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Cambridge University Press978-0-521-76315-8 - International Law Reports: Volume 144Edited by Sir Elihu Lauterpacht. CBE QC, Sir Christopher Greenwood. CMG QC and Karen Lee FrontmatterMore information

INTERNATIONALLAW REPORTS

Volume 144

http://www.cambridge.org/9780521763158

http://www.cambridge.org




Volumes published under the title:

ANNUAL DIGEST AND REPORTSOF PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW CASES

Vol. 1 (1919-22)

Vol. 2 (1923-24)Edited by Sir John Fischer Williams, K.C.,

and H. Lauterpacht, LL.D.

Vol. 3 (1925-26)

Vol. 4 (1927-28)

Edited by Arnold D. McNair, C.B.E., LL.D.,and H. Lauterpacht, LL.D.

Vol. 5 (1929-30)Vol. 6 (1931-32)Vol. 7 (1933-34)Vol. 8 (1935-37)Vol. 9 (1938-40)Vol. 10 (1941-42)Vol. 11 (1919-42)Vol. 12 (1943-45)Vol. 13 (1946)Vol. 14 (1947)Vol. 15 (1948)Vol. 16 (1949)

Edited by H. Lauterpacht, Q.C., LL.D., F.B.A.

Volumes published under the title:

INTERNATIONAL LAW REPORTS

Vol. 17 (1950)Vol. 18 (1951)Vol. 19 (1952)Vol. 20 (1953)

Vol. 21 (1954)Vol. 22 (1955)Vol. 23 (1956)

Edited by Sir Hersch Lauterpacht, Q.C., LL.D.,F.B.A.

Vol. 24 (1957) Edited by Sir Hersch Lauterpacht, Q.C., LL.D.,F.B.A., and E. Lauterpacht

Vol. 25 (1958-I)

Vol. 26 (1958-II)Edited by E. Lauterpacht, Q.C.

Vols. 27-68 and Consolidated Tables and Index to Vols. 1-35 and 36-45Edited by E. Lauterpacht, Q.C.

Vols. 69-144 and Consolidated Index and Consolidated Tables of Casesand Treaties to Vols. 1-80, Vols. 81-100and Vols. 1-125

Edited by Sir Elihu Lauterpacht, C.B.E., Q.C.,and Sir Christopher Greenwood, C.M.G., Q.C.






Lauterpacht Centre for International LawUniversity of Cambridge

INTERNATIONALLAW REPORTS

VOLUME144

Edited by

SIR ELIHU LAUTERPACHT, cbe qcHonorary Professor of International Law, University of Cambridge

Bencher of Gray’s Inn

SIR CHRISTOPHER GREENWOOD, cmg qcJudge of the International Court of Justice

Bencher of Middle Temple

and

KAREN LEEAssistant Editor

Fellow of the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law, University of CambridgeFellow of Girton College, Cambridge

G R O T I U S P U B L I C A T I O N S






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CONTENTSPage

Preface vii

Editorial Note ix

Table of Cases (alphabetical) xiii

Table of Cases (according to courts and countries) xv

Digest (main headings) xvii

Digest of Cases Reported in Volume 144 xix

Table of Treaties xxv

Reports of Cases 1

Index 701

v






PREFACEThe present volume is devoted to a small group of important interna-tional decisions. It contains the judgments of the International Courtof Justice in the Territorial and Maritime Dispute between Nicaraguaand Honduras in the Caribbean Sea and Maritime Delimitation in theBlack Sea (Romania v. Ukraine) respectively and the arbitral awards inthe Rhine Chlorides and Abyei arbitrations.

