international symposium for seoul botanic park 2019 - plant … · 2019-10-04 · •thinning stems...

Chief Director Nam Ki Jung

Optimal management method for plants in botanical gardens

International Symposium for Seoul Botanic Park 2019- Plant Collection, Display, and Preservation at Botanical Gardens

Table of Contents

1. Irrigation

2. Temperature and Humidity

3. Light

4. Fertilizer Management

5. Disease and Pest

6. Weeding Management

Indoor & Outdoor

of the Botanical Garden

Botanical Garden

Indoor

물은 어떻게 줘야 할까요?

How should plants be

watered?

“Water Well!”

“3-year Water Cycle”

Soil Condition

Materials

Contractor(Order)

Designer Constructor Manager

Considerations for Irrigation

1. Soil Condition

2. External Environment (wind, temperature)

3. Plant Root Formation

Consideration of Soil Condition for Irrigation

Soil retention is low because of

insufficient microorganism content in the early stage of

planting

Moisture is always lacking despite frequent watering as only the surface soaks in water due to

the slope

Lowland plants wither due to excess moisture

Source: Tree Diagnosis Center, ChungnamNational University

Early Stage Planting

Slope Planting Lowland Planting

•If water drainage of soil is bad, the roots rot and die or cease growth

•Pathogenic bacterium enters rotten roots and damage spreads to above ground and under ground parts

Damage from Excess Moisture

Rotting root from baddrainage

Ponding

•Damage from bad drainage can make the leaves at the lower par t of the crown to fall suddenly or turn the leaves yellow, reducing the overall vitality of the tree

Source: Tree Diagnosis Center, Chungnam National University

Consideration of External Conditions for Irrigation

RAINY

SUNNY

CLOUDY

•Plants should be watered in consideration of root formation

•Shallow-rooting, deep-rooting, etc.

Consideration of Root Formation for Irrigation

경사면

Source: Illustrations of Tree Roots

Irrigation Simple Tip 3

1. It is important to water slowly and repeatedly.

2. Plants on slopes and soil heaps should be watered slowly and

repeatedly in small amounts.

3. If necessary, it is very helpful to use materials that can

reduce surface friction or provide moisture in the early

stage.

Temperature and Humidity

• Not as sensitive to temperature or humidity as greenhouses (rooting is fully completed)

• Sudden change in temperature and humidity can result in fatal consequences

• Humidity can turn into blight damage and low temperature and dampness due to condensation issue from lack of ventilation and temperature difference in winter

• It is very difficult to lower humidity in winter

• Lowering the humidity in winter must be done by raising the temperature and ventilating at the same time

Cold air

Warm air

Light

• Shade is necessary for temperature control in mid-summer

• Change in plant location and ecological planting location control necessary

Fertilizer Management

•Early-stage excessive nitrogen and salt accumulation problems

•Microelement deficiency symptoms

•For tropical plants, potassium can lead to deficiency and nitrogen shortage

•It is important to increase the organism content

•Greenhouses have low fertilizer loss leading to excess nutrients -> salt accumulation

Direct damage from salt Damage from potassium deficiency


Symptoms and Causes of Damage from Fertilizers

Type Symptom and Characteristics

Nitrogen(N)

•Faded color of leaves, weak growth•Aged leaves turn yellow or brown•Stems become shorter and thinner

Phosphorus(P)

• Leaves turn purple, weak growth• Sometimes, aged leaves turn copperish and show purple or brown spots

Potassium(K)

•Thinning stems• Fully-grown leaves turn yellow and the edges turn brown and dry

• Brown spots appear on the edges

Magnesium

(Mg)

• Fully-grown leaves show yellow stains and turn reddish

•Sometimes, there are gangrenous spots• Ends and edges of leaves dry and can fall off

Calcium(Ca)

• Ends of young leaves bend backwards and edges dry

• Leaves turn brown and show spots• End buds die and weak root growth

Type Symptom and Characteristics

Sulfur(S)

•Young leaves turn light green or light yellow•Symptoms similar to nitrogen deficiency

Boron(B)

• Base of young leaves on buds turn light green and are destroyed

Iron(Fe)

• Young leaves turn severely yellow but thick veins remain green

•Sometimes, brown spots appear on leaves• All or parts of leaves dry and leaves can fall off

• Veins of leaves exposed to chlorosis or discoloration

Zinc(Zn)

• Gaps between leaf veins turn yellow and result in necrosis

• Concentration of purple pigment and leaves turn purple

• Leaves are small and low in number, gaps between stems are shorter and bundled

• Leaves positioned lower start falling off first

Manganese

• Browning of leaves• Small veins remain green, creating a checkered pattern


Nitrogen (N) deficiency

•Faded color of leaves, weak growth

•Aged leaves turn yellow or brown

•Stems become shorter and thinner

Korean Soil Information System, http://soil.rda.go.kr/m/soil/nutri/nutriObstList.jsp

Phosphorus (P)

deficiency

•Leaves turn purple, weak growth

•Sometimes, aged leaves turn copperishand show purple or brown spots


Potassium (K) deficiency

•Thinning stems

•Fully-grown leaves turn yellow and the edges turn brown and dry

•Brown spots appear on the edges


Magnesium (Mg) deficiency

•Fully-grown leaves show yellow stains and turn reddish

•Sometimes, there are gangrenous spots

•Ends and edges of leaves dry and can fall off


Calcium (Ca) deficiency

•Ends of young leaves bend backwards and edges dry

•Leaves turn brown and show spots

•End buds die and weak root growth


Sulfur (S) deficiency

•Young leaves turn light green or light yellow

•Symptoms similar to nitrogen deficiency


Boron (B) deficiency

• Base of young leaves on buds turn light green and are destroyed

• Deformation of leaves and stems

• Cessation and contraction of growth

• Suberization of outer stems and outer skin of fruit


Iron (Fe) deficiency

• Young leaves turn severely yellow but thick veins remain green

• Sometimes, brown spots appear on leaves

• All or parts of leaves dry and leaves can fall off

• Veins of leaves exposed to chlorosis or discoloration

Rural Development Administration, Nongsaro/ http://www.nongsaro.go.kr/

Zinc (Zn) deficiency

• Gaps between leaf veins turn yellow and result in necrosis

• Reduced growth and thinning of stem superposition of leaves

• Weak growth of leaves

• Leaves are small and low in number, gaps between stems are shorter and bundled

• Leaves positioned lower start falling off first


Manganese (Mn) deficiency

• Browning of leaves

• Small veins remain green, creating a checkered pattern

• Gangrenous spots form

• If severe, they turn brown and wither

Rural Development Administration, Nongsaro/ http://www.nongsaro.go.kr/

Disease and Pest

• Frequent appearance of mite, greenhouse whitefly, coccid, etc.

• Regular extermination is necessary Rural Development Administration, https://ncpms.rda.go.kr/npms/Main.np

Weeding Management

• Weed regularly

• Manage by mulching

• Mulching: Peat moss, etc. (helps to increase the organism content)

Carried in by peopleCarried in with other plantsCarried in by wind

Last Two Points…

“Frequent replacement of the manager is a HUGE problem.”

“It is not about how much you know,

it is about how much you do”

Thank you

Optimal management method for plants in botanical gardens

International Symposium for Seoul Botanic Park 2019- Plant Collection, Display, and Preservation at Botanical Gardens

international symposium for seoul botanic park 2019 - plant … · 2019-10-04 · •thinning stems...

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