International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology

ISSN : 2249 - 8958Website: www.ijeat.org

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Volume-7 Issue-6, AUGUST 2018Volume-7 Issue-6, AUGUST 2018

Published by: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd.

Published by: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd.

Editor-In-Chief Chair Dr. Shiv Kumar

Ph.D. (CSE), M.Tech. (IT, Honors), B.Tech. (IT), Senior Member of IEEE

Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology Excellence (LNCTE), Bhopal

(M.P.), India

Associated Editor-In-Chief Chair Dr. Dinesh Varshney

Professor, School of Physics, Devi Ahilya University, Indore (M.P.), India

Associated Editor-In-Chief Members Dr. Hai Shanker Hota

Ph.D. (CSE), MCA, MSc (Mathematics)

Professor & Head, Department of CS, Bilaspur University, Bilaspur (C.G.), India

Dr. Gamal Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohamed Said

Ph.D(CSE), MS(CSE), BSc(EE)

Department of Computer and Information Technology , Port Training Institute, Arab Academy for Science ,Technology and Maritime

Transport, Egypt

Dr. Mayank Singh

PDF (Purs), Ph.D(CSE), ME(Software Engineering), BE(CSE), SMACM, MIEEE, LMCSI, SMIACSIT

Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Howard College, University of KwaZulu-

Natal, Durban, South Africa.

Scientific Editors Prof. (Dr.) Hamid Saremi

Vice Chancellor of Islamic Azad University of Iran, Quchan Branch, Quchan-Iran

Dr. Moinuddin Sarker

Vice President of Research & Development, Head of Science Team, Natural State Research, Inc., 37 Brown House Road (2nd Floor)

Stamford, USA.

Dr. Shanmugha Priya. Pon

Principal, Department of Commerce and Management, St. Joseph College of Management and Finance, Makambako, Tanzania, East

Africa, Tanzania

Dr. Veronica Mc Gowan

Associate Professor, Department of Computer and Business Information Systems,Delaware Valley College, Doylestown, PA, Allman,

China.

Dr. Fadiya Samson Oluwaseun

Assistant Professor, Girne American University, as a Lecturer & International Admission Officer (African Region) Girne, Northern

Cyprus, Turkey.

Dr. Robert Brian Smith

International Development Assistance Consultant, Department of AEC Consultants Pty Ltd, AEC Consultants Pty Ltd, Macquarie

Centre, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia

Dr. Durgesh Mishra

Professor & Dean (R&D), Acropolis Institute of Technology, Indore (M.P.), India

Executive Editor Chair Dr. Deepak Garg

Professor & Head, Department Of Computer Science And Engineering, Bennett University, Times Group, Greater Noida (UP), India

Executive Editor Members Dr. Vahid Nourani

Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Iran.

Dr. Saber Mohamed Abd-Allah

Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai, China.

Dr. Xiaoguang Yue

Associate Professor, Department of Computer and Information, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming (Yunnan), China.

Dr. Labib Francis Gergis Rofaiel

Associate Professor, Department of Digital Communications and Electronics, Misr Academy for Engineering and Technology,

Mansoura, Egypt.

Dr. Hugo A.F.A. Santos

ICES, Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas, Austin, USA.

Dr. Sunandan Bhunia

Associate Professor & Head, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia

(Bengal), India.

Dr. Awatif Mohammed Ali Elsiddieg

Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Humatarian Studies, Elnielain University, Khartoum Sudan,

Saudi Arabia.

Technical Program Committee Chair Dr. Mohd. Nazri Ismail

Associate Professor, Department of System and Networking, University of Kuala (UniKL), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Technical Program Committee Members Dr. Haw Su Cheng

Faculty of Information Technology, Multimedia University (MMU), Jalan Multimedia (Cyberjaya), Malaysia.

Dr. Hasan. A. M Al Dabbas

Chairperson, Vice Dean Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan.

Dr. Gabil Adilov

Professor, Department of Mathematics, Akdeniz University, Konyaaltı/Antalya, Turkey.

Dr. Ch.V. Raghavendran

Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Ideal College of Arts and Sciences Kakinada (Andhra Pradesh), India.

Dr. Thanhtrung Dang

Associate Professor & Vice-Dean, Department of Vehicle and Energy Engineeering, HCMC University of Technology and Education,

Hochiminh, Vietnam.

Dr. Wilson Udo Udofia

Associate Professor, Department of Technical Education, State College of Education, Afaha Nsit, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria.

Convener Chair Mr. Jitendra Kumar Sen

Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd., Bhopal(M.P.), India

Editorial Chair Dr. Sameh Ghanem Salem Zaghloul

Department of Radar, Military Technical College, Cairo Governorate, Egypt.

Editorial Members Dr. J. Gladson Maria Britto

Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Malla Reddy College of Engineering, Secunderabad (Telangana), India.

Dr. Sunil Tekale

Professor, Dean Academics, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Malla Reddy College of Engineering, Secunderabad

(Telangana), India.

Dr. K. Priya

Professor & Head, Department of Commerce, Vivekanandha College of Arts & Sciences for Women (Autonomous, Elayampalayam,

Namakkal (Tamil Nadu), India.

Dr. Pushpender Sarao

Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Hyderabad Institute of Technology and Management, Hyderabad

(Telangana), India.

Dr. Nitasha Soni

Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad

(Haryana), India.

S.

No

Volume-7 Issue-6, August 2018, ISSN: 2249-8958 (Online)

Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd.

Page

No.

1.

Authors: Y. V. Krishna Reddy, M. Damodar Reddy

Paper Title: Flower Pollination Algorithm for Solving Economic Dispatch Problems with Prohibited Operating

Zones and Multiple Fuel Options

Abstract: A nature inspired optimization algorithm based on the transfer of pollen in universe called the Flower

Pollination Algorithm, is implemented for solving economic dispatch (ED) problems with considering prohibited

operating zones (POZs), and multiple fuel options including valve-point loading. The proposed method mainly depends

on biotic pollination for transfer of pollens by using pollinators such as birds and insects, in order to find the survival of

the fittest and the optimal reproduction of flowering plants. This algorithm has been exercised on three test systems (6,

15 and 10 units) with POZS and multiple fuel options for solving ED problems. The numerical results are compared

with results of some new methods to verify the quality of FPA for solving ED problems. The result analyses prove the

effectiveness of the FPA algorithm and show that it could be outlasts technique for solving ED problems in terms of

total cost and computational time.

Keywords: Economic Dispatch, Flower Pollination Algorithm, Prohibited Operating Zones, Multiple Fuels, Valve-

Point Loading.

References: 1. J. P. Zhan, Q. H. Wu,” Fast -Iteration Method for Economic Dispatch With Prohibited Operating Zones” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER

SYSTEMS, VOL. 29, NO. 2, MARCH 2014.

2. Ji-Yuan Fan, Lan Zhang, “Real-Time Economic Dispatch with Line Flow and Emission Constraints Using Quadratic Programming” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 13, No. 2, May 1998.

