bull bull bull

V

Chapter 12

JKMilSiil^^ 204 The Branch JOrrt elligancs Officer will procure

and distribute all maps and necessary inforrcat ion to the

air units to which he is assigned particularly Airdrome

Maps Summaries of Intelligence lt lie will keep the maps

posted in airdromes up to slate and will assist the pershy

sonnel of the air service in instters that pertain to

inteliigene-e

205 The intelligence sections at army and corps

headquarters will be responsible for formulating the program

and photography and for preparing thampfor air reconnaissance written orders for its execution This method will also be

bull followed at divisional hszligkd^ua^teray tor air reconnaissance

onlywhen air cnjts are attached to a ddvision 2h these

orders the stmt to be photographed the degree of urgency theshy

altitud-e and the type of photographic apparatus willall be

specified and the zone required to be photographed plainly

marked -on a map accompanying the orier It is indwSLpeasible j

tltyr air service units engaged on reconnaissance to follow

strictly the program for photography thus laid down

206 Compandors -and staff officers requiring airplaneX

photographs willsubmit their appliDarions to the intelligence u25a0u25a0bullu25a0u25a0bull u25a0i u25a0bull -

u25a0u25a0section of the arm or- corps whiioh nilcaneider the relative

needs and urgency and wnen necessary prepare special orders

to meet pre s sing re guintsraquou25a0

207 A daily report of the missions carried- out

and a list of all- photographs taken will be submitted by each n

Branch Intelligence Officer to the army and corps intelligence

sections

82

20Sv Copies of photographs taken will foamp issuampd

by the Branch Intelligence Officer or through the army or

corps intelligence sections in accordance with the disshy

tribution list established by the Assistant Chief of Staff

G-2u25a0u25a0 of the army or corps Copies of all photographs

taken by corps aviation willin all cases be sent to the

army intelligence section

u25a0209 Since unintefpreted vertical airplane

amp photographs are of little or no use to unite not provided

with competent personnel or facilities for their study

initial distribution of vertical photographs will be made to

headquarters lower than a division only under exceptional

circumstances

210 Corps intelligence officers will send

promptly for distribution to units within the division

sketches or annotated photographs containing information

of value to these units ascertained by a study of the

photographs in the corps intelligence section- Army

intelligence sections will similarly study and annotate

photographs

211 The officer in charge of intelligence with air

units willnormally live at the army or corps aviation field

and make it his business to become parsonally acquainted

with the pilots and observers He is however an integral

part of

the army or corps intelligence section and will

receive his instructions direct from and make his report to

the intelligence officer of the arm^r or corps to which he is

attached

212raquo He will be assisted by three draughtsmen raquo

one clerk and one orderly

83

V

lt gt lt

yenbull 219 The dutispound u25a0fcfie Branch intelligence

Officers with army or corps air viiits are (a) to collect

and sifiall information obtained by the personnel of the

air unilis by bbssivat ioh -and photography (b ) to insure

Ijhat sUch in^biniaiidn reaches

a Convenient form dhd without

all^whom it may concern in

-Z4 i ih-lorriatidn gaihelti t^ a^r units 6pe rat ing

direbiJiy undfeir army lieadqtiarri-ers laquorjl-l chiefly of

(a) Re ports movement s and act iviiiec in u25a0i

bacK apisas

(b) u25a0 Work oh r4ar lines of defense

(c)

(d)

Photographs

phot ographs

bullPhotographs

of rear lines of defense and oblique

of the enemy e front line s ys tem raquo

enemy s artillery posit ionsof iheshy

215 The majority 6f -information under the above

i

the army but care must beheadings willbe required by

taken that copies of all photographs Which rare also of

interest tocorps are for^arded to the corpa concerned dth laquo

as little delay as possible In such cases it is for the

u25a0corps inteliig^KC^ section- to arrange for the supply ampnamp

distribution of the number of copies require4

216 The information required to be obtained by

attached to army corps comprises u25a0 u25a0

Information of the hostile front line system and

thfe 1 enemy 9 t^odps holdingit

laquo bullInfdfmat ion Regarding movements the enemys ccramuttishy

cations and rear organizations -opposite^^ the front ampampltamp

bullflanks of the corps concerned

information regarding the enemys artillery which

can N

or does fire on the area of the corps concerned

84

217 Information under (a) and (c) is always ofI

immediate importance to diviiiregns and brigades 1 in the line

Information under (b) and $c) iiiaddition will often be

of importance to corps on the flanks Observers willbe

interviewed by the Branch Intelligence Officer as soon as

I possible after landing The Branch Intelligence Officer

I will then decide from his knowledge of the situation andI

u25a0

u25a0u25a0u25a0bullu25a0u25a0u25a0 ) u25a0u25a0u25a0

I of the information required by the army or corps what in

I of immediate importance u0084 find wiljsend lit out by the quickshy

est route

be through

which save in exceptional

corps or army headquarters

circumstances will (

In Order constantly to provide observers and pilots

with information as to what is wanted army and corps

intelligence sections will during active operations see

that the Branch Intelligence Officers are kept fully inform

Ed as to what is required as by this means the observers r

can report to best advantage v

218 Information of immediate tactical import anccopy

rhay if the situation warrants

to the troops concerned by the gt

it be

Branch

transmitted

Intelligence

directly

Officer

V

V and the

taken

Assistant Chief of Staff G-2 notified of the

action

219 laquo The Branch Eitellige^ce Officer willcarry

out the instructions

regarding the number

of the Assistant Chief of Staff G-2 lt

and distribution of photographs

including advance copies Copies of all photographs willbe

indexed and filed in the office of the Branch Jntelligence

Officer the corps Branch Intelligence Officer will study

and annotate the priority copies 4

importance

220 Artillery intormat ion if of immed iate

should be couraunicaied directly to the Artillery

Information Officer at artillery headquarters y otherwise

it willbe $ent in the normal way through the intelligence

85

opoundsctiont Copies of photographs of import ance from an

Artillery Informat ion Officer a -v-ieiNpBsuraquoi will be for gt ii

T u25a0warded directly to the offiss of the Artiilsry^Biformat ion

Officer concerned as quickly as possible u0084

2poundlraquo it is of the utmost importance that all

information be forwarded at ouce to array or corps head-f

quarters n order that the fullest uss may be made of it

At the same time -intelligence officers with air units must

remember that it is thqir duly to co-ope rat $ Mth and as sis iri eyenBrye yen8ry way -possible the internal organisation of the air

units by providing them with the information necessary to

their ivcopyrk u25a0bull bull

u25a0

u25a0

222 Briefly summarized gt the responsibility of the

Branch Intelligence Offic-er with army airu^ita as regards

the dissemination of information is as foilowai To isend all )u25a0

laquo

information obtained tb the Intelligehee section 6f the

general staff at army 1 headquarters gt excspt -that yhen informshy

ation d^ of immedi^tte tactical importance to army corps he

may forward it direct to the corps and notify army intcopyHi v

gence officer of his action

223 The Braiiah Intelligence Officer with the

corps air units- is similarly respot)sitve for the prompt

transmission of information tocorps intelligence section i

except that nmen inicrmatien is of immediate tactical iiaport

ance to lower taiits he may forwazd it direct to them and

notify the corjjs intelligence officer of his action (u25a0

86

)

bull

i

bull)

224 Branch Ihi^XligeJice Officers with air units

are responsible for keeping the unit commanders posted

with all information that will assist them in carrying on

u25a0their aerial work ~ )

2pound5 Delivery of priority photographs willbe

made to army corps and division dropping groyj(iis by airshy

plane The method by which Information willbe dropped by

liaispri patrols to army corpa and division headquarters

-or wherever it may be required willbe arranged by ihe r

respective intelligence sections of the army corps and

division general staffs

226 It is the duty of the intelligence officers

bull with adjoining air units whether attached to army or corps

headquarters^ to keep one another promptly informed on all

matters that may affect them from whatever source obtained

and to co-operate closely

227 Reports of all airplane reconnaissances will

be made by the Branch Intelligence Officer attached to an

airplane unit A copy ofthe report willbe sent also fo the

Chief of Air Service concerned

228laquo It is important that reports of railtray

activity should state definitely (a) where the trains are

observed (b) time at which observed (c) direction in which

they are going or if stationary Unless this is done one u25a0- s

train reported on subsequent occasions by the same reconshy

naissances may be mistaken for two separate trains

229 When train activity is normal kite balloon

sections detailed for the purpose will send reports three

times dailyor as the occasion may demand to the corps inshy

telligence section Ihen the activity is abnormal throughout the

day more- frequent reports should as muchbe made being summarized^ raquo

as possible Any unusual movements willbe telephoned at once

87

u25a0raquogt

X

to army headquarters and to any corps concerned jhen a

ft train is obsaryed within gim range it should be reported

Si-

at once to the heavy artillery groups concerned

230raquo Balloon observers report all movements seen

by them within) the enemy fs lines including troops trucks

wagons u0084v narrow and standard gauge railroad trains smoke l

hostile airplanes and everything that is of military

importance

telligence

This information is transmitted to the

section of the unit to which the balloon

in

is

attached for duty in addition to being reported to the

artillery u25a0 u25a0bullu25a0u25a0bull

u25a0 bullu25a0 bull

u25a0 231 raquo (When a hostile airplane is brought down within

-S

our 1 lines the corps in whose area it falls will fee rampsponsishy

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0) u25a0

u25a0 gt

ble for safeguard ing it-arid allofshy its contents until it is handed over to agent 3 of the air service through the array

corps to which the unit belongs The machine with all of i

its contents will be turneid overby the army corps to the

air service with the exception only of documents maps and

photographs which together with any prisoners or dead f

bodies willbe taken possession of by the intelligence

) Section for examination u25a0

x u25a0 u25a0 -

be

232 In case of -wounded prisoners it may at

u25a0 bull u25a0u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u25a0

necassary for the examination to be carried out by a

time$

corps other than the one in whose area the machine fell u25a0

u25a0u25a0 ishy u25a0 u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0 u25a0u25a0

this case the corps examining will notify the corps into

In

whampse area the machine fSGLI that it is carrying out the

examination so that the prisoners may not be worried by

repeated or unnecesszligary examinations

233 The corps- concerned will immediately notify

gt the nearest air mnit shy

fall of the machine

as well as army headquarters of the

On receiving information the squadron

Ogt

V

y

88

notifies air service headquarters through the proper channels

234 fsfoedi a hostile aviator is captured he will

be examined in detail at army headquarters Since however

it is important that he be examined in technical details

the air service willif they desire _y

send an officer to u25a0h~~l

be present at the examination and therefore should be

notified in advance A preliminary examination may be held

at corps headquarters to obtain identifications and informa

tion on other matters of urgent interest

235 Should one of our own airplanes fall in our

lines tha corp3 willbe responsible as laid down in parashy

graph 231 and the nearest unit will at once inform headshy

quarters army air service mentioning number type and

markings and giving any other information which may

assist in the identification of the machine

89

i

gtu25a0 )

i Chapter X3

RADIO INTELLIGENCE

u25a0 236 -The purpose of the radio intelligence is to obtain

i the fullest advantage of the signal service in the army in reshy

lation to intelligenc e

237 Radio intelligence comprises

(a) Establishing the location and movements of the r enemys field stations intercepting messages and forwarding

them to our troops

(b) Establishing the location and movements of hostile j

amp

airplanes using wireless and spotting for hostile artillery

intercepting their calls identifying the artillery groups with

wfiich they are working and establishing the shelling connectshy ions between them and -the targets in our lines raquou25a0

