The key word in continuity is CONTINUE It is to make sure things are continuous

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ggFKLxAQBbc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9f8liieRepk&feature=related

Continuity

Did you notice the editing?

NO! Because good editing is INVISIBLE!

Clips

Continuity EditingThe most common type of editing which aims to create a sense of reality and time moving forward.

Also known as invisible editing referring to how the technique does not draw attention to the editing process but allows the audience to concentrate on the narrative.

Various filming rules and techniques are applied to ensure this smooth continuity.

Basically, continuity editing is so that scenes look continuous. (the flow)

Techniques/rules of continuity editing:-180 degree rule-match on action (match cuts)-shot reverse shot-eye-line match-crosscutting or parallel editing

Continuity EDITING

Purpose: Is to orientate the viewer, to establish the placement of characters.

Breaking the 180 rule, it will place the characters in a different place

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HdyyuqmCW14

Continuity editing: 180 degree rule

180 degree rule cont.

1 ACTION = MULTIPLE SHOTS

Is multiple cuts to show one continuous action. Match on action is part of invisible editing which creates flow when watching a scene. The cuts MATCH together so that the audience know it is one action.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMx-Az5Da4M Think of how many match cuts there are!

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Continuity editing: match on action

What kind of pace is created in these clips? How? Why?How does sound connect to the editing/pace? How? Why?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h1Nx1o7fkVM AS example

Shot reverse shot is when a shot goes from shot A, shot B, shot A, shot B etc.

It goes continuously back and forth between the 2 shots to show there is a connection between them

It is often used in conversations so you see what both characters are saying

It is a form of eye-line matching if the character is looking at someone and the next shot is what they look at

Imagine if a conversation was just 1 shot of character A and you didn’t see character B’s face at all?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1JauH_EKpaY

Continuity editing: shot reverse shot

Shot A: character is looking off screenShot B: what character is looking at

Is a following shot that follows what character is looking at, makes cuts smoother the audience expects the cut to happen and is eager to see what happens next/what character sees.

Example, a) A person’s phone rings, she turns and looks in direction of phoneb) Close up shot of phone ringing

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KtVKu9CfDA&feature=relmfu This is eye-line match because of the cards she is looking at………..but it is also……..?

Continuity editing: eye-line match

Her looking at cards her looking at cards

Technique of continuously alternating 2 or more scenes that often happen simultaneously (at same time) but in different locations.

As they cross, pace gradually gets faster and fast and tension builds

Often the parallel scenes will intersect to create a climax.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OD0h7WcgJ5w 2 scenes: a) interrogation b) car approaching

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ts1x6uADFtM&feature=related -2 scenes: a) FBI director (outside house) b) criminal (inside house)

What is unique/different about this scene? How has cross cutting been used different? (What is its intention upon the audience?)

Continuity editing: cross cutting

A B A B A

Cross cutting example

Busted! Climax(2 scene collide)

A (3pm)B (3pm) A (315pm)

B (315pm)

A (330pm)B (330pm)A (3:33pm)B (3:33pm)

This video is a good summary of continuity with examples from a film

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8xauSCz1mEk

Continuity Editing video

A cutaway is video scene that CUTS away to relevant images or footage

Often used in documentaries or in film when a vital piece of information is needed to show the audience. Usually the dialogue or voice will CONTINUE during the cutaway (to keep it continuous)

It is used to have variety in the visuals

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjwbwxUX2hY

Cut in and Cutaway

http://www.imdb.com/video/imdb/vi2472477465 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZXXpX29Xt-Uhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t1JsC1ur2X8

PaceTYPE OF PACE

Effects

SLOW -to make slow/calm/still-little number of shots/cuts which are long-to make audience calm or bored (perhaps to pay attention to detail or to emphasize emotion)

MEDIUM -to make normal and comfortable-average number shots/cuts which are medium time which could show realism

FAST -to make intense, exciting and thrilling-lots of shots/cuts which are short-to make audience tense/excited

Which pace for each clip?How is this pace created?Why is this pace created?

How is time edited? How is time shown and/or manipulated to communicate a narrative?

How is time shown/represented? Is there a manipulation of time? How? Why?

TYPES OF TIME

STORY TIME: time of the events (ex a film over 50 years ….)

DISCOURSE TIME: time taken to narrate the event (how long to tell the story?