3. Ahmed Farag, “Economic Load Dispatch Multiobjective optimization procedures using linear programming technique”, IEEE Transactions on

Power Systems, Vol. 10, No. 2, May 1995. 4. Zi-Xiong Liang, J. Duncan Glover, “A Zoom Feature For A Dynamic Programming solution to economic dispatch including transmission

losses”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS on Powcr Systems, Vol. 7, No. 2, May 1902.

5. Zwe-Lee Gaing, “Particle Swarm Optimization to Solving the Economic Dispatch Considering the Generator Constraints” IEEE transactions on power systems, vol. 18, no. 3, august 2003.

6. S.-K. Wang, J.-P. Chiou “Non-smooth/non-convex economic dispatch by a novel hybrid differential evolution algorithm” IET Gener. Transm.

Distrib, 2007, 1, (5), pp. 793–803.

7. Po-Hung Chen, Hong-Chan Chang “large-scale economic dispatch by genetic algorithm” IEEE Transactions on Power System. Vol. 10. No. 4.

November 1995.

8. Aniruddha Bhattacharya, , Pranab Kumar Chattopadhyay, “Biogeography-Based Optimization for Different Economic Load Dispatch Problems” ieee transactions on power systems, vol. 25, no. 2, may 2010.

9. Saravuth Pothiya , Issarachai Ngamroo, “Application of multiple tabu search algorithm to solve dynamic economic dispatch considering

generator constraints” Energy Conversion and Management 49 (2008) 506–516. 10. B.K. Panigrahi , Salik R. Yadav, “A clonal algorithm to solve economic load dispatch”, Electric Power Systems Research 77 (2007) 1381–1389.

11. Lazaros G. Papageorgiou, Eric S. Fraga, “A mixed integer quadratic programming formulation for the economic dispatch of generators with

prohibited operating zones” Electric Power Systems Research 77 (2007) 1292–1296. 12. Aniruddha Bhattacharya, Pranab Kumar Chattopadhyay “Hybrid Differential Evolution With BiogeographyBased Optimization for Solution of

EconomicLoad Dispatch” ieee transactions on power systems, vol. 25, no. 4, november 2010.

13. Naser Ghorbani, Ebrahim Babaei “Exchange market algorithm for economic load dispatch”, Electrical Power and Energy Systems 75 (2016) 19–27.

14. Mostafa Modiri-Delshad, S. Hr. Aghay Kaboli ,” Backtracking search algorithm for solving economic dispatch problems with valve-point

effects and multiple fuel options” Energy 116 (2016) 637e649. 15. Anbo Meng*, Jinbei Li, Hao Yin, “An efficient crisscross optimization solution to large-scale non-convex economic load dispatch with multiple

fuel types and valve-point effects” Energy 113 (2016) 1147e1161.

16. C. E. Lin, ” Hierarchical Economic Dispatch for Piecewise Quadratic Cost Functions”, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-103, No. 6, June 1984.

17. J.H.Park, Y.S.Kim “economic load dispatch for piecewise quadratic cost function using hopfield neural network”, IEEE Transactions on Power

Systems, Vol. 8, No. 3, August 1993. 18. Kwang Y. Lee, Arthit Sode-Yome, “Adaptive Hopfield Neural Networks for Economic Load Dispatch”, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,

Vol. 13, No. 2, May 1998.

19. Jong-Bae Park, IEEE, “A Particle Swarm Optimization for Economic Dispatch With Nonsmooth Cost Functions” ieee transactions on power systems, vol. 20, no. 1, february 2005.

20. Chao-Lung Chiang, “Improved Genetic Algorithm for Power Economic Dispatch of Units With Valve-Point Effects and Multiple Fuels”, ieee

transactions on power systems, vol. 20, no. 4, nov 2005. 21. C. Thitithamrongchai, B. Eua-Arporn, “Economic Load Dispatch for Piecewise quadratic cost functions using hybrid seif-adaptive differential

evolution with augmented lagrangian multiplier method”, 2006 International Conference on Power System Technology.

22. A.K. Barisal , R.C. Prusty, “Large scale economic dispatch of power systems using oppositional invasive weed optimization”, Applied Soft Computing (2015).

23. Taher Niknam , Hasan Doagou Mojarrad, “Non-smooth economic dispatch computation by fuzzy and self adaptive particle swarm optimization”, Applied Soft Computing 11 (2011) 2805–2817.

24. Moumita Pradhan, Provas Kumar Roy “Grey wolf optimization applied to economic load dispatch problems”, Electrical Power and Energy

Systems 83 (2016) 325–334.

25. Dinu Calin Secui, “A modified Symbiotic Organisms Search algorithm for large scale economic dispatch problem with valve-point effects”,

Energy 113 (2016) 366e384.

26. Xin-She Yang, “Flower Pollination Algorithm for Global Optimization”. Soft computing tech. 2014.

1-7

2.

Authors: Suman Rani, Mukesh Rana

Paper Title: Design of Software Testing Model Based on UML Class and Activity Diagram

Abstract: Quality software can be developed when it is properly tested. Due to increase in the size and complexity of

object-oriented software, manual testing has become time, resource and cost consuming. Properly designed test cases

discover more errors and bugs present in the software. The test cases can be generated much early in the software

development process, during the design phase. The unified modeling language (UML) is the most widely used language

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to describe the analysis and designs of object-oriented software. Test cases can be derived from UML models more

efficiently. In our work, we propose a novel approach for automatic test case generation from the combination of UML

class diagrams. In our approach, we first draw the UML class diagrams using any online drawing tool like smart draw

or yuml.com. Then, we generate XML information of these models. The XML file is processed to extract variables

from the class and predicates from class diagram using Java code. The predicates are then used to generate the test

cases. Our approach achieves 100% branch coverage and suitable for mutation testing and unit testing.

Keywords: Quality Software, (UML), XML file, Manual Testing Has Become Time,

References: 1. S. K. Swain, S. K. Pani, and D. P. Mohapatra, "Model based object-oriented software testing.," Journal of Theoretical & Applied Information

Technology, vol. 14, 2010. 2. M. Aggarwal and S. Sabharwal, "Test case generation from uml state machine diagram: A survey," in Computer and Communication

Technology (ICCCT), 2012 Third International Conference on, pp. 133{140, IEEE, 2012.

3. R. K. Swain, V. Panthi, D. P. Mohapatra, and P. K. Behera, "Prioritizing test scenarios from uml communication and activity diagrams," Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering, pp. 1{16, 2013.

4. Y. Le Traon, T. Jeron, J.-M. Jezequel, and P. Morel, "Efficient object-oriented integration and regression testing," Reliability, IEEE

Transactions on, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 12{25, 2000. 5. V. Le Hanh, K. Akif, Y. Le Traon, and J.-M. Jezeque, "Selecting an efficient oo integration testing strategy: an experimental comparison of

actual strategies," in ECOOP Object-Oriented Programming, pp. 381{401, Springer, 2001.

6. Jeevarathinam, Antony Selvadoss Thanamani. 2010. Towards Test Case Generation from Software Specification. Internation-al Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 2(11), pp. 6578-6584.