(c) The interception 1 interpretation and analysis of

the enemy s conversation picked up by our listening sets and

its dissemination to our own troops conce meet

X 235 In carrying out the foregoing the Radio Intelligence

Officer at army headquarters receives the reports and analyzes

the information obtajjied white the technical supervision and i i

maintenance of the equipment rests upon the signal corps

239 In order to assist Radio- Intelligence Officers and

sections in carrying out their work the following dutiea will

be performed by afficora iri the army corps and divisional inshy

telligence sections

r (a) Intorception froci groutod stations t The information

obtained from -the enemy a ground stations ill be transmitted

by Radio Intelligence Officersshy to- corps j^tsXligence seotions

) on daily ge port sheets which will-aid o contain nOtms aa to its

tactical significance and such other information as will be

needed to apply it This will be facilitated by the issue of

jnapa showing the enemys system of map references and co^ordi

90

nation Urgent andbull important information will be forwarded by

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0u25a0u25a0 1

the Radio Intelligence Officer by telephone or message as soon

as received The least possible delay should occur in notishyt

confyingy front line -troops of all information received which

cerns them

(b) Airplane intercepting station Wireless stations

willbe specially located for intercepting all signals sent

by hostile airplanes arid will issue them in a daily report on

the form specially provided Should the nature of an inter

oe pied message warrant immediate action the intelligence

officer will at onse inform the artillery information officer

of the corps artillery concerned In addition the airplane

intercept station will be responsible for the sending out of

rwarnings immediately when calls are heard ) (

The Artillery information Officer is responsible for

passing on the information received from the airplane intershy

cept station to the flash ranging sections - sound ranging

Vsections balloon companies and corps artillery observers in

the order named so that they may be prepared to locaie batteries

operating with the enemy s airplanes and warn the units con

cerned upon the receipt of a signalled target or co-ordinate

that may be shelled Effective results can only be obtained

by prompt and efficient team work between the army radio service

and the corps inforrgtmtioni officer and his agencies (

(c) iiistening-in sets Copies of daily reports from

listening-in sets willbe sent directly to division and corps

intelligence sections and through the latter to army -headquartshy

ers ampnd general headquarters

Any infringement of the instructions regarding the

use of signal communications near the front willbe severely

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0bull bull

dealt with by the divisional and corps officers concerned

Intercepted enemy signals or messages of immediate

tactical importance willbe communicated at once by the operatfr V

1 V

91

r

to the troops concerned t

As week1y Rad io Intelligcn cccc Summary will be prelaquo

pared by the army Radio Intelligence Officer and issued

by the intelligence section to those concernecL

92

i

Chapter 14

TOPOGRAPHICAL WORK

240 The typamps of maps to be issued and the tables

of distribution are determined by the operations section

with-the advice of (the intelligence section and published

in Instructions Concerning Maps- The supply and

distribution in accordance with the establ isbed regulations

is carried out by the intelligence section Waste of maps

mustbe avoided but sufficient replacement frust be provided

forloss and wear and tear As the map is frequently the

only intelligence information that reaches ddmpany and

platoori leaders in active operations staffs willnot retain

more than their allot ed portion for use or reserve at the

expense of the troops Units relieved in line or in an area

will turn over all maps and cartographic documents to the

organization relieving them Unless some other officer be

designated by the commanding of ficer this transfer willbe

supervised by the Intelligence Officer of the unit Intelligence

Officers of all units are responsible that the maps furnished them

for- distribution reach of ficers und troops for whom they are

intended

241 The intelligence service is responsible for the

interpretation accurate restitution and distribution of all

airplane phot ographe interpretation or ofThe determination

thpound character of objects is the duty of the information branch

the restitution or accurate location on the rpap the duty of

the topographical branch and the distribution is- effected

through intelligence distribution channel olaquo

242 The Assistant cbief of Staff GK2 at General

headquarters armies corps and divisions are responsible for

the topographic work reproduction 1 and map supply and

distribution within their units

93

v

I

243 The maps copyiid cartographic documents published

and distributed by the intelligence service are as follows

1 Base maps showing culture and topography

2 Battle map showing in addition to the above elements of the enemy defensive organizations whose existence

and location is definitely known

3 Intelligence or information maps showing the bull enemys

defensive organization as reported from intelligence

sources but not accurately located from photographs

schematic maps and diagrams of -tiie enemy s defensive

or offensive organization or theories maps or diagrams

showing organization or activity of the enemys

artillery

4raquo

Annotated aerial photographs either vertical or

s oblique relief maps and photographic reproductions)

panoramic photographs and sketches visibility studies

u26665u26665 Special ma pa rsketches and diagrams for all staff

sections and services showing plans of operation or

-friendly organizations

6raquo Maps diagrams and triangulatron data for map making

and for the- geodetic control and organisation of

artillery fire c

244 1)b3 preparation of base maps and making of

relief maps is performed under the direction of the intellishy

gence section General Headquarters vby a topographic battalioii -

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0 t

operating a bass printing plants This plant -willalso assist

the armieis in work beyond the limits of their mechanical

resources and personnels

the bulk topographical and reproduction245raquo- of the

work is concentrated in the army which alone has sufficient i

resources and personnel for itt Thcopy army willprepare and

publish maps and documents of the five latter classes named

above and in cases of emergency willprepare and publish baampe u25a0bullu25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0maps

- i f^-j

(u25a0

t

i

The army topographical sub-section is the authoritative judge

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0i u25a0

of the correctness of all maps and of the accuracy of all

locations by means of restitution In case of war of taoteeraent

or other circumstances requiring e centralization or incase of

the independent operation of a -corps the army may delegate all or

any of its duties to the corps and will reinforce the corps sectshy

ion with sufficient personnel and material to enable it to carry

out these duties The army will assist corps and divisions in the

reproduction of necessary worje beyond the limits of their resources

246 The army makes all geodetic and topographic surshy

u25a0u25a0veys within its area either for map making or for the organisation

or artillery fire It is necessary that the triangulation and geoshy

detic control throughout the whole army area be uniform arid that u25a0u25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0bull i all maps made by- any organization be in accordance with the general

system For the purpose of accomplishing this result the army topOgshy

raphical sub-section exercises technical supervision over all map |

making agencies within the army

247 The responsibility of the army topographical subshy

section for accurate mapping does not cease at the front line but

extends over rear areas In case of advance into territory not etc

curately mapped on the scale desired for Operation and intelligence

purposes the army topographical sub-section will proceed at once to

ttalce the necessary surveys and base maps under a comprehensive and

uniform plan determined by the intelligence section General Head bull

quarters This willnot prevent uitits from making such reconnaisshy

sances and surveys as are needed for their immediate use but copies

of such work will in all cases be turned in through the intellishygence officers of the respective units to the army topographical

battalion for use in compiling the final map

laquo-Cpound4t) base map even though inaccurate is better r

than no map at all and the principle must be followed of issuing

the best Dase map available and of- issuing corrections as frequentl

95

i

1

amps possible fitfrout waiting tW the preparation of the final ac -

u25a0 u25a0bull i

eurat-e map u25a0-u25a0u25a0 laquo

249 f Base map work Ik rftar areas or In ths enemy s

territory beyond the resources of the army may be taken ever by

General Headquarters or the array may be reinforced by personnel and

manorial from Genreg rat Headquarter^ aa the situation demands -

u25a0

250 Th army topographical battalion ltAoes type re

production for all units of the army

251 Tf^9 normal work of a corps topographical sab-section

is the preparation of int^lligsnccopy maps and special maps as describshy

ed in paragraphs three and five of the list of maps published by the

inteiligence service

The ccrP will in addition publish correctshy

ion sheets io battle maps and s end- copies to the army The corps

will distribute in accordance with instructions maps and docu-

zinents received from the army to the units under its comiriand In case

of independent operation of a corps it will assume all of the

functions of the army and will be suitably reinforced inmaterial

u25a0

ancl personnel fron the army topcgrapliipal- battlicn V

-252

-The division Topographical Cf fleet- f with the aid of

-the engineer Heigimental intelligence Officer and ])iisional 3ngineer

make such reconnaissances and surveys of the enemy^s and friendly

organizations as are necessary and forward the results to the corps u0084

intelligence section- The Division Topographic Officer pre parse- and

publishes intelligence rnape and sketches special maps and diagrams

for other staff sections Vlhen rvperatinginde-pandsntly the division

will be suitably re iuforcediir material and persannel from the

army topographical battalion

96

Chapter ls

WAR DEPARTMENT AND

GENERAL HEADQUARTERS INTELLIGENCE

254 Military intelligence includes all information

regarding thcopy enemys country which can be useful for waging

war more effectively This includes besides information

distinctly military in character geographic political and

economic information as well as information regarding enemys u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0 If

amp racial characteristics the labor situation agriculture

condition of railroads and in general anything which may

affect the direction of the war i

255 In a war of defense conducted within or ad jac

ent to our own borders most of the above information of a--

general nature will be collected compiled and disseminated

by the Military Intelligence Division of the General Staff

at the War Department In a war conducted on foreigii soil

the General Headquarters will be compbelled to have its own

sub-sections for dealing with such subjects as the enemys

political and economic situation as well as the situation

in allied and neutral countries in the vicinity of the theashy

)tre of war u25a0gt-u25a0u25a0

256 The pcrsonnel o f the Gene ral Headquarte rs intelli

gence will vary with the nature of the war its special conshy

u25a0 bull

ditions and the size of the army It will serve all armies

operating under its orders by keeping them informed regardshy

ing the enemy s order of battle his strategy and tactics

equipment and mate Vialu25a0u25a0 It can only do this effectively when

the general

staff intelligence sections of all lower units

are properly organized and of highly trained per-

sonnel and working in thorough harmony In addition to the

above the General Headquarters supplies data relating to the

theatre of war in the rear of the army zone in the form ofbull - j

area books railroad and road maps water maps study nf rear

97

20Sv Copies of photographs taken will foamp issuampd

by the Branch Intelligence Officer or through the army or

corps intelligence sections in accordance with the disshy

tribution list established by the Assistant Chief of Staff

G-2u25a0u25a0 of the army or corps Copies of all photographs

taken by corps aviation willin all cases be sent to the

army intelligence section

u25a0209 Since unintefpreted vertical airplane

amp photographs are of little or no use to unite not provided

with competent personnel or facilities for their study

initial distribution of vertical photographs will be made to

headquarters lower than a division only under exceptional

circumstances

210 Corps intelligence officers will send

promptly for distribution to units within the division

sketches or annotated photographs containing information

of value to these units ascertained by a study of the

photographs in the corps intelligence section- Army

intelligence sections will similarly study and annotate

photographs

211 The officer in charge of intelligence with air

units willnormally live at the army or corps aviation field

and make it his business to become parsonally acquainted

with the pilots and observers He is however an integral

part of

the army or corps intelligence section and will

receive his instructions direct from and make his report to

the intelligence officer of the arm^r or corps to which he is

attached

212raquo He will be assisted by three draughtsmen raquo

one clerk and one orderly

83

V

lt gt lt

yenbull 219 The dutispound u25a0fcfie Branch intelligence

Officers with army or corps air viiits are (a) to collect

and sifiall information obtained by the personnel of the

air unilis by bbssivat ioh -and photography (b ) to insure

Ijhat sUch in^biniaiidn reaches

a Convenient form dhd without

all^whom it may concern in

-Z4 i ih-lorriatidn gaihelti t^ a^r units 6pe rat ing

direbiJiy undfeir army lieadqtiarri-ers laquorjl-l chiefly of

(a) Re ports movement s and act iviiiec in u25a0i

bacK apisas

(b) u25a0 Work oh r4ar lines of defense

(c)

(d)

Photographs

phot ographs

bullPhotographs

of rear lines of defense and oblique

of the enemy e front line s ys tem raquo

enemy s artillery posit ionsof iheshy

215 The majority 6f -information under the above

i

the army but care must beheadings willbe required by

taken that copies of all photographs Which rare also of

interest tocorps are for^arded to the corpa concerned dth laquo

as little delay as possible In such cases it is for the

u25a0corps inteliig^KC^ section- to arrange for the supply ampnamp

distribution of the number of copies require4

216 The information required to be obtained by

attached to army corps comprises u25a0 u25a0

Information of the hostile front line system and

thfe 1 enemy 9 t^odps holdingit

laquo bullInfdfmat ion Regarding movements the enemys ccramuttishy

cations and rear organizations -opposite^^ the front ampampltamp

bullflanks of the corps concerned

information regarding the enemys artillery which

can N

or does fire on the area of the corps concerned

84

217 Information under (a) and (c) is always ofI

immediate importance to diviiiregns and brigades 1 in the line

Information under (b) and $c) iiiaddition will often be

of importance to corps on the flanks Observers willbe

interviewed by the Branch Intelligence Officer as soon as

I possible after landing The Branch Intelligence Officer

I will then decide from his knowledge of the situation andI

u25a0

u25a0u25a0u25a0bullu25a0u25a0u25a0 ) u25a0u25a0u25a0

I of the information required by the army or corps what in

I of immediate importance u0084 find wiljsend lit out by the quickshy

est route

be through

which save in exceptional

corps or army headquarters

circumstances will (

In Order constantly to provide observers and pilots

with information as to what is wanted army and corps

intelligence sections will during active operations see

that the Branch Intelligence Officers are kept fully inform

Ed as to what is required as by this means the observers r

can report to best advantage v

218 Information of immediate tactical import anccopy

rhay if the situation warrants

to the troops concerned by the gt

it be

Branch

transmitted

Intelligence

directly

Officer

V

V and the

taken

Assistant Chief of Staff G-2 notified of the

action

219 laquo The Branch Eitellige^ce Officer willcarry

out the instructions

regarding the number

of the Assistant Chief of Staff G-2 lt

and distribution of photographs

including advance copies Copies of all photographs willbe

indexed and filed in the office of the Branch Jntelligence

Officer the corps Branch Intelligence Officer will study

and annotate the priority copies 4

importance

220 Artillery intormat ion if of immed iate

should be couraunicaied directly to the Artillery

Information Officer at artillery headquarters y otherwise

it willbe $ent in the normal way through the intelligence

85

opoundsctiont Copies of photographs of import ance from an

Artillery Informat ion Officer a -v-ieiNpBsuraquoi will be for gt ii

T u25a0warded directly to the offiss of the Artiilsry^Biformat ion

Officer concerned as quickly as possible u0084

2poundlraquo it is of the utmost importance that all

information be forwarded at ouce to array or corps head-f

quarters n order that the fullest uss may be made of it

At the same time -intelligence officers with air units must

remember that it is thqir duly to co-ope rat $ Mth and as sis iri eyenBrye yen8ry way -possible the internal organisation of the air

units by providing them with the information necessary to

their ivcopyrk u25a0bull bull

u25a0

u25a0

222 Briefly summarized gt the responsibility of the

Branch Intelligence Offic-er with army airu^ita as regards

the dissemination of information is as foilowai To isend all )u25a0

laquo

information obtained tb the Intelligehee section 6f the

general staff at army 1 headquarters gt excspt -that yhen informshy

ation d^ of immedi^tte tactical importance to army corps he

may forward it direct to the corps and notify army intcopyHi v

gence officer of his action

223 The Braiiah Intelligence Officer with the

corps air units- is similarly respot)sitve for the prompt

transmission of information tocorps intelligence section i

except that nmen inicrmatien is of immediate tactical iiaport

ance to lower taiits he may forwazd it direct to them and

notify the corjjs intelligence officer of his action (u25a0

86

)

bull

i

bull)

