Internal Migration

• Interregional (think directionally)

U.S. Historic Examples? (voluntary or forced)

U.S. Historic Trends

Internal Migration

• Intraregional migration– Rural to urban• Greatest migration in the world• Why is rural to urban migration different for LDCs?

– Urban to suburban– Counterurbanization • Net migration from urban to rural areas• Where is this phenomenon occurring?

http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2008/12/17/u-s-migration-flows/

• http://tipstrategies.com/blog/2011/10/new-englands-youth-pitch/

• http://www.npr.org/blogs/money/2011/09/29/140934847/how-much-your-states-population-grew-or-shrank-in-the-past-decade

International Migration

International Migration• International migration – the permanent move from

one country to another• Emigration – moving from a location• Immigration – moving to a location– Push factors: those that lead people to move out– Pull factors: those that lead people in

– Economic– Cultural– environmental

• Chain migration• Step migration • Intervening opportunity

• http://peoplemov.in/

• www.pewhispanic.org/files/reports/46.pdf

• http://www.nytimes.com/ref/world/20070622_CAPEVERDE_GRAPHIC.html#

Internally Displaced Person (IDP)

• internally displaced person (IDP): someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country's borders.

• They are often referred to as refugees (although they do not fall within the current legal definition of a refugee)

• 2007: it was estimated there were 24.5 million IDPs in some 52 countries.

Refugee

• A refugee is a person who has been pushed away from his or her home and seeks refuge elsewhere.

• The U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants gives the world total as 62,000,000 refugees.

What does a refugee camp look like?• Sumgait – Azerbaijan

– http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=videos+showing+refugee+camps&mid=6F9400FBB57849E560A46F9400FBB57849E560A4&view=detail&FORM=VIRE1

What does a refugee camp look like?• Kakuma – Kenya

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gWW4ov-zr9Q&feature=related

Dadaab – largest refugee camp in the world

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SU0oj5L_FWQ

So, why are people forced to migrate and become IDPs and refugees?

• Case Study: ethnic conflict (Rwanda 1990s)• Ethnicity: a group of people whose members

identify with each other. – Common heritage (ancestry), language, shared

religion, and traditions (housing, food, music)– This is a cultural construct– Construct identity and identifying against (it’s just

how we roll)

Rwanda: http://www.wanderlustore.com/site_assets/www.wanderlustore.com/images/dynamic/map%20central%20africa.JPG

– Central Africa – Rwanda…concepts of ethnic cleansing, refugees• Hutus (85%): settled farmers in Rwanda/Burundi

– Great Lakes region and Tutsis (15%): cattle herders migrated to region from Rift Valley of Kenya 400 yrs. ago• Rwanda/Burundi became German colony in 1899

and post-WWI gave colonial mandate to Belgium• Colonial times reinforced problems with colonial

leaders preventing Hutus from Univ. and hold govt. positions – Hutus were totally excluded and Tutsis held power

Rwanda• Conflicts broke out before Rwandan independence in

1962 – Hutus killed Tutsis fearing continued Tutsi govt. control • Early 1990s – Rwandan Patriotic Front (Tutsi refugees),

led by Kagame wanted to overthrow Hutu president• 1994 – plane carrying Rwanda/Burundi pres. Shot

down by RPF or Hutus not wanting to negotiate• Hutu State radio, govt. soldiers, police, militias carried

out attacks and supported the general public as well• RPF eventually takes Kigali and 2 million Hutus flee to

DRC • Fighting in the Congo is responsible for up to 5 million

deaths.

Rwanda Links

• Rwanda– Triumph of Evil• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/evil/

– Girl Refused To Die• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/

rwanda/reports/refuse.html

– Ghosts of Rwanda• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/

ghosts/

Rwanda Links

• Rwanda Today – Rising From the Ashes– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CypU-

S7rN5g&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

• Rwanda Troops Pursue Hutu Rebels– http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=r9yeLujRT8U&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

• Go to www.bbc.co.uk/ and search Rwanda.