There are many people, to all of whom the Editors are most grateful,whose work has made this volume possible. Mr Aloysius P. Llamzon,Legal Counsel, Permanent Court of Arbitration and Acting Registrar inthe arbitration, wrote the summary of Abyei. Mr Joshua Brien, SeniorLegal Adviser and Program Leader (Maritime Boundaries), Special Advi-sory Services Division, Commonwealth Secretariat, London, preparedthe summaries of the two judgments of the International Court of Jus-tice. Ms Karen Lee, Assistant Editor, summarized the Rhine Chloridescase as well as seeing the volume through the press. We are grateful toTerralink International Limited for permission to reproduce the mapsmarked with its copyright in Abyei (Appendices 1, 2 and 3). Ms TaraGrant prepared the Tables of Cases and Digest and provided generaland secretarial assistance. Miss Maureen MacGlashan, CMG compiledthe Table of Treaties and the Index. Mrs Diane Ilott checked the copyand Ms Caroline Burkitt read the proofs.

In addition we would like to extend our thanks to all the otherswho have worked to complete this volume, particularly our publishers,Cambridge University Press, and typesetters, Aptara, and their staff.

E. LAUTERPACHTLauterpacht Centre

for International Law,University of Cambridge

C. J. GREENWOODThe Peace Palace,The Hague

July 2011






EDITORIAL NOTE

The International Law Reports endeavour to provide within a single seriesof volumes comprehensive access in English to judicial materials bearingon public international law. On certain topics it is not always easy todraw a clear line between cases which are essentially ones of publicinternational law interest and those which are primarily applicationsof special domestic rules. For example, in relation to extradition, theReports will include cases which bear on the exception of “politicaloffences” or the rule of double criminality, but will restrict the numberof cases dealing with purely procedural aspects of extradition. Similarly,while the general rules relating to the admission and exclusion of aliens,especially of refugees, are of international legal interest, cases on theprocedure of admission usually are not. In such borderline areas, andsometimes also where there is a series of domestic decisions all dealingwith a single point in essentially the same manner, only one illustrativedecision will be printed and references to the remainder will be given inan accompanying note.

Decisions of International TribunalsThe Reports seek to include so far as possible the available decisions ofevery international tribunal, e.g. the International Court of Justice, or adhoc arbitrations between States. There are, however, some jurisdictionsto which full coverage cannot be given, either because of the largenumber of decisions (e.g. the Administrative Tribunal of the UnitedNations) or because not all the decisions bear on questions of publicinternational law (e.g. the Court of Justice of the European Union). Inthese instances, those decisions are selected which appear to have thegreatest long-term value.

Human rights cases. The number of decisions on questions of interna-tional protection of human rights has increased considerably in recentyears and it is now impossible for the Reports to cover them all. Asfar as decisions of international jurisdictions are concerned, the Reportswill continue to publish decisions of the European Court of HumanRights and of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, as well as“views” of the United Nations Committee on Human Rights. Decisionsof national courts on the application of conventions on human rightswill not be published unless they deal with a major point of substantivehuman rights law or a matter of wider interest to public international

ix






x EDITORIAL NOTE

lawyers such as the relationship of international law and national law, theextent of the right of derogation or the principles of the interpretationof treaties.

International arbitrations. The Reports of course include arbitralawards rendered in cases between States which involve an application ofpublic international law. Beyond this, however, the selection of arbitraldecisions is more open to debate. As these Reports are principally con-cerned with matters of public international law, they will not includepurely private law commercial arbitrations even if they are internationalin the sense that they arise between parties of different nationality andeven if one of them is a State. (For reports of a number of such awards,see Yearbook Commercial Arbitration (ed. Albert Jan van den Berg, underthe auspices of the International Council for Commercial Arbitration).)But where there is a sufficient point of contact with public internationallaw then the relevant parts of the award will be reported. Examples ofsuch points of contact are cases in which the character of a State as aparty has some relevance (e.g. State immunity, stabilization clauses, forcemajeure) or where there is a choice of law problem involving discussionof international law or general principles of law as possible applica-ble laws. The same criteria will determine the selection of decisions ofnational courts regarding the enforcement of arbitral awards.

