international relations key terms

8/9/2019 International Relations Key Terms

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International RelationsKey Terms

Key Terms


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International Relations

International Relations as a field of

study covers the factors and processes

that affect the interactions amongstates and non-state actors across

national boundaries


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Actors

State

Inter Governmental Organizations

International Institutions Non-state entities


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Anarchy

Implies not the complete chaos or

absence of structure or rules, but rather

than lack a of a central government thatcan enforce rules at international level;


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Authority

Legitimate right to use Power


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Balance of Power

A condition in which the distribution of

military and political forces among nations

means no one state is sufficiently strong todominate all the others.

It may be global, regional or local in scope


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Bureaucratic

Rule by officials; routine administrative

work

Political & social aspects Career specialists


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Cold War

The period in world affairs from c.1947-

1990, marked by ideological, economic

and political hostility and competitionbetween the US and the Soviet Union, and

drawing in other powers at various levels

of involvement


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Conflict

Perceived rival and incompatible claims

over some desired "good"


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Democracy

Democratic centralism- serves the interest

of people

Direct Democracy all citizens participatein making laws

Representative democracy - we elect

people to represent us and vote on our

behalf


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Democracy - Representative

Parliamentary System

Power vested in legislature

Prime minister chosen by legislature Centralized power

Presidential system

Power vested in separate institutions

President chosen by the people

Power decentralized


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Defense Strategy

Involves the assumption that war will be

fought with three aims in mind:

1. to punish the aggressor 2. to deny territorial gains

3. to limit the damage to oneself


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Ethnic Group

A group of people who define themselves

as distinct from other groups because of

cultural differences


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Government

Government consists of those institutions

that have the authority to make decisions

binding on the whole society


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Foreign Policy

The goals that state officials seek to obtain

abroad, the values that give rise to those

objectives, and the means or instruments

through which these are pursued


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Glasnost

Russian term, literally meaning

"openness," applied in the Soviet Union

beginning in the mid-1980s to official

permission for public discussion of issues

and public access to information.

Identified with the tenure of Mikhail S.

Gorbachev as leader of the Soviet Union.


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Inter-Governmental Organizations

(IGO) Any international body or agency set up by

the state, controlled by its member states,

and dealing primarily with their common

interests


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LDC

Less Developed Country

Non-industrialized nations characterized

by low per capita income, high birthratesand death rates, high population growth

rates, and low levels of technological

development.


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Marxism

People who believe that those who control

the economic system also controls the

political one

Focus is on means of production

Government is controlled by a dominate

social class


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MAD

Mutually Assured Destruction, strategic

doctrine which guarantees that each side

in a nuclear exchange would survive a first

strike by its opponent with enough arms

intact to launch a second-strike sufficient

to destroy the aggressor


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Multiple Sum game

Both actors can mutually gain


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Natural Law

The idea there existed rights and duties

attached to human beings as such that

existed in all times and all places, that

could be discovered by reason, and that

should be applied in the relations between

groups


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Negative Peace

The absence of war and physical (direct)

violence


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Non-Aligned Movement

Organization of Third World countries

which dealt with statements on a wide

variety of issues from nuclear proliferation

to trade and development,

First meeting: Bandung, Indonesia, 1955,

led by a few relatively strong, independent

personalities: Tito, Nehru, and Nasser(Yugoslavia, India, Egypt)


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NGO

Any private organization involved in

activities that have transnational

implications


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OECD

Organization for Economic Cooperation

and Development, organization of 29

industrialized countries


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OPEC

Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries: cartel of oil producers formed to

control the price and supply of oil on world

markets


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Politics

Politics is the activity generated by the

conflict over who will run the government

and what decisions it will make


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Power

The ability of one person to cause another

person to act in accordance with the first

persons intentions.


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Perestroika

Restructuring', a term used by Mikhail

Gorbachev to describe his plans to reform,

modernize and partly decentralize the

Soviet economy


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Positive Peace

The absence of structural violence as well

as direct violence


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Protectionism

Protecting a States economy from the

international economy by imposing various

restrictions on flow of imports or exports of

goods or services into or out of your

country


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Security Dilemma

A situation in which states' actions taken to

assure their own security, tend to threaten

the security of other states


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Sovereignty

Means a government has the right, at least

in principle, to do whatever it likes in its

own territory

External and Internal Sovereignty


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Structural Power

The power to change the rules of the

game for others, the power to structure the

choices of other actors


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Structural Violence

Latent or hidden forms of social conflict


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War

Legitimate use of organized violence or

force to achieve "goals"


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Zero- Sum Game

one actors' gain is another's loss


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References

John T.Rourke, International Politics on the World Stage, 10thedition, McGraw-Hill, 2005

Andrew Heywood, Key Concepts in Politics, Palgrave-macmilan,2000

Peter Calvocorresi, World Politics 1945-2000, Pearson, 2001

John Baylis & Steve Smith (ed), The Globalization of WorldPolitics- An Introduction to International Relations, OUP, 2001

John Hucthinson & Anthony Smith (ed), Nationalism , OUP,1994

Palmer & Perkins, International Relations 3rd edition, AITBS,2007

Robert Jackson & Georg Sorensen, Introduction to International

Relations- Theories and Approaches, OUP, 2006

international relations key terms

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