7. Navnath Shete; Avinash Jadhav, “An empirical study of test cases in software testing” International Conference on Information Communication

and Embedded Systems (ICICES2014), Year: 2014, Pages: 1 – 5 8. Muhammad Nomani Kabir; Jahan Ali; AbdulRahman A. Alsewari; Kamal Z. Zamli, “An adaptive flower pollination algorithm for software test

suite minimization”, 2017 3rd International Conference on Electrical Information and Communication Technology (EICT)Year: 2017, Pages: 1 -

5 9. Jai Gaur; Akshita Goyal; Tanupriya Choudhury; Sai Sabitha, “A walk through of software testing techniques”, International Conference System

Modeling & Advancement in Research Trends (SMART), Year: 2016, Pages: 103 – 108

3.

Authors: D. Vinod, P. Kodanda Ramarao

Paper Title: Comparison of Response of The Structures Against Seismic Force

Abstract: The study of this paper is to assess the seismic vulnerability and response of regular and irregular shaped

multi-storey building of same floor area 825 square meters. The regular building of rectangle shape is considered and

irregular building of L shape structure is considered for the analysis. 11 storeyed regular (rectangular) shaped and

irregular (L-shape) shaped buildings have been modeled using computer program ETABS 2016. Firstly the both

rectangle and L shape buildings are analyzed with bare frame without any infill walls, later the rectangle and L shape

buildings are analyzed by providing external infill walls around the plan of 10m×15m respectively. The analysis is done

by Response spectrum method according to IS 1893(part 1): 2002. Comparative study on the maximum storey

displacement, maximum storey drift and time periods of L and rectangular shaped building due to dynamic response

spectrum has been explored. From the results it is inferred that building with severe irregularity produces more

deformation than regular building.

Keywords: Irregularities, Response Spectrum Method, Infill Walls, ETABS.

References: 1. Ramchandani, J.R. and Mangulkar, M.N. “Comparison between Different Shapes of Structure by Response Spectrum Method of Dynamic

Analysis”, Open Journal of Civil Engineering, 6, 131-138. (2016).W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems (Book style). Belmont, CA:

Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123–135. 2. Arvindreddy, R.J.Fernandes, “Seismic analysis of RC regular and irregular frame structures” International Research Journal of Engineering and

Technology (IRJET), Volume: 02 Issue: 05, 44-47 Aug-2015.

3. Ravikanth Chittiprolu, Ramancharla Pradeep Kumar, “Significance of Shear Wall in High rise Irregular Buildings” International Journal of Education and Applied Research (IJEAR), IJEAR Vol. 4, Issue Spl-2, 35-37. Jan - June 2014.

4. Dnyaneshkumar H. Lanjewar, Prof. Amey Khedikar “Seismic Analysis of Irregular Shape Building” An International E-Journal On Emerging

Trends In Science, Technology and Management ISSN NO: 2454-1958 Volume 2: Issue 2. 43-48 February 2017. 5. Arturo Tena-Colunga, M.ASCE; and Jesús Cano-Licona “Simplified Method for the Seismic Analysis of Masonry Shear-Wall Buildings”

journal of structural engineering, 136(5): 511-520 ASCE / May 2010.

6. Narayanan S P, Sirajuddin M “Properties of Brick Masonry for FE modeling”, American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) e-ISSN: 2320-0847 p-ISSN: 2320-0936 Volume-1 pp-06-11. 2013.

7. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, “IS 456:2000, Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice”, Fourth Revision, July (2000).

8. IS 1893 part I-2002 criteria For Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures.

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4.

Authors: K. Ramadoss, R. Elansezhian, S. Jayabal

Paper Title: Optimization of Controlling Factors on Tool Wear When Coolant Mixed with Additives on Turning of

Mg-Y Alloy

Abstract: The output parameters like surface roughness, the tool job interface temperature, metal removal rate, and

tool wear during turning operation are depending upon the input factors of the turning operation. In this paper a

magnesium alloy was subjected into turning operation on a medium speed lathe to observe the tool wear. The chance of

fire hazard and sticking of tool with magnesium alloy is reduced by introducing Minimum quantity lubrication

technique. The lubricoolents are mixed with nano sized additives of Silicon cabide, Coppr oxide and Titanium oxide.

Since input factors are in more numbers, the initial optimization of feed rate, quantity of supplied coolent, mixed nano

additive with optimized quantity, the optimized nano Copper Oxide was further mixed with surfactants such as Sodium

Dodecylsulfat (SDS). Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) and Zwitterionic at a concentration of 1g/lit and

2g/lit. A new magnesium alloy yitrium and calcium composition was subjected to turning operation with different

machining parameters and with different cutting tips for analysis of surface roughness, Temperature developed, Rate of

21-25

metal removal and tool wear. Optimization was carried out by using Taguchi method. The optimized values of Speed,

Feed rate, Type of nanoparticle with concentration, and Type of surfactant were obtained. The mixing of surfactant

contributed considerably in reduction of nano particle usage. The model based predicted value and Experimental values

are very close to each other.

Keywords: Surface Roughness, Metal Removal Rate, Magnesium Alloy, Nano Additives, Surfactants, Minimum

Quantity Lubrication. Tool Wear.

References: 1. Wu An-ru,Xia chang-qing ‘Study of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-rare earth alloys’ J of Material Dsign 28(2007)1963-

1967. 2. J.F King: Development of practical High temperature magnesium casting alloys, magnesium alloys and their applications. Edited By B.L

Mordike and KU kainu, WILLEY – VCH Weinheim Gerany P.14-22.2000.

3. HE Friedrich and B.L Mordike: Magnesium technology, springer-verlog Berlin Heidelberg Germany-2006. 4. B.L Mordike and T.Ebert: Magnesium applications-potential, journal of material science engineering A 302- P.37-45. 2001.

5. E.Gariboldi: Drilling a magnesium alloy using PVD coated twist drills, journal of material processing technology 134.P 287-295,2003.

6. F.Tikal M chmier and C vollmer: High speed drilling in A291D without lubricants: WILEY – VCH verlog Gmbtt, weinheim, Germany 2000. 7. N.Tomac K.Tonneson and T.Mikkac: Study of influence of aluminium content on mechinability of magnesium alloys, stronjanstic 50(6) 363-

367, 2008.

8. G.Hamko, C.Lochhichler, W.Riederer and G Macher: Techniques for recycling of magnesium proceedings of the 6th international conference

magnesium alloys and their applications Wiley-VCH Germany 2004.

9. Tharaighmani S, Rosli S, Hassam “ A study of minimum quantity of lubricants on inconel 718 steel” journal of archives of material science and

engineering, September-2009. 10. M. H.Ruzi , M.Norhamidi, S.Abu Bakar, R.J.Khairur, M.N.Nor Hafiez, A.Sufizar and I.I.Mohd Halim Murtadhahadi: A Review Of Workability

Of Wrought Magnesium Alloys, Advanced Manufacturing Research Group’09 Seminar 3, Advanced Manufacturing Research Group, 2009.