Decisions of National TribunalsA systematic effort is made to collect from all national jurisdictionsthose judicial decisions which have some bearing on international law.

Editorial Treatment of MaterialsThe basic policy of the Editors is, so far as possible, to present the materialin its original form. It is no part of the editorial function to impose onthe decisions printed in these volumes a uniformity of approach orstyle which they do not possess. Editorial intervention is limited to theintroduction of the summary and of the bold-letter rubric at the headof each case. This is followed by the full text of the original decision orof its translation. Normally, the only passages which will be omitted arethose which contain either statements of fact having no bearing on thepoints of international law involved in the case or discussion of mattersof domestic law unrelated to the points of international legal interest.The omission of material is usually indicated either by a series of dotsor by the insertion of a sentence in square brackets noting the passageswhich have been left out.






EDITORIAL NOTE xi

Presentation of MaterialsThe material in the volume has been typeset for this volume. The sourceof all such material is indicated by the reference to the “Report” in squarebrackets at the end of the case. The language of the original decision isalso mentioned there. The bold figures in square brackets in the bodyof the text in non-English cases indicate the pagination of the originalreport.

NotesFootnotes. Footnotes enclosed in square brackets are editorial inser-

tions. All other footnotes are part of the original report.

Other notes. References to cases deemed not to be sufficiently sub-stantial to warrant reporting will occasionally be found in editorial noteseither at the end of a report of a case on a similar point or under anindependent heading.

Digest of CasesWith effect from Volume 75 the decisions contained in the Reports areno longer arranged according to the traditional classification scheme.Instead a Digest of Cases is published at the beginning of each volume.The main headings of the Digest are arranged alphabetically. Under eachheading brief details are given of those cases reported in that volumewhich contain points covered by that heading. Each entry in the Digestgives the name of the case concerned and the page reference, the nameof the tribunal which gave the decision and an indication of the mainpoints raised in the case which relate to that particular heading of theDigest. Where a case raises points which concern several different areasof international law, entries relating to that case will appear under eachof the relevant headings in the Digest. A list of the main headings usedin the Digest is set out at p. xvii.

Consolidated Index and TablesA Consolidated Index and a Consolidated Tables of Cases and Treatiesfor volumes 1-80 were published in two volumes in 1990 and 1991. Afurther volume containing the Consolidated Index and ConsolidatedTables of Cases and Treaties for volumes 81-100 was published in1996. A Consolidated Index, a Consolidated Tables of Cases and aConsolidated Table of Treaties for volumes 1-125 were published in2004. Volume 140 contains Consolidated Tables of Cases for volumes126-140.






TABLE OF CASES REPORTEDALPHABETICAL

(Cases which are reported only in a note are distinguished from cases which are reportedin full by the insertion of the word “note” in parentheses after the page number of the report.)

Abyei Arbitration (Government of Sudan/Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army) (Final Award) 348

Auditing of Accounts between the Nether-lands and France pursuant to the Addi-tional Protocol of 25 September 1991 tothe Convention on the Protection of theRhine against Pollution by Chlorides of3 December 1976 (Netherlands/France)(Award) 259

Maritime Delimitation in the Black Sea(Romania v. Ukraine) (Judgment) 179

Rhine Chlorides Arbitration 259

Territorial and Maritime Dispute betweenNicaragua and Honduras in theCaribbean Sea (Nicaragua v. Honduras)(Judgment) 1

xiii






TABLE OF CASES REPORTEDARRANGED ACCORDING TO COURTS ANDTRIBUNALS (INTERNATIONAL CASES) AND

COUNTRIES (MUNICIPAL CASES)

(Cases which are reported only in a note are distinguished from cases which are reportedin full by the insertion of the word “note” in parentheses after the page number of the report.)