224 Branch Ihi^XligeJice Officers with air units

are responsible for keeping the unit commanders posted

with all information that will assist them in carrying on

u25a0their aerial work ~ )

2pound5 Delivery of priority photographs willbe

made to army corps and division dropping groyj(iis by airshy

plane The method by which Information willbe dropped by

liaispri patrols to army corpa and division headquarters

-or wherever it may be required willbe arranged by ihe r

respective intelligence sections of the army corps and

division general staffs

226 It is the duty of the intelligence officers

bull with adjoining air units whether attached to army or corps

headquarters^ to keep one another promptly informed on all

matters that may affect them from whatever source obtained

and to co-operate closely

227 Reports of all airplane reconnaissances will

be made by the Branch Intelligence Officer attached to an

airplane unit A copy ofthe report willbe sent also fo the

Chief of Air Service concerned

228laquo It is important that reports of railtray

activity should state definitely (a) where the trains are

observed (b) time at which observed (c) direction in which

they are going or if stationary Unless this is done one u25a0- s

train reported on subsequent occasions by the same reconshy

naissances may be mistaken for two separate trains

229 When train activity is normal kite balloon

sections detailed for the purpose will send reports three

times dailyor as the occasion may demand to the corps inshy

telligence section Ihen the activity is abnormal throughout the

day more- frequent reports should as muchbe made being summarized^ raquo

as possible Any unusual movements willbe telephoned at once

87

u25a0raquogt

X

to army headquarters and to any corps concerned jhen a

ft train is obsaryed within gim range it should be reported

Si-

at once to the heavy artillery groups concerned

230raquo Balloon observers report all movements seen

by them within) the enemy fs lines including troops trucks

wagons u0084v narrow and standard gauge railroad trains smoke l

hostile airplanes and everything that is of military

importance

telligence

This information is transmitted to the

section of the unit to which the balloon

in

is

attached for duty in addition to being reported to the

artillery u25a0 u25a0bullu25a0u25a0bull

u25a0 bullu25a0 bull

u25a0 231 raquo (When a hostile airplane is brought down within

-S

our 1 lines the corps in whose area it falls will fee rampsponsishy

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0) u25a0

u25a0 gt

ble for safeguard ing it-arid allofshy its contents until it is handed over to agent 3 of the air service through the array

corps to which the unit belongs The machine with all of i

its contents will be turneid overby the army corps to the

air service with the exception only of documents maps and

photographs which together with any prisoners or dead f

bodies willbe taken possession of by the intelligence

) Section for examination u25a0

x u25a0 u25a0 -

be

232 In case of -wounded prisoners it may at

u25a0 bull u25a0u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u25a0

necassary for the examination to be carried out by a

time$

corps other than the one in whose area the machine fell u25a0

u25a0u25a0 ishy u25a0 u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0 u25a0u25a0

this case the corps examining will notify the corps into

In

whampse area the machine fSGLI that it is carrying out the

examination so that the prisoners may not be worried by

repeated or unnecesszligary examinations

233 The corps- concerned will immediately notify

gt the nearest air mnit shy

fall of the machine

as well as army headquarters of the

On receiving information the squadron

Ogt

V

y

88

notifies air service headquarters through the proper channels

234 fsfoedi a hostile aviator is captured he will

be examined in detail at army headquarters Since however

it is important that he be examined in technical details

the air service willif they desire _y

send an officer to u25a0h~~l

be present at the examination and therefore should be

notified in advance A preliminary examination may be held

at corps headquarters to obtain identifications and informa

tion on other matters of urgent interest

235 Should one of our own airplanes fall in our

lines tha corp3 willbe responsible as laid down in parashy

graph 231 and the nearest unit will at once inform headshy

quarters army air service mentioning number type and

markings and giving any other information which may

assist in the identification of the machine

89

i

gtu25a0 )

i Chapter X3

RADIO INTELLIGENCE

u25a0 236 -The purpose of the radio intelligence is to obtain

i the fullest advantage of the signal service in the army in reshy

lation to intelligenc e

237 Radio intelligence comprises

(a) Establishing the location and movements of the r enemys field stations intercepting messages and forwarding

them to our troops

(b) Establishing the location and movements of hostile j

amp

airplanes using wireless and spotting for hostile artillery

intercepting their calls identifying the artillery groups with

wfiich they are working and establishing the shelling connectshy ions between them and -the targets in our lines raquou25a0

(c) The interception 1 interpretation and analysis of

the enemy s conversation picked up by our listening sets and

its dissemination to our own troops conce meet

X 235 In carrying out the foregoing the Radio Intelligence

Officer at army headquarters receives the reports and analyzes

the information obtajjied white the technical supervision and i i

maintenance of the equipment rests upon the signal corps

239 In order to assist Radio- Intelligence Officers and

sections in carrying out their work the following dutiea will

be performed by afficora iri the army corps and divisional inshy

telligence sections

r (a) Intorception froci groutod stations t The information

obtained from -the enemy a ground stations ill be transmitted

by Radio Intelligence Officersshy to- corps j^tsXligence seotions

) on daily ge port sheets which will-aid o contain nOtms aa to its

tactical significance and such other information as will be

needed to apply it This will be facilitated by the issue of

jnapa showing the enemys system of map references and co^ordi

90

nation Urgent andbull important information will be forwarded by

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0u25a0u25a0 1

the Radio Intelligence Officer by telephone or message as soon

as received The least possible delay should occur in notishyt

confyingy front line -troops of all information received which

cerns them

(b) Airplane intercepting station Wireless stations

willbe specially located for intercepting all signals sent

by hostile airplanes arid will issue them in a daily report on

the form specially provided Should the nature of an inter

oe pied message warrant immediate action the intelligence

officer will at onse inform the artillery information officer

of the corps artillery concerned In addition the airplane

intercept station will be responsible for the sending out of

rwarnings immediately when calls are heard ) (

The Artillery information Officer is responsible for

passing on the information received from the airplane intershy

cept station to the flash ranging sections - sound ranging

Vsections balloon companies and corps artillery observers in

the order named so that they may be prepared to locaie batteries

operating with the enemy s airplanes and warn the units con

cerned upon the receipt of a signalled target or co-ordinate

that may be shelled Effective results can only be obtained

by prompt and efficient team work between the army radio service

and the corps inforrgtmtioni officer and his agencies (

(c) iiistening-in sets Copies of daily reports from

listening-in sets willbe sent directly to division and corps

intelligence sections and through the latter to army -headquartshy

ers ampnd general headquarters

Any infringement of the instructions regarding the

use of signal communications near the front willbe severely

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0bull bull

dealt with by the divisional and corps officers concerned

Intercepted enemy signals or messages of immediate

tactical importance willbe communicated at once by the operatfr V

1 V

91

r

to the troops concerned t

As week1y Rad io Intelligcn cccc Summary will be prelaquo

pared by the army Radio Intelligence Officer and issued

by the intelligence section to those concernecL

92

i

Chapter 14

TOPOGRAPHICAL WORK

240 The typamps of maps to be issued and the tables

of distribution are determined by the operations section

with-the advice of (the intelligence section and published

in Instructions Concerning Maps- The supply and

distribution in accordance with the establ isbed regulations

is carried out by the intelligence section Waste of maps

mustbe avoided but sufficient replacement frust be provided

forloss and wear and tear As the map is frequently the

only intelligence information that reaches ddmpany and

platoori leaders in active operations staffs willnot retain

more than their allot ed portion for use or reserve at the

expense of the troops Units relieved in line or in an area

will turn over all maps and cartographic documents to the

organization relieving them Unless some other officer be

designated by the commanding of ficer this transfer willbe

supervised by the Intelligence Officer of the unit Intelligence

Officers of all units are responsible that the maps furnished them

for- distribution reach of ficers und troops for whom they are

intended

241 The intelligence service is responsible for the

interpretation accurate restitution and distribution of all

airplane phot ographe interpretation or ofThe determination

thpound character of objects is the duty of the information branch

the restitution or accurate location on the rpap the duty of

the topographical branch and the distribution is- effected

through intelligence distribution channel olaquo

242 The Assistant cbief of Staff GK2 at General

headquarters armies corps and divisions are responsible for

the topographic work reproduction 1 and map supply and

distribution within their units

93

v

I

243 The maps copyiid cartographic documents published

and distributed by the intelligence service are as follows

1 Base maps showing culture and topography

2 Battle map showing in addition to the above elements of the enemy defensive organizations whose existence

and location is definitely known

3 Intelligence or information maps showing the bull enemys

defensive organization as reported from intelligence

sources but not accurately located from photographs

schematic maps and diagrams of -tiie enemy s defensive

or offensive organization or theories maps or diagrams

showing organization or activity of the enemys

artillery

4raquo

Annotated aerial photographs either vertical or

s oblique relief maps and photographic reproductions)

panoramic photographs and sketches visibility studies

u26665u26665 Special ma pa rsketches and diagrams for all staff

sections and services showing plans of operation or

-friendly organizations

6raquo Maps diagrams and triangulatron data for map making

and for the- geodetic control and organisation of

artillery fire c

244 1)b3 preparation of base maps and making of

relief maps is performed under the direction of the intellishy

gence section General Headquarters vby a topographic battalioii -

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0 t

operating a bass printing plants This plant -willalso assist

the armieis in work beyond the limits of their mechanical

resources and personnels

the bulk topographical and reproduction245raquo- of the

work is concentrated in the army which alone has sufficient i

resources and personnel for itt Thcopy army willprepare and

publish maps and documents of the five latter classes named

above and in cases of emergency willprepare and publish baampe u25a0bullu25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0maps

- i f^-j

(u25a0

t

i

The army topographical sub-section is the authoritative judge

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0i u25a0

of the correctness of all maps and of the accuracy of all

locations by means of restitution In case of war of taoteeraent

or other circumstances requiring e centralization or incase of

the independent operation of a -corps the army may delegate all or

any of its duties to the corps and will reinforce the corps sectshy

ion with sufficient personnel and material to enable it to carry

out these duties The army will assist corps and divisions in the

reproduction of necessary worje beyond the limits of their resources

246 The army makes all geodetic and topographic surshy

u25a0u25a0veys within its area either for map making or for the organisation

or artillery fire It is necessary that the triangulation and geoshy

detic control throughout the whole army area be uniform arid that u25a0u25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0bull i all maps made by- any organization be in accordance with the general

system For the purpose of accomplishing this result the army topOgshy

raphical sub-section exercises technical supervision over all map |

making agencies within the army

247 The responsibility of the army topographical subshy

section for accurate mapping does not cease at the front line but

extends over rear areas In case of advance into territory not etc

curately mapped on the scale desired for Operation and intelligence

purposes the army topographical sub-section will proceed at once to

ttalce the necessary surveys and base maps under a comprehensive and

uniform plan determined by the intelligence section General Head bull

quarters This willnot prevent uitits from making such reconnaisshy

sances and surveys as are needed for their immediate use but copies

of such work will in all cases be turned in through the intellishygence officers of the respective units to the army topographical

battalion for use in compiling the final map

laquo-Cpound4t) base map even though inaccurate is better r

than no map at all and the principle must be followed of issuing

the best Dase map available and of- issuing corrections as frequentl

95

i

1

amps possible fitfrout waiting tW the preparation of the final ac -

u25a0 u25a0bull i

eurat-e map u25a0-u25a0u25a0 laquo

249 f Base map work Ik rftar areas or In ths enemy s

territory beyond the resources of the army may be taken ever by

General Headquarters or the array may be reinforced by personnel and

manorial from Genreg rat Headquarter^ aa the situation demands -

u25a0

250 Th army topographical battalion ltAoes type re

production for all units of the army

251 Tf^9 normal work of a corps topographical sab-section

is the preparation of int^lligsnccopy maps and special maps as describshy

ed in paragraphs three and five of the list of maps published by the

inteiligence service

The ccrP will in addition publish correctshy

ion sheets io battle maps and s end- copies to the army The corps

will distribute in accordance with instructions maps and docu-

zinents received from the army to the units under its comiriand In case

of independent operation of a corps it will assume all of the

functions of the army and will be suitably reinforced inmaterial

u25a0

ancl personnel fron the army topcgrapliipal- battlicn V

-252

-The division Topographical Cf fleet- f with the aid of

-the engineer Heigimental intelligence Officer and ])iisional 3ngineer

make such reconnaissances and surveys of the enemy^s and friendly

organizations as are necessary and forward the results to the corps u0084

intelligence section- The Division Topographic Officer pre parse- and

publishes intelligence rnape and sketches special maps and diagrams

for other staff sections Vlhen rvperatinginde-pandsntly the division

will be suitably re iuforcediir material and persannel from the

army topographical battalion

96

Chapter ls

WAR DEPARTMENT AND

GENERAL HEADQUARTERS INTELLIGENCE

254 Military intelligence includes all information

regarding thcopy enemys country which can be useful for waging

war more effectively This includes besides information

distinctly military in character geographic political and

economic information as well as information regarding enemys u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0 If