11. optimization of high speed turning parameters of super alloy ...... 718 material using Tagudhi technique: Dinesh Thakar , B.Ramamoorthy & L.Vijayaraghavan Indian Journal of engineering& material sciences vol.16 february 2009 PP 14-50

12. K Ramadoss, R Elanshezhian ’Synthesis and characterization of newly formulated Magnesium Alloy with rare earth metal and study of

microstructure and mechanical properties ’proceedings IEEE-ICRDPET2013vol1 p103. 13. K Ramadoss, R Elanshezhian ‘Performance Validation of Newly Developed Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) setup on Capstan Lathe’

proceedings IEEE-ICRDPET2013vol1 p107

14. Ali Riza Motorcu ‘The optimization of machining parameters using the Taguchi method for surface Roughness of AISI8660 Hardened alloy steel’.Strojniski vestnik-Journalof Mechanical Enginering 56(2010)6 391-401.

15. Sijo M.T and Biju.N’Taguchi method for Optimization of Cutting Parameters in Turning oprations’ AMAE Int.J. on Manufacturing and material

science.Vol01May2011p44. 16. Nasr, M. N. A., Ng, E.-G., and Elbestawi, M. A., 2007, “Modelling the Effects of Tool-Edge Radius on Residual Stresses When Orthogonal

Cutting AISI 316 L,” Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf., 47(2), pp. 401–411.

17. Ventura, C. H. H., K€ohler, J., and Denkena, B., 2015, “Influence of CuttingEdge Geometry on Tool Wear Performance in Interrupted Hard Turning,” J. Manuf. Processes, 19, pp. 129–134.

18. Bassett, E., K€ohler, J., and Denkena, B., 2012, “On the Honed Cutting Edge and Its Side Effects During Orthogonal Turning Operations of

AISI1045With Coated WC-Co Inserts,” CIRP J. Manuf. Sci. Technol., 5(2), pp. 10 8–126

5.

Authors: Surender Kumar

Paper Title: Experimentation on Solar Thermoelectric Module for Cooling and Heating

Abstract: Now a day’s energy conservation plays a major role in day to day life due to energy crisis. Thus a solution

has to be given to utilize the heat energy dissipated to environment for the useful heating applications and conserve

waste heat energy. The thermoelectric effect has been proven as a source of cooling and small power generation as

defined by the Peltier-Seebeck effect. A novel idea of this is to utilize both heating and cooling effects generated by

Thermo-Electric module so we have developed a system which will produce cooling effect without the use of

mechanical devices and also this system does not require working fluids or any moving parts. Solar panel was used to

power up thermoelectric modules (TE-12706 module) with the help of a battery in order to provide continuous power.

The waste heat regeneration unit consisting of two parallel copper plates and a water channel with staggered fins was

installed above the hot side of thermoelectric cooler (TEC) and a fan was installed in colder side for cooling purpose.

The heat dissipated from the thermoelectric cooler can be removed by the cooling water such that the performance of

the cooling module is elevated. The system was tested in different flow rates of water for effective utilization.

Keywords: Solar panel, TEC, Water channel, Green building.

References: 1. M. B. Dhawade, E. Mourya, A. Yadav, D. Samuel, S. A. Mohod, and V. N. Deshpande, “Review on portable solar thermoelectric refrigerator

cum air cooler”, International Journal of Advance Research in Science and Engineering, Vol. 4, 2015, pp. 44-58. 2. J. D. Francis, “Thermoelectric cooling and power generation”, Science, Vol. 2, 2005, pp. 703-706.

3. S. M. Nivas, V. D. Vardhan, and K. Ramya, “Photovoltaic driven dual purpose thermoelectric refrigerator for rural india”, International Journal

of Advancements in Research and Technology, Vol. 2, 2013, pp. 111-116. 4. A. A. W. Sabah, A. Elkamel, A. M. A. Damkhi, and M. U. Chutani, “Design and experimental investigation of portable solar thermoelectric

refrigerator”, Renewable Energy, 2009, pp. 30- 34.

5. M. K. Rawat, P. K. Sen, H. Chattopadhyay, and S. Neogi, “Development and experimental study of solar powered thermoelectric system”,

International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 3, 2013, pp. 2543-2547.

6. S. S. Khode, P. Kale, and C. Gandhile, “Review on application of thermoelectric peltier module in cooling and power generating technology”,

International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research, Vol. 3, 2015, pp. 71-74. 7. D. Astrain, and J. G. Vian, “Computational model for refrigerators based on peltier effect application”, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 25,

2005, pp. 149-162.

8. J. L. Christian, and J. R. Barbosa, “Thermodynamic comparison of peltier, stirling, and vapor compression portable coolers”, Applied Energy, Vol. 9, 2011, pp.51-5.

9. R. S. Bharj, and S. Kumar, “Experimental study of power reduction from cold storage by using VFD”, International Journal of Research in Management, Science & Technology, Vol. 4, 2016, pp. 1-5.

10. S. Kumar, and R. S. Bharj, “Design for Solar Hybrid Mobile Multipurpose Cold Storage system”, International Journal of Technical Research &

Science, Vol. 1, 2016, pp. 289-294.

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11. H. Mousazadeh, A. Keyhani, A. Javadi, H. Mobli, K. Abrinia, and A. Sharifi, “A review of principle and sun-tracking methods for maximizing solar systems output”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 13, 2009, pp. 13-18.

12. M. Toivola, L. Peltokorpi, J. Halme, and P. Lund, “Regenerative effects by temperature variations in dye-sensitized solar cells”, Solar Energy

Materials & Solar Cells, Vol. 91, 2007, pp. 17-33. 13. E. Radziemska , “The effect of temperature on the power drop in crystalline silicon solar cells”, Renewable Energy, Vol. 28, 2003, pp. 2-8.

14. R. S. Bharj, and S. Kumar, “Energy Efficient Hybrid Solar System for Cold Storage in Remote Areas”, International Journal of Engineering

Research & Technology, Vol. 4, 2015, pp. 315-318. 15. Y. Y. Hsiao, W. C. Chang, and S. L. Chen, “A mathematic model of thermoelectric module with applications on waste heat recovery from

automobile engine”, Energy, Vol. 35, 2010, pp. 14-17.

16. S. A. A. Wahab, A. Elkamel, A. M. A. Damkhi, I. A. A. Habsi, H. A. Rubaiey, and A. A. Battashi, “Solar thermoelectric refrigeration systems”, International J. Energy Technology and Policy, Vol. 7, 2009, pp. 127-136.

17. B. Shreekar, and M. Vedachary, “Implementation of solar fridge with fast chilling application with temperature monitoring using LPC2148”,

International Journal of Advanced Research and Innovation, Vol. 2, 2013. 18. M. Awasthi, and K. V. Mali, “Design and development of thermoelectric refrigerator”, International journal of mechanical engineering &

robotics research, Vol. 1, 2015, pp. 15-20.