I. DECISIONS OF INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNALS

Arbitration Tribunals

2004Case Concerning the Auditing of Accounts

between the Kingdom of the Nether-lands and the French Republic Pursuantto the Additional Protocol of 25 Septem-ber 1991 to the Convention on theProtection of the Rhine Against Pollu-tion by Chlorides of 3 December 1976(Netherlands/France) (Award) 259

2009Abyei Arbitration (Government of

Sudan/Sudan People’s Liberation Move-ment/Army) (Final Award) 348

International Court of Justice

2007Territorial and Maritime Dispute between

Nicaragua and Honduras in theCaribbean Sea (Nicaragua v. Honduras)(Judgment) 1

2009Maritime Delimitation in the Black Sea

(Romania v. Ukraine) (Judgment) 179

xv






DIGEST OF CASESList of Main Headings

(Those headings for which there are entries in the present volume are printed in italics.For a guide to the Digest, see the Editorial Note at p. xi.)

Air

Aliens

Arbitration

Canals

Claims

Comity

Conciliation

Consular Relations

Damages

Diplomatic Relations

Economics, Trade and Finance

Environment

Expropriation

Extradition

Governments

Human Rights


International Criminal Law

International Organizations

International Tribunals

Jurisdiction

Lakes and Landlocked Seas

Nationality

Recognition

Relationship of International Law andMunicipal Law

Reprisals and Countermeasures

Rivers

Sea

Sources of International Law

Space

State Immunity

State Responsibility

State Succession

States

Territory

Terrorism

Treaties

War and Armed Conflict

xvii






DIGEST OF CASESREPORTED IN VOLUME 144

PageArbitration

Evidence — Value of different types of evidence — Cartographicevidence — Requirement that findings be based on evidence andproperly reasoned — Arbitration Tribunal

Abyei Arbitration (Government of Sudan/Sudan People’s Libera-tion Movement/Army) (Final Award) 348

Jurisdiction — Dispute between the Netherlands and France —Dispute concerning financing of operations contemplated by 1991Additional Protocol to Convention on the Protection of the Rhineagainst Pollution by Chlorides, 1976 — Auditing of accounts —Dispute relating to calculation of amount France to repay theNetherlands — The Netherlands proposing calculation based on61.5 French francs per ton of chlorides stored — France proposingcalculation based on actual costs per unit — Annex III to Pro-tocol concerning financial arrangements — Point 4.2.1 of AnnexIII to Protocol — Method of calculation — Submission of dis-pute to Arbitration Tribunal pursuant to Article 13 of Conven-tion and Article 7 of Protocol — Article 13 of Convention —Annex B to Convention concerning arbitration — ArbitrationTribunal

Case Concerning the Auditing of Accounts between the Kingdomof the Netherlands and the French Republic Pursuant to the Addi-tional Protocol of 25 September 1991 to the Convention on theProtection of the Rhine Against Pollution by Chlorides of 3 Decem-ber 1976 (Netherlands/France) (Award) 259

Jurisdiction — Extent of mandate — Power to interpret man-date — Competence de la competence — Finality and review ofarbitral awards — Panel of experts — Arbitration tribunal withpower to review decision of experts — Standard of review — Testof whether experts exceeded mandate — Whether interpretationof mandate reasonable — Whether implementation of mandatereasonable — Failure to state reasons — Whether amounting toexcess — Procedural irregularities — Whether power to annuldecision in part implicit in mandate of arbitration tribunal —Arbitration Agreement between the Government of Sudan and

xix






xx DIGEST OF CASES

Arbitration (cont.)

the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army — ArbitrationTribunal



Admissibility — New claim introduced during proceedings —Whether new claim inherent in original claim — InternationalCourt of Justice

Territorial and Maritime Dispute between Nicaragua andHonduras in the Caribbean Sea (Nicaragua v. Honduras)(Judgment) 1

International maritime boundary delimitation between Nicaraguaand Honduras — Dispute regarding boundary line dividing ter-ritorial sea, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf in theCaribbean Sea — Effect of islands — Sovereignty over islands —International Court of Justice