amp racial characteristics the labor situation agriculture

condition of railroads and in general anything which may

affect the direction of the war i

255 In a war of defense conducted within or ad jac

ent to our own borders most of the above information of a--

general nature will be collected compiled and disseminated

by the Military Intelligence Division of the General Staff

at the War Department In a war conducted on foreigii soil

the General Headquarters will be compbelled to have its own

sub-sections for dealing with such subjects as the enemys

political and economic situation as well as the situation

in allied and neutral countries in the vicinity of the theashy

)tre of war u25a0gt-u25a0u25a0

256 The pcrsonnel o f the Gene ral Headquarte rs intelli

gence will vary with the nature of the war its special conshy

u25a0 bull

ditions and the size of the army It will serve all armies

operating under its orders by keeping them informed regardshy

ing the enemy s order of battle his strategy and tactics

equipment and mate Vialu25a0u25a0 It can only do this effectively when

the general

staff intelligence sections of all lower units

are properly organized and of highly trained per-

sonnel and working in thorough harmony In addition to the

above the General Headquarters supplies data relating to the

theatre of war in the rear of the army zone in the form ofbull - j

area books railroad and road maps water maps study nf rear

97

V

lt gt lt

yenbull 219 The dutispound u25a0fcfie Branch intelligence

Officers with army or corps air viiits are (a) to collect

and sifiall information obtained by the personnel of the

air unilis by bbssivat ioh -and photography (b ) to insure

Ijhat sUch in^biniaiidn reaches

a Convenient form dhd without

all^whom it may concern in

-Z4 i ih-lorriatidn gaihelti t^ a^r units 6pe rat ing

direbiJiy undfeir army lieadqtiarri-ers laquorjl-l chiefly of

(a) Re ports movement s and act iviiiec in u25a0i

bacK apisas

(b) u25a0 Work oh r4ar lines of defense

(c)

(d)

Photographs

phot ographs

bullPhotographs

of rear lines of defense and oblique

of the enemy e front line s ys tem raquo

enemy s artillery posit ionsof iheshy

215 The majority 6f -information under the above

i

the army but care must beheadings willbe required by

taken that copies of all photographs Which rare also of

interest tocorps are for^arded to the corpa concerned dth laquo

as little delay as possible In such cases it is for the

u25a0corps inteliig^KC^ section- to arrange for the supply ampnamp

distribution of the number of copies require4

216 The information required to be obtained by

attached to army corps comprises u25a0 u25a0

Information of the hostile front line system and

thfe 1 enemy 9 t^odps holdingit

laquo bullInfdfmat ion Regarding movements the enemys ccramuttishy

cations and rear organizations -opposite^^ the front ampampltamp

bullflanks of the corps concerned

information regarding the enemys artillery which

can N

or does fire on the area of the corps concerned

84

217 Information under (a) and (c) is always ofI

immediate importance to diviiiregns and brigades 1 in the line

Information under (b) and $c) iiiaddition will often be

of importance to corps on the flanks Observers willbe

interviewed by the Branch Intelligence Officer as soon as

I possible after landing The Branch Intelligence Officer

I will then decide from his knowledge of the situation andI

u25a0

u25a0u25a0u25a0bullu25a0u25a0u25a0 ) u25a0u25a0u25a0

I of the information required by the army or corps what in

I of immediate importance u0084 find wiljsend lit out by the quickshy

est route

be through

which save in exceptional

corps or army headquarters

circumstances will (

In Order constantly to provide observers and pilots

with information as to what is wanted army and corps

intelligence sections will during active operations see

that the Branch Intelligence Officers are kept fully inform

Ed as to what is required as by this means the observers r

can report to best advantage v

218 Information of immediate tactical import anccopy

rhay if the situation warrants

to the troops concerned by the gt

it be

Branch

transmitted

Intelligence

directly

Officer

V

V and the

taken

Assistant Chief of Staff G-2 notified of the

action

219 laquo The Branch Eitellige^ce Officer willcarry

out the instructions

regarding the number

of the Assistant Chief of Staff G-2 lt

and distribution of photographs

including advance copies Copies of all photographs willbe

indexed and filed in the office of the Branch Jntelligence

Officer the corps Branch Intelligence Officer will study

and annotate the priority copies 4

importance

220 Artillery intormat ion if of immed iate

should be couraunicaied directly to the Artillery

Information Officer at artillery headquarters y otherwise

it willbe $ent in the normal way through the intelligence

85

opoundsctiont Copies of photographs of import ance from an

Artillery Informat ion Officer a -v-ieiNpBsuraquoi will be for gt ii

T u25a0warded directly to the offiss of the Artiilsry^Biformat ion

Officer concerned as quickly as possible u0084

2poundlraquo it is of the utmost importance that all

information be forwarded at ouce to array or corps head-f

quarters n order that the fullest uss may be made of it

At the same time -intelligence officers with air units must

remember that it is thqir duly to co-ope rat $ Mth and as sis iri eyenBrye yen8ry way -possible the internal organisation of the air

units by providing them with the information necessary to

their ivcopyrk u25a0bull bull

u25a0

u25a0

222 Briefly summarized gt the responsibility of the

Branch Intelligence Offic-er with army airu^ita as regards

the dissemination of information is as foilowai To isend all )u25a0

laquo

information obtained tb the Intelligehee section 6f the

general staff at army 1 headquarters gt excspt -that yhen informshy

ation d^ of immedi^tte tactical importance to army corps he

may forward it direct to the corps and notify army intcopyHi v

gence officer of his action

223 The Braiiah Intelligence Officer with the

corps air units- is similarly respot)sitve for the prompt

transmission of information tocorps intelligence section i

except that nmen inicrmatien is of immediate tactical iiaport

ance to lower taiits he may forwazd it direct to them and

notify the corjjs intelligence officer of his action (u25a0

86

)

bull

i

bull)

224 Branch Ihi^XligeJice Officers with air units

are responsible for keeping the unit commanders posted

with all information that will assist them in carrying on

u25a0their aerial work ~ )

2pound5 Delivery of priority photographs willbe

made to army corps and division dropping groyj(iis by airshy

plane The method by which Information willbe dropped by

liaispri patrols to army corpa and division headquarters

-or wherever it may be required willbe arranged by ihe r

respective intelligence sections of the army corps and

division general staffs

226 It is the duty of the intelligence officers

bull with adjoining air units whether attached to army or corps

headquarters^ to keep one another promptly informed on all

matters that may affect them from whatever source obtained

and to co-operate closely

227 Reports of all airplane reconnaissances will

be made by the Branch Intelligence Officer attached to an

airplane unit A copy ofthe report willbe sent also fo the

Chief of Air Service concerned

228laquo It is important that reports of railtray

activity should state definitely (a) where the trains are

observed (b) time at which observed (c) direction in which

they are going or if stationary Unless this is done one u25a0- s

train reported on subsequent occasions by the same reconshy

naissances may be mistaken for two separate trains

229 When train activity is normal kite balloon

sections detailed for the purpose will send reports three

times dailyor as the occasion may demand to the corps inshy

telligence section Ihen the activity is abnormal throughout the

day more- frequent reports should as muchbe made being summarized^ raquo

as possible Any unusual movements willbe telephoned at once

87

u25a0raquogt

X

to army headquarters and to any corps concerned jhen a

ft train is obsaryed within gim range it should be reported

Si-

at once to the heavy artillery groups concerned

230raquo Balloon observers report all movements seen

by them within) the enemy fs lines including troops trucks

wagons u0084v narrow and standard gauge railroad trains smoke l

hostile airplanes and everything that is of military

importance

telligence

This information is transmitted to the

section of the unit to which the balloon

in

is

attached for duty in addition to being reported to the

artillery u25a0 u25a0bullu25a0u25a0bull

u25a0 bullu25a0 bull

u25a0 231 raquo (When a hostile airplane is brought down within

-S

our 1 lines the corps in whose area it falls will fee rampsponsishy

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0) u25a0

u25a0 gt

ble for safeguard ing it-arid allofshy its contents until it is handed over to agent 3 of the air service through the array

corps to which the unit belongs The machine with all of i

its contents will be turneid overby the army corps to the

air service with the exception only of documents maps and

photographs which together with any prisoners or dead f

bodies willbe taken possession of by the intelligence

) Section for examination u25a0

x u25a0 u25a0 -

be

232 In case of -wounded prisoners it may at

u25a0 bull u25a0u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u25a0

necassary for the examination to be carried out by a

time$

corps other than the one in whose area the machine fell u25a0

u25a0u25a0 ishy u25a0 u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0 u25a0u25a0

this case the corps examining will notify the corps into

In

whampse area the machine fSGLI that it is carrying out the

examination so that the prisoners may not be worried by

repeated or unnecesszligary examinations

233 The corps- concerned will immediately notify

gt the nearest air mnit shy

fall of the machine

as well as army headquarters of the

On receiving information the squadron

Ogt

V

y

88

notifies air service headquarters through the proper channels

234 fsfoedi a hostile aviator is captured he will

be examined in detail at army headquarters Since however

it is important that he be examined in technical details

the air service willif they desire _y

send an officer to u25a0h~~l

be present at the examination and therefore should be

notified in advance A preliminary examination may be held

at corps headquarters to obtain identifications and informa

tion on other matters of urgent interest

235 Should one of our own airplanes fall in our

lines tha corp3 willbe responsible as laid down in parashy

graph 231 and the nearest unit will at once inform headshy

quarters army air service mentioning number type and

markings and giving any other information which may

assist in the identification of the machine

89

i

gtu25a0 )

i Chapter X3

RADIO INTELLIGENCE

u25a0 236 -The purpose of the radio intelligence is to obtain

i the fullest advantage of the signal service in the army in reshy

lation to intelligenc e

237 Radio intelligence comprises

(a) Establishing the location and movements of the r enemys field stations intercepting messages and forwarding

them to our troops

(b) Establishing the location and movements of hostile j

amp

airplanes using wireless and spotting for hostile artillery

intercepting their calls identifying the artillery groups with

wfiich they are working and establishing the shelling connectshy ions between them and -the targets in our lines raquou25a0

(c) The interception 1 interpretation and analysis of

the enemy s conversation picked up by our listening sets and

its dissemination to our own troops conce meet

X 235 In carrying out the foregoing the Radio Intelligence

Officer at army headquarters receives the reports and analyzes

the information obtajjied white the technical supervision and i i

maintenance of the equipment rests upon the signal corps

239 In order to assist Radio- Intelligence Officers and

sections in carrying out their work the following dutiea will

be performed by afficora iri the army corps and divisional inshy

telligence sections

r (a) Intorception froci groutod stations t The information

obtained from -the enemy a ground stations ill be transmitted

by Radio Intelligence Officersshy to- corps j^tsXligence seotions

) on daily ge port sheets which will-aid o contain nOtms aa to its

tactical significance and such other information as will be

needed to apply it This will be facilitated by the issue of

jnapa showing the enemys system of map references and co^ordi

90

nation Urgent andbull important information will be forwarded by

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0u25a0u25a0 1

the Radio Intelligence Officer by telephone or message as soon

as received The least possible delay should occur in notishyt

confyingy front line -troops of all information received which

cerns them

(b) Airplane intercepting station Wireless stations

willbe specially located for intercepting all signals sent

by hostile airplanes arid will issue them in a daily report on

the form specially provided Should the nature of an inter

oe pied message warrant immediate action the intelligence

officer will at onse inform the artillery information officer

of the corps artillery concerned In addition the airplane

intercept station will be responsible for the sending out of

rwarnings immediately when calls are heard ) (

The Artillery information Officer is responsible for

passing on the information received from the airplane intershy

cept station to the flash ranging sections - sound ranging

Vsections balloon companies and corps artillery observers in

the order named so that they may be prepared to locaie batteries

operating with the enemy s airplanes and warn the units con

cerned upon the receipt of a signalled target or co-ordinate

that may be shelled Effective results can only be obtained

by prompt and efficient team work between the army radio service

and the corps inforrgtmtioni officer and his agencies (

(c) iiistening-in sets Copies of daily reports from

listening-in sets willbe sent directly to division and corps

intelligence sections and through the latter to army -headquartshy

ers ampnd general headquarters

Any infringement of the instructions regarding the

use of signal communications near the front willbe severely

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0bull bull

dealt with by the divisional and corps officers concerned

Intercepted enemy signals or messages of immediate

tactical importance willbe communicated at once by the operatfr V

1 V

91

r

to the troops concerned t

As week1y Rad io Intelligcn cccc Summary will be prelaquo

pared by the army Radio Intelligence Officer and issued

by the intelligence section to those concernecL

92

i

Chapter 14

TOPOGRAPHICAL WORK

240 The typamps of maps to be issued and the tables

of distribution are determined by the operations section

with-the advice of (the intelligence section and published

in Instructions Concerning Maps- The supply and

distribution in accordance with the establ isbed regulations

is carried out by the intelligence section Waste of maps

mustbe avoided but sufficient replacement frust be provided

forloss and wear and tear As the map is frequently the

only intelligence information that reaches ddmpany and

platoori leaders in active operations staffs willnot retain

more than their allot ed portion for use or reserve at the

expense of the troops Units relieved in line or in an area

will turn over all maps and cartographic documents to the

organization relieving them Unless some other officer be

designated by the commanding of ficer this transfer willbe

supervised by the Intelligence Officer of the unit Intelligence

Officers of all units are responsible that the maps furnished them

for- distribution reach of ficers und troops for whom they are

intended

241 The intelligence service is responsible for the

interpretation accurate restitution and distribution of all

airplane phot ographe interpretation or ofThe determination

thpound character of objects is the duty of the information branch

the restitution or accurate location on the rpap the duty of

the topographical branch and the distribution is- effected

through intelligence distribution channel olaquo

242 The Assistant cbief of Staff GK2 at General

headquarters armies corps and divisions are responsible for

the topographic work reproduction 1 and map supply and

distribution within their units

93

v

I

243 The maps copyiid cartographic documents published

and distributed by the intelligence service are as follows

1 Base maps showing culture and topography

2 Battle map showing in addition to the above elements of the enemy defensive organizations whose existence

and location is definitely known

3 Intelligence or information maps showing the bull enemys

defensive organization as reported from intelligence

sources but not accurately located from photographs

schematic maps and diagrams of -tiie enemy s defensive

or offensive organization or theories maps or diagrams

showing organization or activity of the enemys

artillery

4raquo

Annotated aerial photographs either vertical or

s oblique relief maps and photographic reproductions)