19. A. kumar, and K. Venkatesswarlu, “Implementation of solar fridge with fast chilling applications”, International Journal Management and Research, Vol. 2, 2015, pp. 24-28.

20. C. H. Cheng, S. Y. Huang, and T. C. Cheng, “A three-dimensional theoretical model for predicting transient thermal behaviour of thermoelectric

coolers”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 53, 2010, pp. 01-07. 21. M. Kubo, M. Shinoda, T. Furuhata, and K. Kitagawa, “Optimization of the incision size and cold-end temperature of a thermoelectric device”,

Energy, Vol. 30, 2005, pp. 21-26.

22. D. R. Myers, “Solar radiation modeling and measurements for renewable energy applications: data and model quality”, Energy, Vol. 30, 2005,

pp. 15-17.

23. R.S. Bharj, S. Kumar, and R. Kumar, “Study on solar hybrid system for cold storage”, International Journal of Research in Management,

Science & Technology, Vol. 3, 2015, pp. 71-74. 24. Y. j. Dai, R. Z. Wang, and L. Ni, “Expr. Investigation on a thermo- electric refrigerator driven by solar cells”, Renew Energy, Vol. 28, 2003, pp.

49-55.

25. V. S. Umesh, P. K. Jhavar, and G. R. Seloskar, “Thermoelectric Refrigeration by Using Solar Energy for Domestic Appliance”, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol. 3, 2015, pp. 72-75.

6.

Authors: Aravind Raj D., Dinesh Kumar G.

Paper Title: Gesture of Robotic Arm using IOT Network

Abstract: This paper present the research activities and the results obtained to controlling the robotic hand using man

wearied robotic gloves. The practical setup is obtained with the help of robotic arm. This is paper updates the existing

system, in which short distance controlling can be done. The model developed will be of minimum cost and can be used

in variety of places and also in various applications. The interest in robotics has been steadily increasing in recent times

and research on robots for new and diverse fields is ongoing. This project discusses the current research and

development on robot actuator, which is used to control the joints of robots, and focuses on developing more efficient

technology for joint control, as compared with the current technologies. It also aims to find means to apply the

abovementioned technology to diverse industrial fields. We found that easy and effective control of actuators could be

achieved by using IOT network, which were widely being used on wireless communications. It is proved that the

developed wireless actuator could be used for easy control of various robot joints.

Keywords: IOT Network, The Practical Setup Is Obtained With The Help Of Robotic Arm.

References: 1. R. D. Howe and Y. Matsuoka, “Robotics for surgery,” Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, vol. 1, pp. 211–240, 1999. 2. R. H. Taylor and D. Stoianovici, “Medical robotics in computer-integrated surgery,” IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, vol. 19,

no. 5, pp. 765–781, 2003.

3. R. Lanfranco, A. E. Castellanos, J. P. Desai, and W. C. Meyers, “Robotic surgery: a current perspective,” Annals of Surgery, vol. 239, no. 1, pp. 14–21, 2004.

4. S. Badaan and D. Stoianovici, “Robotic systems: past, present, and future,” in Robotics in Genitourinary Surgery, pp. 655–665, Springer, New

York, NY, USA, 2011. 5. Johannes Bodner and John Fish “The da Vinci robotic system for general surgical applications: a critical interim appraisal”, Swiss Medical

Weekly 2005; 135:674–678.

6. Aruna D. Mane and Sirkazi Mohd. Arif, “An Advanced Robot – Robin Heart (A Surgeon without hand Tremor)”, International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-2, Issue-5, June 2013.

7. R. C. Luo, K.L. Su, .A multi agent multi sensor based real-time sensory control system for intelligent security robot. IEEE International

Conference on Robotics and Automation, vol. 2, 2003, pp.2394 .2399. 8. Robert Faludi, "Building Wireless Sensor Networks: with ZigBee, XBee, Arduino, and Processing

9. Intuitive Surgical, "Da Vinci Surgical System", http://www.intusurg.com/products/da_vinci.html [7/10/05]

10. C. Pasca, P. Payeur, E.M. Petriu, A-M. Cretu, "Intelligent Haptic Sensor System for Robotic Manipulation," Proc. MTC/2004, IEEE Instrum. Meas. Technol. Conf., pp. 279-284, Como, Italy, May 2004.

11. Bouzit, M.; Burdea, G.; Popescu, G.; Boian, R., "The Rutgers Master II-new design force-feedback glove", IEEE/ASME Transactions on

Mechatronics, Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2002 Page(s):256-263

30-33

7.

Authors: Dinesh Kumar G.

Paper Title: Design of 4×4 Microstrip Quasi-Yagi Beam-Steering Antenna Array Operation at 3.5GHz for Future

5G Vehicle Applications

Abstract: In this paper, a novel design of 4×4 microstrip Quasi- Yagi beam-steering antenna array operation at 3.5GHz

for future 5G vehicle applications is proposed. This array consists of sixteen element antennas with dimension of

374×374×1.15mm3, which exhibits good bandwidth (impedance bandwidth of single antenna element about 440MHz

for S11 less than -10dB at the center frequency of 3.5GHz) and high gain (for single antenna about 7dBi and for

antenna array about 5.8~8.76dBi). The beam-steering characteristics in the operation band can nearly achieve omni-

directional radiation.

Keywords: 5G; Quasi-Yagi Antenna Array; Beam-Steering; Omni-Directional Radiation.

34-37

References: 1. Huang J, Densmore A C. Microstrip Yagi array antenna for mobile satellite vehicle application[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas &

Propagation, 1991, 39(7):1024-1030.

2. Kretly L C, Ribeiro A S. A novel tilted dipole quasi-Yagi antenna designed for 3G and Bluetooth applications[C], Microwave and

Optoelectronics Conference, 2003. IMOC 2003. Proceedings of the 2003 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International. IEEE, 2003:303-306 vol.1.

3. https://www.fcc.gov/5G

4. Helander J, Zhao K, Ying Z, et al. Performance Analysis of Millimeter Wave Phased Array Antennas in Cellular Handsets[J]. IEEE Antennas &

Wireless Propagation Letters, 2015, 15:1-1. 5. Kan H K, Waterhouse R B, Abbosh A M, et al. Simple Broadband Planar CPW-Fed Quasi-Yagi Antenna[J]. Antennas & Wireless Propagation

Letters IEEE, 2007, 6(11):18-20.

6. Wong K L, Lu J Y, Chen L Y, et al. 8-antenna and 16-antenna arrays using the quad-antenna linear array as a building block for the 3.5-GHz LTE MIMO operation in the smartphone[J]. Microwave & Optical Technology Letters, 2016, 58(1):174–181.

7. Ban Y L, Li C, Sim C Y D, et al. 4G/5G Multiple Antennas for Future Multi-Mode Smartphone Applications[J]. IEEE Access, 2016, 4:1-1. 8. Wentao Zhang, Qiang Wang, XiaoYang He, et al. A broadband 16-element 2-D phased array based on quasi-Yagi antennas[C], Proceedings of

the 11th European Radar Conference, 2014 EuMA, 2014: 325-328.

