especiallyresearch and development organizations

Business enterprises which specialize in providing or collecting information

General public via local access providers andgateways to commercial public e-mail carriers and

other kinds of networksRahul Jai MBA(F ) DAVV



The Internet is not controlled byany individual or group.

Currently, a non-profitorganization called the InternetSociety (ISOC) elects a boardthat is responsible for managing

the technology and direction of the Internet.

Who controls the Internet?




The gl l i ter ti l r gani ati n f r en systems

inter net r ing and the Internet

A common mechanism f or:standar ds making

oper ational administr ation and coor dination

r esear ch coor dination and educationglobal cooper ation among national, r egional, and other inter national bodies

An inter national means f or sharing inf or mation and

encour aging development of inter net-r elatedinfr astr uctur e and use ar ound the world

Member s consists of individuals a n d or gani ations -commer cial, gover nmental, and non-pr ofit.

What is the Internet Society ?



What¶s the Internet: ³Nuts and

Bolts´ View

local ISP

company

network

regional ISP

router workstation

servermobile




How does the Internet work? Protocols ± standardized rules that define howcomputers communicate and exchange data

IP address ± unique number used to identify

computers on the Internet Domain name ± structured naming system to

locate computers on the Internet

URL ± uniform naming scheme that specifies

unique addresses of Internet resources

Client and server ± computing architectureused by most Internet services




What¶s a protocol?

A human protocol and a computer networkprotocol:

Hi

Hi

What isthe time?

2:00

TCP connection

req.

TCP connectionreply.

Get http://www.cs.uml.edu/index.html

<file>time




Types of Internet Connections

There are several types of internet connections.

Analog/Dial-Up

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)

B-ISDN

DSL

Cable

Wireless Internet Connections/Wireless Broadband

Leased Line

Satellite (Internet over Satellite/IoS)




Applications of Internet

There are many applications of Internet.

Communication

Inf ormation

E Commerce

Entertainment

Services




COMMUNICATE WITH OTHERS

± Electronic Mail (email) : Using emailyou can exchange messages with other people around the world. You can alsosubscribe to electronic discussion listsand journals.




Usenet Newsgroups

Usenet is an informal network of computers thatallows you to post and read messages innewsgroups that focus on specific topics.

Search Engines

Google

YahooMSN




TELNET

Telnet allows you to log on to and use other computers thatare connected to the Internet no matter where they arelocated. Telnet is commonly used to connect to librarycatalogs, community information systems, and fee-based

database services.

FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP)FTP allows you to transfer files to and from computers thatare connected to the Internet. Files that are transferred usingFTP can contain text, images, sounds, software, etc.




WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

± The World Wide Web allows you to access information onany computer, world-wide, that makes files publiclyavailable using hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP). Thisprotocol allows hypertext links between files on the samecomputer, or on other computers on the Internet.




There are various types of websites which off ersdiff erent f acilities and services: like

Social NetworkingFacebookOrkutMySpaceTwitter

InformativeGoogle Search EngineYahoo Search EngineWekipedia

GamingZapakGamezone

Email & ChatGmail

Rediffmail Rahul Jain MBA(FT) DAVV



Internet Privacy

There is no privacy on the Internet ± yet.Passwords - The basic defensive measure.

Hackers use machines to rapidly try combinations of passwords.

Phishing attacks attempt to fool you into giving away your

password or other account information.Use more than 6 characters and special characters (!@#$%)to increase combinations possible.

Protecting Files

Access to files is typically given to user, group, and world.More complex schemes can be incorporated within software.

Keep truly sensitive files disconnected from the internet.

Firewalls

Attempts to control your machines access to the internet

Attempts to block unwanted access to your machineRahul Jain MBA(FT) DAVV



Types of Connection

SLIP AND PPP ACCOUNTS

All ISPs offer access to the Internet throughSLIP or PPP accounts. These accounts allow

you to achieve a temporary dial-up directconnection to the Internet using TCP/IPsoftware with your computer. The speed of this kind of connection is determined by your

modem speed as well as the speed at whichthe ISP is connected to the backbone of theInternet.




Types of Connection

INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL

NETWORK (ISDN) ACCOUNTS

ISDN connections achieve a permanent directconnection to the Internet through a digitaltelephone line. ISDN connections allow your computer to communicate at speeds up to

64000 and 128000 bps. To establish an ISDNconnection one must obtain the appropriatehardware, request ISDN service (if available)from DOT, and find a local ISP that provides

ISDN accounts Rahul Jain MBA(FT) DAVV



Types of Connection

LEASED LINE CONNECTIONS

High-speed dedicated telephone lines betweenyour computer and an ISP can range from

14,400 bps to high speed lines that transfer 2MBPS. Because these connections areexpensive to set up and maintain, they are moreoften used by companies and organizations

running LANs than they are by individuals.When the server on a LAN has a dedicatedInternet connection, all computers on the LANhave access to all Internet resources.




INTERNET ADDRESSES

Every computer that is directly connected to theInternet has a unique Internet address.

This address can be expressed as a numericInternet Protocol (IP) address or an alphanumerichost address.

Both address formats contain several parts, whichare separated by dots or periods, that identify the

general and specific locations of a computer.




IP ADDRESSES

Computers use IP addresses (e.g.,35.8.2.61) to identify and communicate

with each other.These addresses contain four separatenumbers that represent the general tospecific location of a computer as youread them from left to right.

You may sometimes see IP addressesbut will rarely need to use them.




Internet Standard Domain Names

The NIC has specified a set of standard topThe NIC has specified a set of standard top--level domain names that form the basis of level domain names that form the basis of both a geographical and nonboth a geographical and non--geographicalgeographical

naming systemnaming system ± ± comcom commercial organisationscommercial organisations

± ± eduedu educationall organisationseducationall organisations

± ± govgov government institutionsgovernment institutions

± ± milmil military groupsmilitary groups

± ± netnet major network support centresmajor network support centres

± ± orgorg organisations other than the aboveorganisations other than the above

± ± intint international organisationsinternational organisations

± ± country codecountry code two character identif ier f or atwo character identif ier f or a

country in the geographical schemecountry in the geographical schemeRahul Jain MBA(FT) DAVV



Organizational top-level domains are used for resources that are located within the UnitedStates and identify the types of organizations

that run the computers where resources arelocated. These include:

GOV - government, e.g., whitehouse.gov

EDU - educational, e.g., ncsu.edu

COM - commercial, e.g., apple.comMIL - military, e.g., army.mil

NET - networks, e.g., sura.net

ORG - non-prof it organizations, e.g., nypl.org

Host Addresses




EMAIL ADDRESSES

When a person has an email account on aparticular computer, he or she also has ausername.

A person's email address is the usernamefollowed by @ (the at sign), followed by thehost address for the computer where the

email account is located. For example, pr sid t@whit hous .g ov is the emailaddress for the President of the UnitedStates at the White House.




Unif orm Resource Locators (URL)

A URL is a form of Internet address that points

to and accesses Internet resources through theWorld Wide Web. URLs identify the protocolused to access a resource (e.g., TELNET,FTP, Gopher), the host address, the directory

path, and filename of a resource.

Example: http://www.facebook.com/home.php


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