panoramic photographs and sketches visibility studies

u26665u26665 Special ma pa rsketches and diagrams for all staff

sections and services showing plans of operation or

-friendly organizations

6raquo Maps diagrams and triangulatron data for map making

and for the- geodetic control and organisation of

artillery fire c

244 1)b3 preparation of base maps and making of

relief maps is performed under the direction of the intellishy

gence section General Headquarters vby a topographic battalioii -

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0 t

operating a bass printing plants This plant -willalso assist

the armieis in work beyond the limits of their mechanical

resources and personnels

the bulk topographical and reproduction245raquo- of the

work is concentrated in the army which alone has sufficient i

resources and personnel for itt Thcopy army willprepare and

publish maps and documents of the five latter classes named

above and in cases of emergency willprepare and publish baampe u25a0bullu25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0maps

- i f^-j

(u25a0

t

i

The army topographical sub-section is the authoritative judge

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0i u25a0

of the correctness of all maps and of the accuracy of all

locations by means of restitution In case of war of taoteeraent

or other circumstances requiring e centralization or incase of

the independent operation of a -corps the army may delegate all or

any of its duties to the corps and will reinforce the corps sectshy

ion with sufficient personnel and material to enable it to carry

out these duties The army will assist corps and divisions in the

reproduction of necessary worje beyond the limits of their resources

246 The army makes all geodetic and topographic surshy

u25a0u25a0veys within its area either for map making or for the organisation

or artillery fire It is necessary that the triangulation and geoshy

detic control throughout the whole army area be uniform arid that u25a0u25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0bull i all maps made by- any organization be in accordance with the general

system For the purpose of accomplishing this result the army topOgshy

raphical sub-section exercises technical supervision over all map |

making agencies within the army

247 The responsibility of the army topographical subshy

section for accurate mapping does not cease at the front line but

extends over rear areas In case of advance into territory not etc

curately mapped on the scale desired for Operation and intelligence

purposes the army topographical sub-section will proceed at once to

ttalce the necessary surveys and base maps under a comprehensive and

uniform plan determined by the intelligence section General Head bull

quarters This willnot prevent uitits from making such reconnaisshy

sances and surveys as are needed for their immediate use but copies

of such work will in all cases be turned in through the intellishygence officers of the respective units to the army topographical

battalion for use in compiling the final map

laquo-Cpound4t) base map even though inaccurate is better r

than no map at all and the principle must be followed of issuing

the best Dase map available and of- issuing corrections as frequentl

95

i

1

amps possible fitfrout waiting tW the preparation of the final ac -

u25a0 u25a0bull i

eurat-e map u25a0-u25a0u25a0 laquo

249 f Base map work Ik rftar areas or In ths enemy s

territory beyond the resources of the army may be taken ever by

General Headquarters or the array may be reinforced by personnel and

manorial from Genreg rat Headquarter^ aa the situation demands -

u25a0

250 Th army topographical battalion ltAoes type re

production for all units of the army

251 Tf^9 normal work of a corps topographical sab-section

is the preparation of int^lligsnccopy maps and special maps as describshy

ed in paragraphs three and five of the list of maps published by the

inteiligence service

The ccrP will in addition publish correctshy

ion sheets io battle maps and s end- copies to the army The corps

will distribute in accordance with instructions maps and docu-

zinents received from the army to the units under its comiriand In case

of independent operation of a corps it will assume all of the

functions of the army and will be suitably reinforced inmaterial

u25a0

ancl personnel fron the army topcgrapliipal- battlicn V

-252

-The division Topographical Cf fleet- f with the aid of

-the engineer Heigimental intelligence Officer and ])iisional 3ngineer

make such reconnaissances and surveys of the enemy^s and friendly

organizations as are necessary and forward the results to the corps u0084

intelligence section- The Division Topographic Officer pre parse- and

publishes intelligence rnape and sketches special maps and diagrams

for other staff sections Vlhen rvperatinginde-pandsntly the division

will be suitably re iuforcediir material and persannel from the

army topographical battalion

96

Chapter ls

WAR DEPARTMENT AND

GENERAL HEADQUARTERS INTELLIGENCE

254 Military intelligence includes all information

regarding thcopy enemys country which can be useful for waging

war more effectively This includes besides information

distinctly military in character geographic political and

economic information as well as information regarding enemys u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0 If

amp racial characteristics the labor situation agriculture

condition of railroads and in general anything which may

affect the direction of the war i

255 In a war of defense conducted within or ad jac

ent to our own borders most of the above information of a--

general nature will be collected compiled and disseminated

by the Military Intelligence Division of the General Staff

at the War Department In a war conducted on foreigii soil

the General Headquarters will be compbelled to have its own

sub-sections for dealing with such subjects as the enemys

political and economic situation as well as the situation

in allied and neutral countries in the vicinity of the theashy

)tre of war u25a0gt-u25a0u25a0

256 The pcrsonnel o f the Gene ral Headquarte rs intelli

gence will vary with the nature of the war its special conshy

u25a0 bull

ditions and the size of the army It will serve all armies

operating under its orders by keeping them informed regardshy

ing the enemy s order of battle his strategy and tactics

equipment and mate Vialu25a0u25a0 It can only do this effectively when

the general

staff intelligence sections of all lower units

are properly organized and of highly trained per-

sonnel and working in thorough harmony In addition to the

above the General Headquarters supplies data relating to the

theatre of war in the rear of the army zone in the form ofbull - j

area books railroad and road maps water maps study nf rear

97

217 Information under (a) and (c) is always ofI

immediate importance to diviiiregns and brigades 1 in the line

Information under (b) and $c) iiiaddition will often be

of importance to corps on the flanks Observers willbe

interviewed by the Branch Intelligence Officer as soon as

I possible after landing The Branch Intelligence Officer

I will then decide from his knowledge of the situation andI

u25a0

u25a0u25a0u25a0bullu25a0u25a0u25a0 ) u25a0u25a0u25a0

I of the information required by the army or corps what in

I of immediate importance u0084 find wiljsend lit out by the quickshy

est route

be through

which save in exceptional

corps or army headquarters

circumstances will (

In Order constantly to provide observers and pilots

with information as to what is wanted army and corps

intelligence sections will during active operations see

that the Branch Intelligence Officers are kept fully inform

Ed as to what is required as by this means the observers r

can report to best advantage v

218 Information of immediate tactical import anccopy

rhay if the situation warrants

to the troops concerned by the gt

it be

Branch

transmitted

Intelligence

directly

Officer

V

V and the

taken

Assistant Chief of Staff G-2 notified of the

action

219 laquo The Branch Eitellige^ce Officer willcarry

out the instructions

regarding the number

of the Assistant Chief of Staff G-2 lt

and distribution of photographs

including advance copies Copies of all photographs willbe

indexed and filed in the office of the Branch Jntelligence

Officer the corps Branch Intelligence Officer will study

and annotate the priority copies 4

importance

220 Artillery intormat ion if of immed iate

should be couraunicaied directly to the Artillery

Information Officer at artillery headquarters y otherwise

it willbe $ent in the normal way through the intelligence

85

opoundsctiont Copies of photographs of import ance from an

Artillery Informat ion Officer a -v-ieiNpBsuraquoi will be for gt ii

T u25a0warded directly to the offiss of the Artiilsry^Biformat ion

Officer concerned as quickly as possible u0084

2poundlraquo it is of the utmost importance that all

information be forwarded at ouce to array or corps head-f

quarters n order that the fullest uss may be made of it

At the same time -intelligence officers with air units must

remember that it is thqir duly to co-ope rat $ Mth and as sis iri eyenBrye yen8ry way -possible the internal organisation of the air

units by providing them with the information necessary to

their ivcopyrk u25a0bull bull

u25a0

u25a0

222 Briefly summarized gt the responsibility of the

Branch Intelligence Offic-er with army airu^ita as regards

the dissemination of information is as foilowai To isend all )u25a0

laquo

information obtained tb the Intelligehee section 6f the

general staff at army 1 headquarters gt excspt -that yhen informshy

ation d^ of immedi^tte tactical importance to army corps he

may forward it direct to the corps and notify army intcopyHi v

gence officer of his action

223 The Braiiah Intelligence Officer with the

corps air units- is similarly respot)sitve for the prompt

transmission of information tocorps intelligence section i

except that nmen inicrmatien is of immediate tactical iiaport

ance to lower taiits he may forwazd it direct to them and

notify the corjjs intelligence officer of his action (u25a0

86

)

bull

i

bull)

224 Branch Ihi^XligeJice Officers with air units

are responsible for keeping the unit commanders posted

with all information that will assist them in carrying on

u25a0their aerial work ~ )

2pound5 Delivery of priority photographs willbe

made to army corps and division dropping groyj(iis by airshy

plane The method by which Information willbe dropped by

liaispri patrols to army corpa and division headquarters

-or wherever it may be required willbe arranged by ihe r

respective intelligence sections of the army corps and

division general staffs

226 It is the duty of the intelligence officers

bull with adjoining air units whether attached to army or corps

headquarters^ to keep one another promptly informed on all

matters that may affect them from whatever source obtained

and to co-operate closely

227 Reports of all airplane reconnaissances will

be made by the Branch Intelligence Officer attached to an

airplane unit A copy ofthe report willbe sent also fo the

Chief of Air Service concerned

228laquo It is important that reports of railtray

activity should state definitely (a) where the trains are

observed (b) time at which observed (c) direction in which

they are going or if stationary Unless this is done one u25a0- s

train reported on subsequent occasions by the same reconshy

naissances may be mistaken for two separate trains

229 When train activity is normal kite balloon

sections detailed for the purpose will send reports three

times dailyor as the occasion may demand to the corps inshy

telligence section Ihen the activity is abnormal throughout the

day more- frequent reports should as muchbe made being summarized^ raquo

as possible Any unusual movements willbe telephoned at once

87

u25a0raquogt

X

to army headquarters and to any corps concerned jhen a

ft train is obsaryed within gim range it should be reported

Si-

at once to the heavy artillery groups concerned

230raquo Balloon observers report all movements seen

by them within) the enemy fs lines including troops trucks

wagons u0084v narrow and standard gauge railroad trains smoke l

hostile airplanes and everything that is of military

importance

telligence

This information is transmitted to the

section of the unit to which the balloon

in

is

attached for duty in addition to being reported to the

artillery u25a0 u25a0bullu25a0u25a0bull

u25a0 bullu25a0 bull

u25a0 231 raquo (When a hostile airplane is brought down within

-S

our 1 lines the corps in whose area it falls will fee rampsponsishy

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0) u25a0

u25a0 gt

ble for safeguard ing it-arid allofshy its contents until it is handed over to agent 3 of the air service through the array

corps to which the unit belongs The machine with all of i

its contents will be turneid overby the army corps to the

air service with the exception only of documents maps and

photographs which together with any prisoners or dead f

bodies willbe taken possession of by the intelligence

) Section for examination u25a0

x u25a0 u25a0 -

be

232 In case of -wounded prisoners it may at

u25a0 bull u25a0u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u25a0

necassary for the examination to be carried out by a

time$

corps other than the one in whose area the machine fell u25a0

u25a0u25a0 ishy u25a0 u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0 u25a0u25a0

this case the corps examining will notify the corps into

In

whampse area the machine fSGLI that it is carrying out the

examination so that the prisoners may not be worried by

repeated or unnecesszligary examinations

233 The corps- concerned will immediately notify

gt the nearest air mnit shy

fall of the machine

as well as army headquarters of the

On receiving information the squadron

Ogt

V

y

88

notifies air service headquarters through the proper channels

234 fsfoedi a hostile aviator is captured he will

be examined in detail at army headquarters Since however

it is important that he be examined in technical details

the air service willif they desire _y

send an officer to u25a0h~~l

be present at the examination and therefore should be

notified in advance A preliminary examination may be held

at corps headquarters to obtain identifications and informa

tion on other matters of urgent interest

235 Should one of our own airplanes fall in our

lines tha corp3 willbe responsible as laid down in parashy

graph 231 and the nearest unit will at once inform headshy

quarters army air service mentioning number type and

markings and giving any other information which may

assist in the identification of the machine

89

i

gtu25a0 )

i Chapter X3

RADIO INTELLIGENCE

u25a0 236 -The purpose of the radio intelligence is to obtain

i the fullest advantage of the signal service in the army in reshy

lation to intelligenc e

237 Radio intelligence comprises

(a) Establishing the location and movements of the r enemys field stations intercepting messages and forwarding

them to our troops

(b) Establishing the location and movements of hostile j

amp

airplanes using wireless and spotting for hostile artillery

intercepting their calls identifying the artillery groups with

wfiich they are working and establishing the shelling connectshy ions between them and -the targets in our lines raquou25a0