Jurisdiction — Compromissory clause contained in bilateraltreaty — Whether conditions for exercise of jurisdiction satis-fied — Exercise of jurisdiction — Whether jurisdiction restrictedto delimitation of the exclusive economic zone and continentalshelf — International Court of Justice

Maritime Delimitation in the Black Sea (Romania v. Ukraine)(Judgment) 179

Rivers

Rhine — Environmental standards — Convention on the Protec-tion of the Rhine against Pollution by Chlorides, 1976 — Distri-bution of costs between France and the Netherlands — Auditingof accounts — Arbitration Tribunal







DIGEST OF CASES xxi

Sea

Delimitation of maritime boundaries — Geographical context —Semi-enclosed sea — Territorial sea — Exclusive economic zone —Continental shelf — Governing law — United Nations Conven-tion on the Law of the Sea, 1982 (“UNCLOS”) — UNCLOS Arti-cles 15, 74 and 83 — Establishment of single maritime boundarydelimiting several coincident zones — Methods of delimitation —Whether equidistance/relevant circumstances approach suitable inlight of circumstances — Relevant coasts — Identification of base-lines — Bisector method of delimitation — Relevant geographicalcircumstances — Principle of uti possidetis juris — Whether appli-cable to delimitation of maritime space — International Court ofJustice


Exclusive economic zone — Continental shelf — Delimitationof maritime boundaries between opposite and adjacent coastalStates — Geographical context — Enclosed sea — Governinglaw — UNCLOS Articles 74(1) and 83(1) and (4) — Practicalapproach to delimitation to achieve equitable solution — Appli-cation of equidistance/relevant circumstances approach — Three-stage approach — Relevant coasts — Baselines — Provisionalequidistance line — Whether requiring adjustment — Relevantgeographical circumstances — International Court of Justice


Territory

Boundaries — Internal administrative boundary — Relevanceof international law principles respecting boundaries betweenStates — Territory inhabited by tribal and nomadic peoples —Transfer of the area of certain chiefdoms from one province toanother in 1905 — Extent of territory so transferred — Whetherto be approached on tribal or territorial basis — Grazing rights ofnomads — Sudan — Abyei area — Arbitration Tribunal


Islands — Sovereignty over minor maritime features — Whethersovereignty established by post-colonial effectivites — Application






xxii DIGEST OF CASES

Territory (cont.)

of criteria formulated by Permanent Court of International Justicein Legal Status of Eastern Greenland case — Whether activitiesrelied upon established overall pattern of conduct sufficient todemonstrate intention to act as sovereign — International Courtof Justice


Treaties

Interpretation — Application — 1991 Additional Protocol toConvention on the Protection of the Rhine against Pollution byChlorides, 1976 — Annex III to Protocol on financial arrange-ments — Auditing of accounts — Interpretation of point 4.2.1of Annex III to Protocol — Interpretation of treaties in accor-dance with international law — Vienna Convention on the Law ofTreaties, 1969 — Whether Articles 31 and 32 of Vienna Conven-tion applicable — Whether codifying customary law — Whethergeneral rule of interpretation in Article 31 forming integralwhole — Basis for treaty interpretation — Relative impor-tance of constituent elements of rule — Role of good faith —Relationship between Articles 31 and 32 — Subsequent prac-tice of the Parties — Context of point 4.2.1 — Article 4 ofProtocol — 1991 Declaration of the Heads of the Delegation —Object and purpose of Protocol — Relevant rules of internationallaw — Supplementary means of interpretation — Point 4.2.1 ofAnnex III to Protocol providing for final auditing of accounts —Method of calculation — Reimbursement sum France obliged topay the Netherlands — Arbitration Tribunal


Interpretation — Bilateral treaties — Proces-Verbaux concludedbetween Romania and Soviet Union — Treaty between Partiesconcluded in 2003 — Whether concerning the delimitation of theexclusive economic zone and continental shelf — InternationalCourt of Justice