Ex 2 hours )

Time

MORE TYPES OF TIME ExampleSummary -discourse shorter than

storyA film takes place over 50 years but shown in 2 hours

Ellipsis -establishing discourse time rather than story

-shot 1: man out of bed…. -shot 2: man in shower…..-shot 3: man getting dressed…. -shot 4: man driving to work. The audience can fill in the gaps (…)

Scene -story and discourse time are equal (to show realism (real time)

Soap opera which shows a scene in 5 minutes which is actually 5 mins

Stretch -discourse is longer than story(using slow motion)

Scene in race where it is in slow motion to show a runner winning and to capture the emotion

Flashback -character has a flash back (which is a thought or memory in the past)-flashbacks are often in dull colours, black and white and altered light (to make it different than real time)-causes non linear narrative as you are changing order of time

In hunger games, Kat is thinking about Peeta at dinner table, she has a flashback and audience see her thoughts of her sitting outside the bakery and Peeta throwing her bread

Flash-forward -when audience are shown the future scenes or events (often to give clues)-causes non linear narrative as you are changing order of time

Remember the audience will not see everything, things are edited in order they get to see what is important.◦ Who/what has most time on screen? Why?◦ Who/what has little time on screen and why?

◦ *link to representation/stereotype◦ *link to placement (shots/angles) where are characters

placed in the scene? Are they in the middle of the screen or hidden in a corner or behind other people?

◦ Think of the fast and furious chase scene = who has the most/little time? Why?

Time allocation

Straight cutting – to show realism, in conversations etc. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QLkUHZ1qips

Graphic match – when 2 shots match graphically, often with an overlap transition (ex shot of eyeball, then shot of the sun (same size/shape = to show their relationship) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HG5kPlxzeU

Overlap/dissolve – makes a softer transition, to show ellipsis or time

passing http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BvGc6D85fwE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HK6zGWox6S0

Wipe – often used to show new day or new scene/location (sideways wipe)

Fade in/out (fade to black or appear from black – often used to communicate ending or beginning) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0_2ZFdB6Hk

Flash – to show flashbacks or flash-forwards (to show thoughts or memories) (flashes to white) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SY_qeOIjIg

Transitions

B&w –often used to show memory or time period

Contrast – to altar the lighting (or contrast = very light lights and dark darks sometimes with memories

Colour - to add a colour filter to show a specific mood Example ‘The ring’ – many scenes are very blue-ish, which show sterile/coldness etc.

Animation – titles of shows or cartoons

CGI – computer generated images (example = avatar, planet of apes, polar express)

Fast forward/slow motion – speeding up or slowing down footage http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZIK4Uf9NhJA (fast) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4QrlPmK4B94 (slow)

Ghost trail – see multiple actions (overlapped) to show someone drunk or on drugs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z5xkFN-pOJc (ghost trail) ….. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XI3bnkWD0Fg (hallucination when stung by bee at 2:06)

Blur – to show un-clarity, or fuzzy memory/flashback (bee sting scene – some is blurry when Peeta coming)

Special Effects

Montage editing is a serious of montage which is a series of shots that are not in sequential order, continuous or relate to each other.

It is just like pieces of the puzzle, often used in trailers, TV openings (the show credits/opening)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2HAUmII_hcg

Montage editing

TIMERYTHYMTEMPORALSPACE

Editing can create and manipulate the following….

Takes us to different locations –Cuts to new place such as a hotel pool, to room, to kitchen

Changes pace (there can create tension) –Go from slow to fast to show change in character’s feelings (fingersmiths)

Influence our opinions on characters depending on how much screen time they get (time allocation)  (like/dislike)

–Feel sorry for 2nd maid as she is not shown very much

Manipulate the time experienced by characters and audience (showing us different things at same time for example)

–Think of a scene to show a character is getting more fit over time  (montage editing & transitions/cuts of different locations will allow us to understand time)

–Ellipsis – cutting out time to understand something took place over a period of time –Split screen or cross cutting (different places happening at same time)

Offer clues about the characters or plot development –Having an eye line match of something a character can see might reveal more info

–Cutting between characters in a scene may reveal more about each character (linked with MES/CAM SAM)  - think of scene in freedom writers, there is sound bridging when he reads the diary but we actually so the eyeline matches of the teacher/other students to understand they feel sorry for him

It can….