9. Yibo Wang, Hao Wang, and Guangli Yang. Design of Dipole Beam-steering Antenna Array for 5G Handset Applications[C]//37th Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium, 2016. PIERS 2016 IEEE.

8.

Authors: Abhishek Kumar Singh, Sunil Kumar

Paper Title: Comparison between Compressive Strength of Rudraksha bead (Elaeocarpus Ganitrus Roxb.) in

Vertical and Horizontal Plane and Bead Properties

Abstract: Rudraksha (Elaeocarpus Ganitrus Roxb.) shows multi-elemental composition by virtue of which it is used to

make the medicines, cosmetics, spiritual gems etc. The use of Rudraksha is increasing with passage of time and its

cultivation is started in plains. Earlier studies were based on pharmaceutical and chemical properties. Its physical and

engineering properties were not studied which varies largely with climate, soil type and altitude. Present study is based

on useful physical and engineering properties of Rudraksha beads to extract useful information for design and

development of grading system for value addition, conveying and milling units for design and development of

processing units to satisfy global requirement of Rudraksha. The horizontal and vertical compressive strength of beads

were monitored by using compression testing machine. Results showed that the compressive strength is increasing with

small variations in geometrical parameters of bead. The range of compressive strength was found between 0.36 MPa to

0.80 MPa (N/mm2). After cracking us also found that in the various chamber (depend on the mukhi) inside the bead 0-3

seeds are available. To convert the Rudraksha bead into usable form it is required to be milled properly in the form of

fine powder. The texture, tri-axial dimension and beads of Rudraksha were studied. The tri-axial dimension of

Rudraksha green fruit is ranging from 17 mm to 33 mm. The arithmetic mean of density of Rudraksha beads of large,

medium and small size are 0.82 g/cc, 1.15 g/cc and 1.01 g/cc with standard deviation of 6.8 %, 8.5 % and 10.4 %

respectively. Present document is useful to design a machine to crack and make in powder form. So that compressive

strength of Rudraksha bead is useful for designing a machine like milling machine, grinding machine and crushing

machine to mill and crush the Rudraksha bead. These studies can change economic status of marginal and small farmers

in hilly region as well as in plains.

Keywords: Compressive strength, Rudraksha beads, Cortical thickness and weighing machine with load cell,

Rudraksha, Grading Green Fruit, Beads.

References: 1. Abhishek Kr. Singh, Durg Vijay Rai, The Variation In Physical Properties Affects The Vertical Compressive Strength Of The Rudraksha-Bead

(Elaeocarpus Ganitrus Roxb) International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 7, Issue 3, , pp.267–275, May–

June 2016. 2. A K Singh, R Kumar, D V Rai, Study on Engineering Properties of Rudraksha (Elaeocarpus Ganitrus Roxb.) for Design and Development of

Agricultural Processing Units International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 5, May-2016.

3. Swati Hardainiyan1, Bankim Chandra Nandy, Krishan Kumar, Elaeocarpus Ganitrus (Rudraksha): A Reservoir Plant with their Pharmacological

Effects, Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 34(1), Article No. 10, Pages: 55-64, 2015.

4. Brijendra kr. Maurya1, Saurabh kr. Bajpai, Abhishek kr. Singh, Comparison of Various Water Level Controllers’ Models for Boiler Drum

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Research Volume 3 Issue 1 (Page, 29-35), 2014. 5. Shikha Jain, Kirti Jatwa, Vikas Jain, Avnish Sharma, S.C. Mahajan, A Review on Elaeocarpus Sphaericus (Rudraksha), PharmaTutor; 2(7); 83-

91, 2014.

6. Emesu, P. and Mobuza, P. Determination of some engineering properties of Morama beans (Tylosema Esculentum). CIGR Journal 16(3):181:188, 2014.

7. Amit Dadhich*, Anirudha Rishi , Gargi Sharma And Subhash Chandra Phytochemicals Of Elaeocarpus With Their Therapeutic Value: A

Review, Int J Pharm Bio Sci; 4(3): (P) 591 – 598, 2013. 8. Heidarbeigi, K., H. Ahmadi, K. Kheiralpour, and A. Tabatabaeefar. Some physical and mechanical properties of khinjuk. Pakistan Journal of

Nutrition, 8(1): 74-77, 2009. 9. Altunas E., and H. Demirtola. “Effect of moisture content on physical properties of some grain legume seeds.” Official methods of analysis of

AOAC International. Gaithersburg: AOAC International, 7(4):288–290, 2007.

10. Degirmenciouglu, A., and A.K. Srivastava, “Development of screw conveyor performance models using dimensional analysis.” Transactions of the ASAE, 39(5): 1757-1763, 2003.

11. Bucklin, R.A., S.A. Thompson, I.J. Ross, and R.H. Biggs. Apparent dynamic coefficient of friction of corn on galvanized steel bin wall material.

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12. Hall, G. E. and L. D. Hill “Test weight adjustment based on moisture content and mechanical damage of corn kernels.” Transactions of the

ASAE 17(3):578–579, 1974.

13. Khodabakhshian, R., B. Emadi, and M.H.A. Fard. Frictional behavior of sunflower seed and its kernel as a function of moisture content, variety and size. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 4(3): 83-94, 2010.

14. Khoshtaghaza, M. H., and R. A. Chayjan. Effect of some physical properties on fluidisation stability of grain products. Biosystems Engineering,

98(2): 192-197, 2007. 15. Lewis M.J. (1987). Physical Properties of Foods and Food Processing Systems. Chichester, UK: Ellis Harwood. [An introduction to several

engineering properties, with examples applicable to food processing operations and equipment selection in food technology.]Miles, S. R. The

relation between moisture content and test weight of corn. Journal of the American Society of Agronomy 19:412–418,1987. 16. Mohsenin, N. Physical Properties of Plant and Animal Materials: Structure, Physical Characteristics, and Mechanical Properties. New York:

Gordon and Breach Science. [A sourcebook that describes most engineering properties and mechanical properties in detail.], 1986.

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38-44

concepts of optical and electric properties and their applications in processed foods.], 1984. 18. Nelson, S. O. Moisture-dependent kernel-and bulk-density relationships for wheat and corn. Transactions of the ASAE 23(1):139–143, 1980.

19. Nelson, S.O. and Datta, A.K. Dielectric Properties of Food Materials and Electric Interactions. In: Handbook of Microwave Technology for

Food Applications (ed. A. Datta and R.C. Anantheswaran), pp.69-114, 2001. 20. Zink, F. J. Specific gravity and air space of grains and seeds. Agricultural Engineering 16(11):439–440, (1935)

9.