(c) The interception 1 interpretation and analysis of

the enemy s conversation picked up by our listening sets and

its dissemination to our own troops conce meet

X 235 In carrying out the foregoing the Radio Intelligence

Officer at army headquarters receives the reports and analyzes

the information obtajjied white the technical supervision and i i

maintenance of the equipment rests upon the signal corps

239 In order to assist Radio- Intelligence Officers and

sections in carrying out their work the following dutiea will

be performed by afficora iri the army corps and divisional inshy

telligence sections

r (a) Intorception froci groutod stations t The information

obtained from -the enemy a ground stations ill be transmitted

by Radio Intelligence Officersshy to- corps j^tsXligence seotions

) on daily ge port sheets which will-aid o contain nOtms aa to its

tactical significance and such other information as will be

needed to apply it This will be facilitated by the issue of

jnapa showing the enemys system of map references and co^ordi

90

nation Urgent andbull important information will be forwarded by

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0u25a0u25a0 1

the Radio Intelligence Officer by telephone or message as soon

as received The least possible delay should occur in notishyt

confyingy front line -troops of all information received which

cerns them

(b) Airplane intercepting station Wireless stations

willbe specially located for intercepting all signals sent

by hostile airplanes arid will issue them in a daily report on

the form specially provided Should the nature of an inter

oe pied message warrant immediate action the intelligence

officer will at onse inform the artillery information officer

of the corps artillery concerned In addition the airplane

intercept station will be responsible for the sending out of

rwarnings immediately when calls are heard ) (

The Artillery information Officer is responsible for

passing on the information received from the airplane intershy

cept station to the flash ranging sections - sound ranging

Vsections balloon companies and corps artillery observers in

the order named so that they may be prepared to locaie batteries

operating with the enemy s airplanes and warn the units con

cerned upon the receipt of a signalled target or co-ordinate

that may be shelled Effective results can only be obtained

by prompt and efficient team work between the army radio service

and the corps inforrgtmtioni officer and his agencies (

(c) iiistening-in sets Copies of daily reports from

listening-in sets willbe sent directly to division and corps

intelligence sections and through the latter to army -headquartshy

ers ampnd general headquarters

Any infringement of the instructions regarding the

use of signal communications near the front willbe severely

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0bull bull

dealt with by the divisional and corps officers concerned

Intercepted enemy signals or messages of immediate

tactical importance willbe communicated at once by the operatfr V

1 V

91

r

to the troops concerned t

As week1y Rad io Intelligcn cccc Summary will be prelaquo

pared by the army Radio Intelligence Officer and issued

by the intelligence section to those concernecL

92

i

Chapter 14

TOPOGRAPHICAL WORK

240 The typamps of maps to be issued and the tables

of distribution are determined by the operations section

with-the advice of (the intelligence section and published

in Instructions Concerning Maps- The supply and

distribution in accordance with the establ isbed regulations

is carried out by the intelligence section Waste of maps

mustbe avoided but sufficient replacement frust be provided

forloss and wear and tear As the map is frequently the

only intelligence information that reaches ddmpany and

platoori leaders in active operations staffs willnot retain

more than their allot ed portion for use or reserve at the

expense of the troops Units relieved in line or in an area

will turn over all maps and cartographic documents to the

organization relieving them Unless some other officer be

designated by the commanding of ficer this transfer willbe

supervised by the Intelligence Officer of the unit Intelligence

Officers of all units are responsible that the maps furnished them

for- distribution reach of ficers und troops for whom they are

intended

241 The intelligence service is responsible for the

interpretation accurate restitution and distribution of all

airplane phot ographe interpretation or ofThe determination

thpound character of objects is the duty of the information branch

the restitution or accurate location on the rpap the duty of

the topographical branch and the distribution is- effected

through intelligence distribution channel olaquo

242 The Assistant cbief of Staff GK2 at General

headquarters armies corps and divisions are responsible for

the topographic work reproduction 1 and map supply and

distribution within their units

93

v

I

243 The maps copyiid cartographic documents published

and distributed by the intelligence service are as follows

1 Base maps showing culture and topography

2 Battle map showing in addition to the above elements of the enemy defensive organizations whose existence

and location is definitely known

3 Intelligence or information maps showing the bull enemys

defensive organization as reported from intelligence

sources but not accurately located from photographs

schematic maps and diagrams of -tiie enemy s defensive

or offensive organization or theories maps or diagrams

showing organization or activity of the enemys

artillery

4raquo

Annotated aerial photographs either vertical or

s oblique relief maps and photographic reproductions)

panoramic photographs and sketches visibility studies

u26665u26665 Special ma pa rsketches and diagrams for all staff

sections and services showing plans of operation or

-friendly organizations

6raquo Maps diagrams and triangulatron data for map making

and for the- geodetic control and organisation of

artillery fire c

244 1)b3 preparation of base maps and making of

relief maps is performed under the direction of the intellishy

gence section General Headquarters vby a topographic battalioii -

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0 t

operating a bass printing plants This plant -willalso assist

the armieis in work beyond the limits of their mechanical

resources and personnels

the bulk topographical and reproduction245raquo- of the

work is concentrated in the army which alone has sufficient i

resources and personnel for itt Thcopy army willprepare and

publish maps and documents of the five latter classes named

above and in cases of emergency willprepare and publish baampe u25a0bullu25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0maps

- i f^-j

(u25a0

t

i

The army topographical sub-section is the authoritative judge

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0i u25a0

of the correctness of all maps and of the accuracy of all

locations by means of restitution In case of war of taoteeraent

or other circumstances requiring e centralization or incase of

the independent operation of a -corps the army may delegate all or

any of its duties to the corps and will reinforce the corps sectshy

ion with sufficient personnel and material to enable it to carry

out these duties The army will assist corps and divisions in the

reproduction of necessary worje beyond the limits of their resources

246 The army makes all geodetic and topographic surshy

u25a0u25a0veys within its area either for map making or for the organisation

or artillery fire It is necessary that the triangulation and geoshy

detic control throughout the whole army area be uniform arid that u25a0u25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0bull i all maps made by- any organization be in accordance with the general

system For the purpose of accomplishing this result the army topOgshy

raphical sub-section exercises technical supervision over all map |

making agencies within the army

247 The responsibility of the army topographical subshy

section for accurate mapping does not cease at the front line but

extends over rear areas In case of advance into territory not etc

curately mapped on the scale desired for Operation and intelligence

purposes the army topographical sub-section will proceed at once to

ttalce the necessary surveys and base maps under a comprehensive and

uniform plan determined by the intelligence section General Head bull

quarters This willnot prevent uitits from making such reconnaisshy

sances and surveys as are needed for their immediate use but copies

of such work will in all cases be turned in through the intellishygence officers of the respective units to the army topographical

battalion for use in compiling the final map

laquo-Cpound4t) base map even though inaccurate is better r

than no map at all and the principle must be followed of issuing

the best Dase map available and of- issuing corrections as frequentl

95

i

1

amps possible fitfrout waiting tW the preparation of the final ac -

u25a0 u25a0bull i

eurat-e map u25a0-u25a0u25a0 laquo

249 f Base map work Ik rftar areas or In ths enemy s

territory beyond the resources of the army may be taken ever by

General Headquarters or the array may be reinforced by personnel and

manorial from Genreg rat Headquarter^ aa the situation demands -

u25a0

250 Th army topographical battalion ltAoes type re

production for all units of the army

251 Tf^9 normal work of a corps topographical sab-section

is the preparation of int^lligsnccopy maps and special maps as describshy

ed in paragraphs three and five of the list of maps published by the

inteiligence service

The ccrP will in addition publish correctshy

ion sheets io battle maps and s end- copies to the army The corps

will distribute in accordance with instructions maps and docu-

zinents received from the army to the units under its comiriand In case

of independent operation of a corps it will assume all of the

functions of the army and will be suitably reinforced inmaterial

u25a0

ancl personnel fron the army topcgrapliipal- battlicn V

-252

-The division Topographical Cf fleet- f with the aid of

-the engineer Heigimental intelligence Officer and ])iisional 3ngineer

make such reconnaissances and surveys of the enemy^s and friendly

organizations as are necessary and forward the results to the corps u0084

intelligence section- The Division Topographic Officer pre parse- and

publishes intelligence rnape and sketches special maps and diagrams

for other staff sections Vlhen rvperatinginde-pandsntly the division

will be suitably re iuforcediir material and persannel from the

army topographical battalion

96

Chapter ls

WAR DEPARTMENT AND

GENERAL HEADQUARTERS INTELLIGENCE

254 Military intelligence includes all information

regarding thcopy enemys country which can be useful for waging

war more effectively This includes besides information

distinctly military in character geographic political and

economic information as well as information regarding enemys u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0 If

amp racial characteristics the labor situation agriculture

condition of railroads and in general anything which may

affect the direction of the war i

255 In a war of defense conducted within or ad jac

ent to our own borders most of the above information of a--

general nature will be collected compiled and disseminated

by the Military Intelligence Division of the General Staff

at the War Department In a war conducted on foreigii soil

the General Headquarters will be compbelled to have its own

sub-sections for dealing with such subjects as the enemys

political and economic situation as well as the situation

in allied and neutral countries in the vicinity of the theashy

)tre of war u25a0gt-u25a0u25a0

256 The pcrsonnel o f the Gene ral Headquarte rs intelli

gence will vary with the nature of the war its special conshy

u25a0 bull

ditions and the size of the army It will serve all armies

operating under its orders by keeping them informed regardshy

ing the enemy s order of battle his strategy and tactics

equipment and mate Vialu25a0u25a0 It can only do this effectively when

the general

staff intelligence sections of all lower units

are properly organized and of highly trained per-

sonnel and working in thorough harmony In addition to the

above the General Headquarters supplies data relating to the

theatre of war in the rear of the army zone in the form ofbull - j

area books railroad and road maps water maps study nf rear

97

opoundsctiont Copies of photographs of import ance from an

Artillery Informat ion Officer a -v-ieiNpBsuraquoi will be for gt ii

T u25a0warded directly to the offiss of the Artiilsry^Biformat ion

Officer concerned as quickly as possible u0084

2poundlraquo it is of the utmost importance that all

information be forwarded at ouce to array or corps head-f

quarters n order that the fullest uss may be made of it

At the same time -intelligence officers with air units must

remember that it is thqir duly to co-ope rat $ Mth and as sis iri eyenBrye yen8ry way -possible the internal organisation of the air

units by providing them with the information necessary to

their ivcopyrk u25a0bull bull

u25a0

u25a0

222 Briefly summarized gt the responsibility of the

Branch Intelligence Offic-er with army airu^ita as regards

the dissemination of information is as foilowai To isend all )u25a0

laquo

information obtained tb the Intelligehee section 6f the

general staff at army 1 headquarters gt excspt -that yhen informshy

ation d^ of immedi^tte tactical importance to army corps he

may forward it direct to the corps and notify army intcopyHi v

gence officer of his action

223 The Braiiah Intelligence Officer with the

corps air units- is similarly respot)sitve for the prompt

transmission of information tocorps intelligence section i

except that nmen inicrmatien is of immediate tactical iiaport

ance to lower taiits he may forwazd it direct to them and

notify the corjjs intelligence officer of his action (u25a0

86

)

bull

i

bull)

224 Branch Ihi^XligeJice Officers with air units

are responsible for keeping the unit commanders posted

with all information that will assist them in carrying on

u25a0their aerial work ~ )