DIGEST OF CASES xxiii

Interpretation — Multilateral treaty — United Nations Conven-tion on the Law of the Sea, 1982 (“UNCLOS”) — UNCLOSArticles 15, 74 and 83 — International Court of Justice


Interpretation — Multilateral treaty — United Nations Conven-tion on the Law of the Sea, 1982 (“UNCLOS”) — UNCLOSArticles 74 and 83 — Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties,1969 — Article 31 of Vienna Convention — General rule of inter-pretation — Reservations and declarations — UNCLOS Article310 — Declaration by Romania regarding effect of uninhabitedislands devoid of economic life upon delimitation of maritimespaces — International Court of Justice


Interpretation — Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties,1969 — Application of principles of treaty interpretation ininternational law to agreements between Government of Sudanand Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army — ArbitrationTribunal







TABLE OF TREATIES

This table contains a list, in chronological order according to the date ofsignature, of the treaties referred to in the decisions printed in the presentvolume. It has not been possible to draw a helpful distinction between treatiesjudicially considered and treaties which are merely cited.

In the case of bilateral treaties, the names of the parties are given in alpha-betical order. Multilateral treaties are referred to by the name by which theyare believed commonly to be known. References to the texts of treaties havebeen supplied, including wherever possible at least one reference to a text inthe English language. The full titles of the abbreviated references will be foundin the list of Abbreviations and Sources printed in the volume containing theConsolidated Table of Treaties to Volumes 1-125.

1850July 25 Nicaragua–Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Art. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Art. II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

1866Mar. 15 Honduras–Spain (144 ILR 21 (extracts))

Art. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, 54

1888Feb. 2/9 France–Great Britain, Agreement respecting the Gulf of

Tajourra and the Somali Coast (19 Hertslet 204 at 204-5;Hertslet, Map of Africa by Treaty, vol. 3, App. 3, p. 976)

Art. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619

1893July 12 France–Great Britain, Arrangement fixing the Boundary

between the British and French Possessions on the Gold Coast(19 Hertslet 228 at 229-30; 179 CTS 67)

Art. 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619

1894Oct. 7 Honduras–Nicaragua, Gamez–Bonilla Treaty (Compromis)

(ICJ Rep. (1960) Case concerning Arbitral Award made bythe King of Spain on 23 December 1906, 199; 30 ILR 457;Tradados celebrados por el Gobierno de Honduras (1895) 25;La Fontaine 478) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 23-4, 53, 76, 142-3, 152-3

Art. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133Art. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 55-6, 133Art. 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

xxv






xxvi TABLE OF TREATIES

1899July 29 Hague Convention I for the Pacific Settlement of International

Disputes (187 CTS 410; 26 Martens NRG, 2nd ser. 920; 91BFSP 970; 2 US Treaties 2016; 21 RTAF 703; 23 Hertslet509; USTS 392; 32 Stat 1779; JOF 1 December 1900, 306;1 AJIL (1907) Supp. 107)

Art. 48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536

1904/1906Mar. 18(1904) –July 19(1906)

France–Great Britain, Exchange of Notes relative to theboundary between the Gold Coast and French Soudan (25Hertslet 267 at 271; Brownlie African Boundaries (1979))

Art. 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619

1907Oct. 18 Hague Convention No I for the Pacific Settlement of Disputes

(3 Martens NRG, 3rd ser. 360; 100 BFSP 298; 2 US Treaties2220; UKTS 6 (1971), Cmnd 4575; 205 CTS 233; USTS536; 54 LNTS 54; 25 Hertslet 590; 2 AJIL (1908) Supp. 43;JOF 8 December 1910)

Art. 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528Art. 35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531, 685Art. 73 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536

1919Sept. 8 France–Great Britain, Convention supplementary to the Con-

vention of 21 March 1899 defining the limits of the Frenchzone in Africa (225 CTS 480; 30 Hertslet 213) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619