Authors: Kennedy A. Iroanusi

Paper Title: Electromagnetic Waves Interaction with Cytoplasm and Membrane of the Outer Segment of the Rod

Photoreceptor Modelled and Analysed on HFSS

Abstract: Horn antennas are widely used in ultra-wideband (UWB) applications, medical imaging devices, and radars

and also in other wireless astronomical applications; the antennas are commonly used as a feeding antenna for satellite

parabolic reflectors (Daniyan et al. 2014). The use of horn antennas in wide variety of application are based on two

reasons; excellent radiation characteristics with good directivity, high gain, very low level voltage standing wave ratio

(VSWR), wide bandwidth and it is very easy to fabricate mechanically (Singh 2011). In this paper; we will consider the

design of a compact conical horn antenna designed for the visible light spectrum as an inner segment of a human

photoreceptor and the outer segment of the photoreceptor is designed as a cascaded unit cells rather as an interwoven

structure consisting of cytoplasm and membrane using HFSS. The unit antenna structure will be excited by plane wave

and simulated to study the properties and the overall contribution of the photoreceptor’s outer segment in hyperacuity of

human visual system without considering the outer segment of the rods or cones separately. In the future, the three

types of cones (Large, short and medium wavelength cones) and rods will be modelled, evaluated and the outcomes will

be published.

Keywords: Aperture Antenna, Conical Horn Antenna, Bioengineering, Hyper Acuity, Photoreceptors.

References: 1. Daniyan, O.L. et al., (2014). Horn Antenna Design : The Concepts and Considerations. , 4(5), pp.706–708.

2. Sigal, I.A., Flanagan, J.G. & Ethier, C.R., (2005). Factors Influencing Optic Nerve Head Biomechanics. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual

Science, 46(11), p.4189 [online] available from <http://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?doi=10.1167/iovs.05-0541> [13 August 2013]. 3. Drago, G.P. & Ridella, S., (1982) Evaluation of electrical fields inside a biological structure. The British journal of cancer. Supplement, 5,

pp.215–9 [online] available at: <http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2149332&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype> [23 August

2013] 4. Gimsa, J. et al., (1996). Dielectric spectroscopy of single human erythrocytes at physiological ionic strength: dispersion of the cytoplasm.

Biophysical Journal, 71(1), pp.495–506.

5. Hoffmann, J. et al., (2009). Comparison of electromagnetic field solvers for the 3D analysis of plasmonic nano antennas. Modeling Aspects in Optical Metrology, p.12. [online] available from < http://arxiv.org/abs/0907.3570> [28 August 2013].

6. Singh, K. & Siwach, A., (2013). Advancement in Designing of Wideband Horn Antenna. , 4(April), pp.719–722.

7. Karpen, J.W. et al., (1988). Gating kinetics of the cyclic-GMP-activated channel of retinal rods: flash photolysis and voltage-jump studies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 85(4), pp.1287–1291.

8. Sigal, I.A., Flanagan, J.G. & Ethier, C.R., (2005). Factors Influencing Optic Nerve Head Biomechanics. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual

Science, 46(11), p.4189 [online] available from <http://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?doi=10.1167/iovs.05-0541> [13 August 2013]. 9. R, W.P.C.J., Pichon, L. & Razek, A., (2000). A 3D " nite element method for the modelling of bounded and unbounded electromagnetic

problems in the time domain. , (April 1999), pp.527–540.

10. Raja, W. et al., (2009). Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors : Optimization of D iffraction G rating and P rism C ouplers Results : , p.2000. 11. Njoku, C.C. et al., (2012). Simulation Methodology for Synthesis of Antenna Substrates With Microscale Inclusions. IEEE Transactions on

Antennas and Propagation, 60(5), pp.2194–2202 [online] available from < https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/dspace-jspui/handle/2134/9993> [09

August 2013]. 12. Nicolson, S.T. & Voinigescu, S.P., (2006). Methodology for simultaneous noise and impedance matching in W-band LNAs. Technical Digest -

IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium, CSIC, (5), pp.279–282 [online] available from

<http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=4110041> [08 August 2013]. 13. Kazemipour, A. et al., (2014). The Horn Antenna as Gaussian Source in the mm-Wave Domain. Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz

Waves, 35(9), pp.720–731 [online] available from < http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10762-014-0077-

9\nhttp://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10762-014-0077-9.pdf> [21 August 2013].

14. Tobey, F., L., Enoch, J., M., and Scandrett, J., H., (1975).Experimentally determinded optical properties of goldfish cones and rods. [Online]

Available at: www.Iovs.arvojournals.org / [Accessed 3 Aug. 2014].

15. Saade, C., Alvarez-Delfin, K. and Fadool, J. (2018). Rod Photoreceptors Protect from Cone Degeneration-Induced Retinal Remodeling and Restore Visual Responses in Zebrafish. [Online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3711385/ [Accessed 3 Aug.

2014].

16. Ribelayga, C., Cao, Y. and Mangel, S. (2018). The Circadian Clock in the Retina Controls Rod-Cone Coupling. [Online] PMC Journals. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5581203/ [Accessed 20 Aug. 2014].

17. Charman, W. N. (1991). ‘Optics of the Human Eye’.Visual Optics and Instrumentation, CRC Press, Boca Raton.Pg 1-26.

18. Chen, S., Donoho, D., and Saunders, M. (1998). ‘Automatic decomposition by basis pursuit’. SIAM Journal of Scientific Computation 1(3), 33–61

19. Gorodnitsky, I. F., and Rao, B. D., (1997).‘Sparse signal reconstruction from limited data using FOCUSS: a re-weighted minimum norm algorithm’. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 45(3), 600–616

20. Watson, A. B. and Ahumada, A. J. (1985) 'Model of Human Visual-Motion Sensing'. Optical Society of America, Journal, A: Optics and Image

Science 2, 322-342 21. Das, R., (2003). Transmission of Electromagnetic Power Through a Biological Medium. , pp.1–149.

22. Poggio, T., Fahle, M., and Edelman, S. (1991) Fast Perceptual Learning in Visual Hyperacuity

23. Condon, E.U., and Odishaw, H., (1958) ‘Handbook of Physics’. McGraw Hill Book Company, Inc. New York Toronto London, 1, 4-119.

24. Fu, Y., (2010). ‘Phototransduction in rod and cones’. Medical Educational Website [Online] Available from

<http://webvision.med.utah.edu/book/part-v-phototransduction-in-rods-and-cones/phototransduction-in-rods-and-cones/> [28 August 2013]

25. Montag (2015). ‘The Eye’ Medical Educational Website [Online] Available on http://web.csulb.edu/~cwallis/482/visualsystem/eye.html> [8 July 2014]

26. Smith, S. W. (2011).’ Image Formation & Display- Cameras and Eyes’. The Scientist and Engineer's Guide toDigital Signal Processing.