2pound5 Delivery of priority photographs willbe

made to army corps and division dropping groyj(iis by airshy

plane The method by which Information willbe dropped by

liaispri patrols to army corpa and division headquarters

-or wherever it may be required willbe arranged by ihe r

respective intelligence sections of the army corps and

division general staffs

226 It is the duty of the intelligence officers

bull with adjoining air units whether attached to army or corps

headquarters^ to keep one another promptly informed on all

matters that may affect them from whatever source obtained

and to co-operate closely

227 Reports of all airplane reconnaissances will

be made by the Branch Intelligence Officer attached to an

airplane unit A copy ofthe report willbe sent also fo the

Chief of Air Service concerned

228laquo It is important that reports of railtray

activity should state definitely (a) where the trains are

observed (b) time at which observed (c) direction in which

they are going or if stationary Unless this is done one u25a0- s

train reported on subsequent occasions by the same reconshy

naissances may be mistaken for two separate trains

229 When train activity is normal kite balloon

sections detailed for the purpose will send reports three

times dailyor as the occasion may demand to the corps inshy

telligence section Ihen the activity is abnormal throughout the

day more- frequent reports should as muchbe made being summarized^ raquo

as possible Any unusual movements willbe telephoned at once

87

u25a0raquogt

X

to army headquarters and to any corps concerned jhen a

ft train is obsaryed within gim range it should be reported

Si-

at once to the heavy artillery groups concerned

230raquo Balloon observers report all movements seen

by them within) the enemy fs lines including troops trucks

wagons u0084v narrow and standard gauge railroad trains smoke l

hostile airplanes and everything that is of military

importance

telligence

This information is transmitted to the

section of the unit to which the balloon

in

is

attached for duty in addition to being reported to the

artillery u25a0 u25a0bullu25a0u25a0bull

u25a0 bullu25a0 bull

u25a0 231 raquo (When a hostile airplane is brought down within

-S

our 1 lines the corps in whose area it falls will fee rampsponsishy

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0) u25a0

u25a0 gt

ble for safeguard ing it-arid allofshy its contents until it is handed over to agent 3 of the air service through the array

corps to which the unit belongs The machine with all of i

its contents will be turneid overby the army corps to the

air service with the exception only of documents maps and

photographs which together with any prisoners or dead f

bodies willbe taken possession of by the intelligence

) Section for examination u25a0

x u25a0 u25a0 -

be

232 In case of -wounded prisoners it may at

u25a0 bull u25a0u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u25a0

necassary for the examination to be carried out by a

time$

corps other than the one in whose area the machine fell u25a0

u25a0u25a0 ishy u25a0 u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0 u25a0u25a0

this case the corps examining will notify the corps into

In

whampse area the machine fSGLI that it is carrying out the

examination so that the prisoners may not be worried by

repeated or unnecesszligary examinations

233 The corps- concerned will immediately notify

gt the nearest air mnit shy

fall of the machine

as well as army headquarters of the

On receiving information the squadron

Ogt

V

y

88

notifies air service headquarters through the proper channels

234 fsfoedi a hostile aviator is captured he will

be examined in detail at army headquarters Since however

it is important that he be examined in technical details

the air service willif they desire _y

send an officer to u25a0h~~l

be present at the examination and therefore should be

notified in advance A preliminary examination may be held

at corps headquarters to obtain identifications and informa

tion on other matters of urgent interest

235 Should one of our own airplanes fall in our

lines tha corp3 willbe responsible as laid down in parashy

graph 231 and the nearest unit will at once inform headshy

quarters army air service mentioning number type and

markings and giving any other information which may

assist in the identification of the machine

89

i

gtu25a0 )

i Chapter X3

RADIO INTELLIGENCE

u25a0 236 -The purpose of the radio intelligence is to obtain

i the fullest advantage of the signal service in the army in reshy

lation to intelligenc e

237 Radio intelligence comprises

(a) Establishing the location and movements of the r enemys field stations intercepting messages and forwarding

them to our troops

(b) Establishing the location and movements of hostile j

amp

airplanes using wireless and spotting for hostile artillery

intercepting their calls identifying the artillery groups with

wfiich they are working and establishing the shelling connectshy ions between them and -the targets in our lines raquou25a0

(c) The interception 1 interpretation and analysis of

the enemy s conversation picked up by our listening sets and

its dissemination to our own troops conce meet

X 235 In carrying out the foregoing the Radio Intelligence

Officer at army headquarters receives the reports and analyzes

the information obtajjied white the technical supervision and i i

maintenance of the equipment rests upon the signal corps

239 In order to assist Radio- Intelligence Officers and

sections in carrying out their work the following dutiea will

be performed by afficora iri the army corps and divisional inshy

telligence sections

r (a) Intorception froci groutod stations t The information

obtained from -the enemy a ground stations ill be transmitted

by Radio Intelligence Officersshy to- corps j^tsXligence seotions

) on daily ge port sheets which will-aid o contain nOtms aa to its

tactical significance and such other information as will be

needed to apply it This will be facilitated by the issue of

jnapa showing the enemys system of map references and co^ordi

90

nation Urgent andbull important information will be forwarded by

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0u25a0u25a0 1

the Radio Intelligence Officer by telephone or message as soon

as received The least possible delay should occur in notishyt

confyingy front line -troops of all information received which

cerns them

(b) Airplane intercepting station Wireless stations

willbe specially located for intercepting all signals sent

by hostile airplanes arid will issue them in a daily report on

the form specially provided Should the nature of an inter

oe pied message warrant immediate action the intelligence

officer will at onse inform the artillery information officer

of the corps artillery concerned In addition the airplane

intercept station will be responsible for the sending out of

rwarnings immediately when calls are heard ) (

The Artillery information Officer is responsible for

passing on the information received from the airplane intershy

cept station to the flash ranging sections - sound ranging

Vsections balloon companies and corps artillery observers in

the order named so that they may be prepared to locaie batteries

operating with the enemy s airplanes and warn the units con

cerned upon the receipt of a signalled target or co-ordinate

that may be shelled Effective results can only be obtained

by prompt and efficient team work between the army radio service

and the corps inforrgtmtioni officer and his agencies (

(c) iiistening-in sets Copies of daily reports from

listening-in sets willbe sent directly to division and corps

intelligence sections and through the latter to army -headquartshy

ers ampnd general headquarters

Any infringement of the instructions regarding the

use of signal communications near the front willbe severely

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0bull bull

dealt with by the divisional and corps officers concerned

Intercepted enemy signals or messages of immediate

tactical importance willbe communicated at once by the operatfr V

1 V

91

r

to the troops concerned t

As week1y Rad io Intelligcn cccc Summary will be prelaquo

pared by the army Radio Intelligence Officer and issued

by the intelligence section to those concernecL

92

i

Chapter 14

TOPOGRAPHICAL WORK

240 The typamps of maps to be issued and the tables

of distribution are determined by the operations section

with-the advice of (the intelligence section and published

in Instructions Concerning Maps- The supply and

distribution in accordance with the establ isbed regulations

is carried out by the intelligence section Waste of maps

mustbe avoided but sufficient replacement frust be provided

forloss and wear and tear As the map is frequently the

only intelligence information that reaches ddmpany and

platoori leaders in active operations staffs willnot retain

more than their allot ed portion for use or reserve at the

expense of the troops Units relieved in line or in an area

will turn over all maps and cartographic documents to the

organization relieving them Unless some other officer be

designated by the commanding of ficer this transfer willbe

supervised by the Intelligence Officer of the unit Intelligence

Officers of all units are responsible that the maps furnished them

for- distribution reach of ficers und troops for whom they are

intended

241 The intelligence service is responsible for the

interpretation accurate restitution and distribution of all

airplane phot ographe interpretation or ofThe determination

thpound character of objects is the duty of the information branch

the restitution or accurate location on the rpap the duty of

the topographical branch and the distribution is- effected

through intelligence distribution channel olaquo

242 The Assistant cbief of Staff GK2 at General

headquarters armies corps and divisions are responsible for

the topographic work reproduction 1 and map supply and

distribution within their units

93

v

I

243 The maps copyiid cartographic documents published

and distributed by the intelligence service are as follows

1 Base maps showing culture and topography

2 Battle map showing in addition to the above elements of the enemy defensive organizations whose existence

and location is definitely known

3 Intelligence or information maps showing the bull enemys

defensive organization as reported from intelligence

sources but not accurately located from photographs

schematic maps and diagrams of -tiie enemy s defensive

or offensive organization or theories maps or diagrams

showing organization or activity of the enemys

artillery

4raquo

Annotated aerial photographs either vertical or

s oblique relief maps and photographic reproductions)

panoramic photographs and sketches visibility studies

u26665u26665 Special ma pa rsketches and diagrams for all staff

sections and services showing plans of operation or

-friendly organizations

6raquo Maps diagrams and triangulatron data for map making

and for the- geodetic control and organisation of

artillery fire c

244 1)b3 preparation of base maps and making of

relief maps is performed under the direction of the intellishy

gence section General Headquarters vby a topographic battalioii -

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0 t

operating a bass printing plants This plant -willalso assist

the armieis in work beyond the limits of their mechanical

resources and personnels

the bulk topographical and reproduction245raquo- of the

work is concentrated in the army which alone has sufficient i

resources and personnel for itt Thcopy army willprepare and

publish maps and documents of the five latter classes named

above and in cases of emergency willprepare and publish baampe u25a0bullu25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0maps

- i f^-j

(u25a0

t

i

The army topographical sub-section is the authoritative judge

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0i u25a0

of the correctness of all maps and of the accuracy of all

locations by means of restitution In case of war of taoteeraent

or other circumstances requiring e centralization or incase of

the independent operation of a -corps the army may delegate all or

any of its duties to the corps and will reinforce the corps sectshy

ion with sufficient personnel and material to enable it to carry

out these duties The army will assist corps and divisions in the

reproduction of necessary worje beyond the limits of their resources

246 The army makes all geodetic and topographic surshy

u25a0u25a0veys within its area either for map making or for the organisation

or artillery fire It is necessary that the triangulation and geoshy

detic control throughout the whole army area be uniform arid that u25a0u25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0bull i all maps made by- any organization be in accordance with the general

system For the purpose of accomplishing this result the army topOgshy

raphical sub-section exercises technical supervision over all map |

making agencies within the army

247 The responsibility of the army topographical subshy

section for accurate mapping does not cease at the front line but

extends over rear areas In case of advance into territory not etc

curately mapped on the scale desired for Operation and intelligence

purposes the army topographical sub-section will proceed at once to

ttalce the necessary surveys and base maps under a comprehensive and

uniform plan determined by the intelligence section General Head bull

quarters This willnot prevent uitits from making such reconnaisshy

sances and surveys as are needed for their immediate use but copies

of such work will in all cases be turned in through the intellishygence officers of the respective units to the army topographical

battalion for use in compiling the final map

laquo-Cpound4t) base map even though inaccurate is better r

than no map at all and the principle must be followed of issuing

the best Dase map available and of- issuing corrections as frequentl

95

i

1

amps possible fitfrout waiting tW the preparation of the final ac -

u25a0 u25a0bull i

eurat-e map u25a0-u25a0u25a0 laquo

249 f Base map work Ik rftar areas or In ths enemy s

territory beyond the resources of the army may be taken ever by

General Headquarters or the array may be reinforced by personnel and

manorial from Genreg rat Headquarter^ aa the situation demands -

u25a0

250 Th army topographical battalion ltAoes type re

production for all units of the army

251 Tf^9 normal work of a corps topographical sab-section

is the preparation of int^lligsnccopy maps and special maps as describshy

ed in paragraphs three and five of the list of maps published by the

inteiligence service

The ccrP will in addition publish correctshy

ion sheets io battle maps and s end- copies to the army The corps

will distribute in accordance with instructions maps and docu-

zinents received from the army to the units under its comiriand In case

of independent operation of a corps it will assume all of the

functions of the army and will be suitably reinforced inmaterial

u25a0

ancl personnel fron the army topcgrapliipal- battlicn V

-252

-The division Topographical Cf fleet- f with the aid of

-the engineer Heigimental intelligence Officer and ])iisional 3ngineer

make such reconnaissances and surveys of the enemy^s and friendly

organizations as are necessary and forward the results to the corps u0084

intelligence section- The Division Topographic Officer pre parse- and

publishes intelligence rnape and sketches special maps and diagrams

for other staff sections Vlhen rvperatinginde-pandsntly the division

will be suitably re iuforcediir material and persannel from the

army topographical battalion

96

Chapter ls

WAR DEPARTMENT AND

GENERAL HEADQUARTERS INTELLIGENCE

254 Military intelligence includes all information

regarding thcopy enemys country which can be useful for waging

war more effectively This includes besides information

distinctly military in character geographic political and

economic information as well as information regarding enemys u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0 If

amp racial characteristics the labor situation agriculture

condition of railroads and in general anything which may

affect the direction of the war i

255 In a war of defense conducted within or ad jac

ent to our own borders most of the above information of a--

general nature will be collected compiled and disseminated

by the Military Intelligence Division of the General Staff

at the War Department In a war conducted on foreigii soil

the General Headquarters will be compbelled to have its own

sub-sections for dealing with such subjects as the enemys

political and economic situation as well as the situation

in allied and neutral countries in the vicinity of the theashy

)tre of war u25a0gt-u25a0u25a0

256 The pcrsonnel o f the Gene ral Headquarte rs intelli

gence will vary with the nature of the war its special conshy

u25a0 bull

ditions and the size of the army It will serve all armies

operating under its orders by keeping them informed regardshy

ing the enemy s order of battle his strategy and tactics

equipment and mate Vialu25a0u25a0 It can only do this effectively when

the general

staff intelligence sections of all lower units

are properly organized and of highly trained per-

sonnel and working in thorough harmony In addition to the

above the General Headquarters supplies data relating to the

theatre of war in the rear of the army zone in the form ofbull - j

area books railroad and road maps water maps study nf rear

97

224 Branch Ihi^XligeJice Officers with air units

are responsible for keeping the unit commanders posted

with all information that will assist them in carrying on

u25a0their aerial work ~ )