1928Mar. 24 Colombia–Nicaragua, Treaty Concerning Territorial Ques-

tions at Issue (Barcenas Meneses–Esguerra Treaty) (105 LNTS337) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81, 174-5

1945June 26 Statute of the International Court of Justice (9 Hudson 510;

UKTS 67 (1946), Cmd 7015; USTS 993; 145 BFSP 832; 1Peaslee 1322; 3 Bevans 1179; 1945 CanTS 7; 39 AJIL (1945)Supp. 215n; JOF 13 January 1946; 59 Stat 1031)

Chapter IIArt. 36(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193Art. 38. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166Art. 38(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199-200






TABLE OF TREATIES xxvii

1947Feb. 10 Treaty of Peace with Romania (42 UNTS 3; UKTS 55 (1948),

Cmd 7486; TIAS 1649; 42 AJIL (1948) Supp. 252; 148 BFSP363) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205, 211

1948Apr. 30 American Treaty on Pacific Settlement (Pact of Bogota) (30

UNTS 55; PAUTS 16; PAULTS 24; 152 BFSP 73)Art. 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1949Nov. 25 Romania–USSR, Border Treaty . . . . . . . . . . . 202, 207, 209, 211-12

1958Apr. 29 Geneva Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous

Zone (516 UNTS 205; 52 AJIL (1958) 834; 15 UST 1606;TIAS 5639; 53 ILS 194; ATS 12 (1963); UKTS 3 (1965),Cmnd 2511)

Art. 12(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89-90, 93-4, 116, 118-19

June 10 Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of ForeignArbitral Awards (New York) (330 UNTS 38; 21 UST 2517;TIAS 6997; UKTS 26 (1967), Cmnd 3655) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

Art. 5(1)(c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512, 519, 533, 540

1961Feb. 27 Romania–USSR, Border Treaty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202, 207

Apr. 21 European Convention on International Commercial Arbitra-tion (Geneva) (484 UNTS 349; JOF 9 February 1968; 1968RTAF 11; 50 RGDIP 430)

Art. 9(1)(c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512

1962Dec. 12 Charter of the Organization of Central American States

(ODECA) (552 UNTS 15; 2 ILM 235; 58 AJIL 134)Tegucigalpa Protocol (Central America Integration System

(SICA)) (13 December 1991) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

1965Mar. 18 Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes

between States and Nationals of Other States (ICSID) (575UNTS 159; UKTS 25 (1967), Cmnd 3255; 17 UST 1270;TIAS 6090; 1966 UNJYB 196; 60 AJIL (1966) 892; 4 ILM532 (1965)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519






xxviii TABLE OF TREATIES

Art. 41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536Art. 52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511, 540, 544-6, 601, 689

1966Jan. 20 European Convention providing a Uniform Law on Arbitra-

tion (ETS 56)Art. 26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512

Dec. 16 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (999UNTS 171; UKTS 6 (1977), Cmnd 6702; JOF 30 June 1981;50 Vert A 683; 6 ILM 368 (1967); 1966 UNJYB 178; 1966YBHR 442; 30 ZaoRV 365; Brownlie, Basic Documents inInternational Affairs, 3rd edn 270; Blackstone’s InternationalLaw Documents, 8th edn 108)

Art. 2(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

1969May 23 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1155 UNTS 331;

UKTS 58 (1980), Cmnd 7964; 1969 UNJYB 140; 63 AJIL(1969) 875; 8 ILM 679 (1969); 9 IndJIL 288; 29 ZaoRV 711;Blackstone’s International Law Documents, 8th edn 128)

Art. 31. . .275, 276, 278, 279, 287, 290-300, 313, 333, 558-60Art. 31(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297, 303, 561-6Art. 31(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293-4, 308Art. 31(2)(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278Art. 31(2)(b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309Art. 31(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308Art. 31(3)(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278-9Art. 31(3)(b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278-9, 310-11, 584-5Art. 31(3)(c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312, 584-5Art. 31(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295Art. 32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275, 279, 290-300, 313Art. 33(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277, 284, 300Art. 33(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284, 300, 304Art. 44(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511-12Art. 62(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345Art. 62(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345Art. 62(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