[Online] available from <http://www.dspguide.com/ch23/2.htm> [20 June 2014]. 27. Hatori, M., and Panda, S., (2015).’ The emerging roles of melanopsin in behavioral adaptation to light’ Medical Educational Website [Online]

available from <http://panda.salk.edu/pdf/emergingrolesofmopn4.pdf > [7 August 2013]

28. Mustafi, D., Engel A., B., Palczewskia, K. (2009).’Structure of cones photoreceptors’ Medical Educational Website [Online] Available from <http://pharmacology.case.edu/department/facuity/primary/pages/Palczewski/articles/Progress%20in%20Retinal%20and%20Eye%20Research.

pdf> [14 April 2014]

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<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1279132/pdf/jphysiol00783-0492.pdf> [14 April 2014]. 30. Sinaeur (2001). ‘Anatomy of the Human eye’. Medical Educational website [Online]. Available from

<http://www.ic.ucsc.edu/~bruceb/psyc123/Vision123.html.pdf>[26 August 2013]

31. Clark, R. N (2009). ‘Experiments with Pixels per Inch (PPI) on Printed Image Sharpness’. Available from <http://www.clarkvision.com/articles/printer-ppi>[27 August 2013]

32. Bandung, D., (2013).’Eye diagram and function’ [Online] available at <http://diagramreview.com/eye-diagram-and-functions/eye-diagram/ >

[14 June 2015] 33. Sylvani, O., (2000).’ Approximate ranges of vision regimes and receptor regimes’ available at <http://www.ecse.rpi.edu/~schubert/Light-

Emitting-Diodes-dot-org/chap16/chap16.htm> [17 June 2015].

34. Hajiaboli, A. (2008). ‘Light Interaction with Human Retinal Photoreceptor: Finite-Difference Time-Domain Analysis’. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada.

35. Virgina Regional College (2013). ‘Muller Cell’. College Educational website [Online] available from

<http://www.vetmed.vt.edu/education/curriculum/vm8054/eye/MULLER.HTM > [26 August 2013] 36. Barton, H., and Byrne, K. (2007). ‘Introduction to Human Vision, Visual Defects & Eye Tests’.

37. Arora, R.K., Vijayaraghavan, S. & Madhavan, R., (1972). Modes of Propagation in a Coaxial Waveguide with Lossless Reactive Guiding

Surfaces. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 20(3), pp.210–214. 38. Iroanusi, K. (2012).‘Hyper Acuity derivation of Human Visual System functioning as a Phased Array Antenna’. Coventry University

39. Howard and Roger,(1995)”Seeing in Depth” Porteous and Oxford University Press.

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43. Gimsa, J. et al., (1996). Dielectric spectroscopy of single human erythrocytes at physiological ionic strength: dispersion of the cytoplasm.

Biophysical Journal, 71(1), pp.495–506.

44. Hajiaboli, A., (2008) FDTD Analysis of Retinal Photoreceptor Outer-Segment : Effect of Stacking Nano-Layers of Membrane and Cytoplasm. ,

pp.3–6. 45. Karpen, J.W. et al., (1988). Gating kinetics of the cyclic-GMP-activated channel of retinal rods: flash photolysis and voltage-jump studies.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 85(4), pp.1287–1291.

46. Mustafi, D., Engel, A.H. & Palczewski, K., (2009). Structure of cone photoreceptors. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 28(4), pp.289–302 [online] available from <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2009.05.003> [07 August 2013].

10.

Authors: Thrinesh Duvvuru, Chenna Kesava Venkata Sai Krishna Lalam

Paper Title: Ergonomic Design of an Uberhood

Abstract: This paper provides an in-detail description of the design considerations, ansys analysis and theoretical data

involved in the design of an ERGONOMIC UBERHOOD. The main objective of this paper is to design uberhoods with

different shapes and obtain an efficient uberhood from the tested designs. In the wake of many two-wheeler accidents

happening in rainy season due to the visibility factor, a hood can be placed to improve the visibility factor for the driver.

Especially in two wheelers, there is lot of scope in the design in aerodynamics. The rider provides considerable

unattended drag by acting as a bluff body, which can be reduced by stream lining the flow of air. Air should be

provided with a hood so that it will get stream lined without reaching bluf body. Preliminary basic shapes like parabola

and ellipse are chosen for designing the hood for BAJAJ AVENGER 220. SOLIDWORKS is used for modeling the

hood. Based on the model, theoretical drag forces were calculated for the corresponding Reynold’s number. ANSYS

Fluent is used to obtain pressure contours, velocity contours, drag forces and lift forces. Theoretical drag force and the

simulated drag forces are compared. The results obtained from Fluent are compared with the unhooded vehicle. There is

an overall reduction in drag force for hooded vehicle when compared to the unhooded vehicle.

Keywords: Ergonomic Uberhood, Bajaj Avenger 220. Solidworks, Ansys Fluent is used to obtain pressure contours,

velocity contours, drag forces and lift forces.

References: 1. Aerodynamic Optimal Shape Design Based on Body-Fitted Grid Generation Farzad Mohebbi and Mathieu Sellier Department of Mechanical

Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.

2. Methods for drag reduction of bluff bodies and their application to heavy road vehicles, G. Buresti, G.V. Iungo, G. Lombardi.

3. Fluid mechanics, Cengel 2011.

4. December 2012 Aerodynamic Analysis and Drag Coefficient Evaluation of Time- Trial Bicycle Riders Peter Nicholas Doval University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.

5. Review of Aerodynamic Drag Reduction Devices for Heavy Trucks and Buses, National Research Council Canada, Centre For Surface

Transport Technology.

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11.

Authors: K. Mounika, M. Sunil Kumar, J. Ayyappa

Paper Title: Performance Evaluation of Maximum Power Point Tracking Approaches for PV Array under PSC with

Differential Converters

Abstract: One of the most important issue in the operation of a photovoltaic (PV) system is extracting maximum power

from the PV array, especially in the partial shading condition (PSC).In this paper a PV array mathematical model with

different MPPT techniques in a standalone model is validated. The characteristics of PV array are highly non-linear as

they depend on temperature and irradiation. Therefore it is important to extract the optimum possible power from PV

panels with control algorithms. The reduction of total efficiency of PV generation conversion is due to partial shading.

PV array along with boost converter and MPPT controller are simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment. When

there are changes in climatic conditions, the parameters of capacitance and inductance of the DC-DC converter will

change to attain optimal efficiency. This paper presents different MPPT techniques like Perturb & observe, Incremental

conductance, fuzzy logic methods to extract the optimum power from the PV panel. This paper proposes a differential

power converter to overcome the PV partial shading problem along with INC control algorithm and fuzzy logic

controller.

Keywords: Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Perturb & Observe (P&O), Incremental Conductance (INC),

Fuzzy Logic Controller, Partial Shading, Differential Power Converter.

65-72

References: 1. T. Esram and P. L.Chapman, “Comparison of photovoltaic array maximum power point tracking techniques,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers.,

vol. 22, no. 8, pp. 439–449, Jun. 2007.

2. Y.-J. Wang and P.-C. Hsu, “An investigation on partial shading of PV modules with different connection configurations of PV cells,” Energy,

vol. 36, pp. 3069–3078, 2011.

3. P.A Lynn, electricity from sunlight “An introduction to Photo Voltaics”, John wiley & Sons 2010,P.238.

4. Trishan Esram; Philip T.Krein; Brain T.khun; Robert S. Balag and Patrik L.Chapman “Power Electronics Needs for Achieving Grid- Parity

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