intensification of maize-legume systems in malawi
TRANSCRIPT
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Intensification of maize-legume systems in Malawi
Regis Chikowo, Wezi Mhango, Edward Mzumara, Chiwimbo Gwenambira, Rowland Chirwa, Sieg Snapp
Michigan State University
Africa RISING East and Southern Africa Review and Planning Meeting, Malawi, 14-16 July 2015
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Malawi 15million peopleAgricultural based
economyArea: 118,000km2
Small land holdings
Insert map
E lev a tio n Z o n es &A g ricu ltu ra l D ev e lo p m en t D iv is io n s
K arongaADD
M zu zuADD
K asunguADD
L ilo ngw e ADD
M ach in gaADD
B lan ty reAD D
Sh ireVa lleyADD
M z u z u
L ilo n g w e
B la n ty re
Z o m b a
K a su n g u
K a ro n g a
M c h in ji
C h itip a
S a lim a
L o w e r S h ire Va lle y :< 2 0 0 m e le v a tio n
L ak e sh o re , M id d le &U p p e r S h ire : 2 0 0 - 7 6 0 m
H ig h lan d s:> 1 3 0 0 m
M id -e le v a tio n U p la n dP la te au : 7 6 0 - 1 3 0 0 m
T. B enson; 10 /9 8
M A L AW I
N sa n je
Sa lim aADD
M z im b a
M a n g o c h i
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Insert map
E lev a tio n Z o n es &A g ricu ltu ra l D ev e lo p m en t D iv is io n s
K arongaADD
M zu zuADD
K asunguADD
L ilo ngw e ADD
M ach in gaADD
B lan ty reAD D
Sh ireVa lleyADD
M z u z u
L ilo n g w e
B la n ty re
Z o m b a
K a su n g u
K a ro n g a
M c h in ji
C h itip a
S a lim a
L o w e r S h ire Va lle y :< 2 0 0 m e le v a tio n
L ak e sh o re , M id d le &U p p e r S h ire : 2 0 0 - 7 6 0 m
H ig h lan d s:> 1 3 0 0 m
M id -e le v a tio n U p la n dP la te au : 7 6 0 - 1 3 0 0 m
T. B enson; 10 /9 8
M A L AW I
N sa n je
Sa lim aADD
M z im b a
M a n g o c h i
We are around here!
A geography lesson
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Labour productivity and gender issues….who is likely to have made these ridges????
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Labour productivity…soil fertility
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Legumes to harness N2 to organic form
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Between farm Contrasts
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Potential pitfalls for intensification across nutrient gradients…
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Basic crop production ecology …
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Yield-determining factors
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Yield-determining factors
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Responding to different farm/socioeconomic circumstances …
Interrogating circumstances for Intensified mineral fertilizer useRotational systemsIntercropping systemsDoubled-up legume systems
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When land is too constraining..
Increasing land productivity is a mustWe have to go an extra mile with our innovations
Beyond the ‘low hanging fruits’
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The doubled-up legume technologyIntercropping two grain legumes
Legume –legume intercrops (double legume) based on different crop growth habits /architecture one of the crops starts growth slowlyBoth crops planted at their optimum spacing (as in
sole cropping – additive intercropping design) two grain crops harvested soil fertility benefits larger
The pigeonpea/groundnut doubled up system the best
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Doubled-up legumes – intercropping 2 legumes that have little inter-specific competition for resources
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When groundnut is almost mature, pigeonpea begins vigorous growth
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Then flowers and pods form
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Understorey groundnut has since been harvested….!!!
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Unfertilized vs NP fertilizer
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
Golo
moti
B
Kand
euA
Kand
euB
Lint
hipe
A
Lint
hipe
B
Nsi
peA
Nsi
peB
Golo
moti
B
Kand
euA
Kand
euB
Lint
hipe
A
Lint
hipe
B
Nsip
eA
Nsip
eB
2012-13 2013-14
Yiel
d (k
g/ha
)
Season
Maize grain yield (site x season)
Control NP_Fert
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Unfertilized vs NP fertilizer
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
Golo
moti
B
Kand
euA
Kand
euB
Lint
hipe
A
Lint
hipe
B
Nsi
peA
Nsi
peB
Golo
moti
B
Kand
euA
Kand
euB
Lint
hipe
A
Lint
hipe
B
Nsip
eA
Nsip
eB
2012-13 2013-14
Yiel
d (k
g/ha
)
Season
Maize grain yield (site x season)
Control NP_Fert
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Maize yields are reduced with legume intercropping compared to sole maize under well fertilised conditions
010002000300040005000600070008000
Golo
moti
B
Kand
euA
Kand
euB
Lint
hipe
A
Lint
hipe
B
Nsip
eA
Nsip
eB
Golo
moti
B
Kand
euA
Kand
euB
Lint
hipe
A
Lint
hipe
B
Nsip
eA
Mea
n
2012-13 2013-14
Yiel
d (k
g/ha
)
Season x Site
Effect of legume intercrop on maize yield
SoleMz
Mz/PP
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Intraspecific competition – yield penalties in doubled up systems
0500
10001500200025003000
Golo
moti
B
Kand
euA
Kand
euB
Lint
hipe
A
Lint
hipe
B
Nsip
eA
Nsip
eB
Golo
moti
B
Lint
hipe
B
Nsip
eA
Golo
moti
B
Kand
euA
Kand
euB
Nsip
eA
Nsip
eB
Kand
euB
2012-13 2013-14 2012-13 2013-14
Groundnut Soybean
Grai
n yi
eld
(kg/
ha)
Sole Yield With Pp Intercrop
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Sole and doubled-up legumes are highly beneficial to maize in sequence!
0
1000
2000
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4000
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7000
Mz_Cntrl Mz_NP Inter_Mz Mz/PP Sole_Leg Dbl_Leg
Grai
n yi
eld
(kg/
ha)
Maize yields - 2014
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Climbing beans: possibilities in Linthipe
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Pigeonpea integration…
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Sustainability indices (metrics)
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Cropping System
Sole Pigeonpea Pigeonpea/Gnut Pigeonpea/Soya Pigeonpea/Maize
Total shoot biomass (M
g/ha)
0
5
10
15
20
c
b
ab
a
Aboveground biomass inputs
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ComplexLaboriousExpensive
Time consumingDestructive sampling
Measuring the ‘hidden half’
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Belowground biomass assessment
INTRO METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSIONPIGEONPEA PRODUCTIVITY
0 - 20 cm
20 - 40 cm
40 - 60 cm29
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Belowground biomass: 0-20 cm layer
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Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation
africa-rising.net
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