1975Jan. 30 Inter-American Convention on International Commercial

Arbitration (Panama Convention) (1438 UNTS 248; OASTreaty Series 42; 14 ILM 336 (1975))

Art. 5(1)(c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512






TABLE OF TREATIES xxix

1976Dec. 3 Convention on the Protection of the Rhine against Pollution

by Chlorides (994 UNTS 3)Art. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267Art. 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Dec. 3 Convention on the Protection of the Rhine against Pollutionby Chlorides (994 UNTS 3), Additional Protocol to the Con-vention (25 September 1991) (1840 UNTS 37) . . . . . . . . . 266-347

Art. 1(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279Art. 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282, 283-5, 288, 301, 308-9, 334, 343Art. 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268Annex III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274

point 1.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276, 279, 301, 344point 1.2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276, 308point 1.2.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301point 1.2.6 . . 275-8, 279, 284-5, 288-9, 301-11, 333-4, 336,

342-4point 2.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 n. 5, 283-4, 301-2, 337point 2.1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301point 3.2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301, 338point 3.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279, 311point 3.2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277-9, 284-5, 301-7, 334-9point 4.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277point 4.2.1 . . . . . . 275-9, 281, 283-6, 288-9, 301-13, 332-43

1978June 23 Turkey–USSR, Continental Shelf Delimitation Treaty (1247

UNTS 141; 109 Limits in the Seas (Appendix 2)) . . . . . . . . . . 243-4

Dec. 18 Australia–Papua New Guinea, Agreement concerningSovereignty and Maritime Boundaries in the Area betweenthe Two Countries including the Area known as TorresStrait, and Related Matters (18 ILM 291 (1979); 8 Churchill215) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619

1981June 26 African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (Banjul Char-

ter) (479 UNTS 39; 21 ILM 58 (1982); Blackstone’s Interna-tional Law Documents, 8th edn 191)

Art. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653Art. 12(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615Art. 21(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615






xxx TABLE OF TREATIES

1982Feb. 25 Indonesia–Malaysia, Treaty relating to the Legal Regime of

Archipelagic States and the Rights of Malaysia in the TerritorialSea and the Archipelagic Waters as well as in the Air Spaceabove the Territorial Sea, Archipelagic Waters and the Territoryof Indonesia Lying between East and West Malaysia . . . . . . . . . . 619

Dec. 10 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (21 ILM 1261 (1982);Misc 11 (1983), 8941; 1833 UNTS 3 (1994); Brownlie, BasicDocuments in International Affairs, 3rd edn 129)

Part II, Section 1Art. 2(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

Part II, Section 2Art. 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88, 127, 172-3, 177-8Art. 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231-2Art. 7(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116, 165, 176Art. 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230Art. 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165, 176, 231-2Art. 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231-2Art. 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229-31Art. 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231-2Art. 15 . 41-2, 89-90, 91-4, 114-18, 127, 150, 163, 166, 169,

172-3, 176-7Art. 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

Part VArt. 57 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229-30, 231Art. 74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197Art. 74(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90, 98, 166, 176, 201, 226-7, 236Art. 74(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198, 200, 210

Part VIArt. 76 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109, 229-30Art. 76(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231Art. 83 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197Art. 83(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90, 98, 166, 176, 201, 226-7, 236Art. 83(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198, 200, 210

Part VIIIArt. 121(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-3, 172-3Art. 121(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245-6, 247Art. 121(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199, 227, 244, 247

Part XVIIArt. 311(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

1986Aug. 2 Colombia–Honduras, Maritime Delimitation Treaty (2093

UNTS 295) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 31-2, 74-5, 81-2, 85, 174-5