2pound5 Delivery of priority photographs willbe

made to army corps and division dropping groyj(iis by airshy

plane The method by which Information willbe dropped by

liaispri patrols to army corpa and division headquarters

-or wherever it may be required willbe arranged by ihe r

respective intelligence sections of the army corps and

division general staffs

226 It is the duty of the intelligence officers

bull with adjoining air units whether attached to army or corps

headquarters^ to keep one another promptly informed on all

matters that may affect them from whatever source obtained

and to co-operate closely

227 Reports of all airplane reconnaissances will

be made by the Branch Intelligence Officer attached to an

airplane unit A copy ofthe report willbe sent also fo the

Chief of Air Service concerned

228laquo It is important that reports of railtray

activity should state definitely (a) where the trains are

observed (b) time at which observed (c) direction in which

they are going or if stationary Unless this is done one u25a0- s

train reported on subsequent occasions by the same reconshy

naissances may be mistaken for two separate trains

229 When train activity is normal kite balloon

sections detailed for the purpose will send reports three

times dailyor as the occasion may demand to the corps inshy

telligence section Ihen the activity is abnormal throughout the

day more- frequent reports should as muchbe made being summarized^ raquo

as possible Any unusual movements willbe telephoned at once

87

u25a0raquogt

X

to army headquarters and to any corps concerned jhen a

ft train is obsaryed within gim range it should be reported

Si-

at once to the heavy artillery groups concerned

230raquo Balloon observers report all movements seen

by them within) the enemy fs lines including troops trucks

wagons u0084v narrow and standard gauge railroad trains smoke l

hostile airplanes and everything that is of military

importance

telligence

This information is transmitted to the

section of the unit to which the balloon

in

is

attached for duty in addition to being reported to the

artillery u25a0 u25a0bullu25a0u25a0bull

u25a0 bullu25a0 bull

u25a0 231 raquo (When a hostile airplane is brought down within

-S

our 1 lines the corps in whose area it falls will fee rampsponsishy

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0) u25a0

u25a0 gt

ble for safeguard ing it-arid allofshy its contents until it is handed over to agent 3 of the air service through the array

corps to which the unit belongs The machine with all of i

its contents will be turneid overby the army corps to the

air service with the exception only of documents maps and

photographs which together with any prisoners or dead f

bodies willbe taken possession of by the intelligence

) Section for examination u25a0

x u25a0 u25a0 -

be

232 In case of -wounded prisoners it may at

u25a0 bull u25a0u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u25a0

necassary for the examination to be carried out by a

time$

corps other than the one in whose area the machine fell u25a0

u25a0u25a0 ishy u25a0 u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0 u25a0u25a0

this case the corps examining will notify the corps into

In

whampse area the machine fSGLI that it is carrying out the

examination so that the prisoners may not be worried by

repeated or unnecesszligary examinations

233 The corps- concerned will immediately notify

gt the nearest air mnit shy

fall of the machine

as well as army headquarters of the

On receiving information the squadron

Ogt

V

y

88

notifies air service headquarters through the proper channels

234 fsfoedi a hostile aviator is captured he will

be examined in detail at army headquarters Since however

it is important that he be examined in technical details

the air service willif they desire _y

send an officer to u25a0h~~l

be present at the examination and therefore should be

notified in advance A preliminary examination may be held

at corps headquarters to obtain identifications and informa

tion on other matters of urgent interest

235 Should one of our own airplanes fall in our

lines tha corp3 willbe responsible as laid down in parashy

graph 231 and the nearest unit will at once inform headshy

quarters army air service mentioning number type and

markings and giving any other information which may

assist in the identification of the machine

89

i

gtu25a0 )

i Chapter X3

RADIO INTELLIGENCE

u25a0 236 -The purpose of the radio intelligence is to obtain

i the fullest advantage of the signal service in the army in reshy

lation to intelligenc e

237 Radio intelligence comprises

(a) Establishing the location and movements of the r enemys field stations intercepting messages and forwarding

them to our troops

(b) Establishing the location and movements of hostile j

amp

airplanes using wireless and spotting for hostile artillery

intercepting their calls identifying the artillery groups with

wfiich they are working and establishing the shelling connectshy ions between them and -the targets in our lines raquou25a0

(c) The interception 1 interpretation and analysis of

the enemy s conversation picked up by our listening sets and

its dissemination to our own troops conce meet

X 235 In carrying out the foregoing the Radio Intelligence

Officer at army headquarters receives the reports and analyzes

the information obtajjied white the technical supervision and i i

maintenance of the equipment rests upon the signal corps

239 In order to assist Radio- Intelligence Officers and

sections in carrying out their work the following dutiea will

be performed by afficora iri the army corps and divisional inshy

telligence sections

r (a) Intorception froci groutod stations t The information

obtained from -the enemy a ground stations ill be transmitted

by Radio Intelligence Officersshy to- corps j^tsXligence seotions

) on daily ge port sheets which will-aid o contain nOtms aa to its

tactical significance and such other information as will be

needed to apply it This will be facilitated by the issue of

jnapa showing the enemys system of map references and co^ordi

90

nation Urgent andbull important information will be forwarded by

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0u25a0u25a0 1

the Radio Intelligence Officer by telephone or message as soon

as received The least possible delay should occur in notishyt

confyingy front line -troops of all information received which

cerns them

(b) Airplane intercepting station Wireless stations

willbe specially located for intercepting all signals sent

by hostile airplanes arid will issue them in a daily report on

the form specially provided Should the nature of an inter

oe pied message warrant immediate action the intelligence

officer will at onse inform the artillery information officer

of the corps artillery concerned In addition the airplane

intercept station will be responsible for the sending out of

rwarnings immediately when calls are heard ) (

The Artillery information Officer is responsible for

passing on the information received from the airplane intershy

cept station to the flash ranging sections - sound ranging

Vsections balloon companies and corps artillery observers in

the order named so that they may be prepared to locaie batteries

operating with the enemy s airplanes and warn the units con

cerned upon the receipt of a signalled target or co-ordinate

that may be shelled Effective results can only be obtained

by prompt and efficient team work between the army radio service

and the corps inforrgtmtioni officer and his agencies (

(c) iiistening-in sets Copies of daily reports from

listening-in sets willbe sent directly to division and corps

intelligence sections and through the latter to army -headquartshy

ers ampnd general headquarters

Any infringement of the instructions regarding the

use of signal communications near the front willbe severely

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0bull bull

dealt with by the divisional and corps officers concerned

Intercepted enemy signals or messages of immediate

tactical importance willbe communicated at once by the operatfr V

1 V

91

r

to the troops concerned t

As week1y Rad io Intelligcn cccc Summary will be prelaquo

pared by the army Radio Intelligence Officer and issued

by the intelligence section to those concernecL

92

i

Chapter 14

TOPOGRAPHICAL WORK

240 The typamps of maps to be issued and the tables

of distribution are determined by the operations section

with-the advice of (the intelligence section and published

in Instructions Concerning Maps- The supply and

distribution in accordance with the establ isbed regulations

is carried out by the intelligence section Waste of maps

mustbe avoided but sufficient replacement frust be provided

forloss and wear and tear As the map is frequently the

only intelligence information that reaches ddmpany and

platoori leaders in active operations staffs willnot retain

more than their allot ed portion for use or reserve at the

expense of the troops Units relieved in line or in an area

will turn over all maps and cartographic documents to the

organization relieving them Unless some other officer be

designated by the commanding of ficer this transfer willbe

supervised by the Intelligence Officer of the unit Intelligence

Officers of all units are responsible that the maps furnished them

for- distribution reach of ficers und troops for whom they are

intended

241 The intelligence service is responsible for the

interpretation accurate restitution and distribution of all

airplane phot ographe interpretation or ofThe determination

thpound character of objects is the duty of the information branch

the restitution or accurate location on the rpap the duty of

the topographical branch and the distribution is- effected

through intelligence distribution channel olaquo

242 The Assistant cbief of Staff GK2 at General

headquarters armies corps and divisions are responsible for

the topographic work reproduction 1 and map supply and

distribution within their units

93

v

I

243 The maps copyiid cartographic documents published

and distributed by the intelligence service are as follows

1 Base maps showing culture and topography

2 Battle map showing in addition to the above elements of the enemy defensive organizations whose existence

and location is definitely known

3 Intelligence or information maps showing the bull enemys

defensive organization as reported from intelligence

sources but not accurately located from photographs

schematic maps and diagrams of -tiie enemy s defensive

or offensive organization or theories maps or diagrams

showing organization or activity of the enemys

artillery

4raquo

Annotated aerial photographs either vertical or

s oblique relief maps and photographic reproductions)

panoramic photographs and sketches visibility studies

u26665u26665 Special ma pa rsketches and diagrams for all staff

sections and services showing plans of operation or

-friendly organizations

6raquo Maps diagrams and triangulatron data for map making

and for the- geodetic control and organisation of

artillery fire c

244 1)b3 preparation of base maps and making of

relief maps is performed under the direction of the intellishy

gence section General Headquarters vby a topographic battalioii -

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0 t

operating a bass printing plants This plant -willalso assist

the armieis in work beyond the limits of their mechanical

resources and personnels

the bulk topographical and reproduction245raquo- of the

work is concentrated in the army which alone has sufficient i

resources and personnel for itt Thcopy army willprepare and

publish maps and documents of the five latter classes named

above and in cases of emergency willprepare and publish baampe u25a0bullu25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0maps

- i f^-j

(u25a0

t

i

The army topographical sub-section is the authoritative judge

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0i u25a0

of the correctness of all maps and of the accuracy of all

locations by means of restitution In case of war of taoteeraent

or other circumstances requiring e centralization or incase of

the independent operation of a -corps the army may delegate all or

any of its duties to the corps and will reinforce the corps sectshy

ion with sufficient personnel and material to enable it to carry

out these duties The army will assist corps and divisions in the

reproduction of necessary worje beyond the limits of their resources

246 The army makes all geodetic and topographic surshy

u25a0u25a0veys within its area either for map making or for the organisation

or artillery fire It is necessary that the triangulation and geoshy

detic control throughout the whole army area be uniform arid that u25a0u25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0bull i all maps made by- any organization be in accordance with the general

system For the purpose of accomplishing this result the army topOgshy

raphical sub-section exercises technical supervision over all map |

making agencies within the army

247 The responsibility of the army topographical subshy

section for accurate mapping does not cease at the front line but

extends over rear areas In case of advance into territory not etc

curately mapped on the scale desired for Operation and intelligence

purposes the army topographical sub-section will proceed at once to

ttalce the necessary surveys and base maps under a comprehensive and

uniform plan determined by the intelligence section General Head bull

quarters This willnot prevent uitits from making such reconnaisshy

sances and surveys as are needed for their immediate use but copies

of such work will in all cases be turned in through the intellishygence officers of the respective units to the army topographical

battalion for use in compiling the final map

laquo-Cpound4t) base map even though inaccurate is better r

than no map at all and the principle must be followed of issuing

the best Dase map available and of- issuing corrections as frequentl

95

i

1

amps possible fitfrout waiting tW the preparation of the final ac -

u25a0 u25a0bull i

eurat-e map u25a0-u25a0u25a0 laquo

249 f Base map work Ik rftar areas or In ths enemy s

territory beyond the resources of the army may be taken ever by

General Headquarters or the array may be reinforced by personnel and

manorial from Genreg rat Headquarter^ aa the situation demands -

u25a0

250 Th army topographical battalion ltAoes type re

production for all units of the army

251 Tf^9 normal work of a corps topographical sab-section

is the preparation of int^lligsnccopy maps and special maps as describshy

ed in paragraphs three and five of the list of maps published by the

inteiligence service

The ccrP will in addition publish correctshy

ion sheets io battle maps and s end- copies to the army The corps

will distribute in accordance with instructions maps and docu-

zinents received from the army to the units under its comiriand In case

of independent operation of a corps it will assume all of the

functions of the army and will be suitably reinforced inmaterial

u25a0

ancl personnel fron the army topcgrapliipal- battlicn V

-252

-The division Topographical Cf fleet- f with the aid of

-the engineer Heigimental intelligence Officer and ])iisional 3ngineer

make such reconnaissances and surveys of the enemy^s and friendly

organizations as are necessary and forward the results to the corps u0084

intelligence section- The Division Topographic Officer pre parse- and

publishes intelligence rnape and sketches special maps and diagrams

for other staff sections Vlhen rvperatinginde-pandsntly the division

will be suitably re iuforcediir material and persannel from the

army topographical battalion

96

Chapter ls

WAR DEPARTMENT AND

GENERAL HEADQUARTERS INTELLIGENCE

254 Military intelligence includes all information

regarding thcopy enemys country which can be useful for waging

war more effectively This includes besides information

distinctly military in character geographic political and

economic information as well as information regarding enemys u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0 If

amp racial characteristics the labor situation agriculture

condition of railroads and in general anything which may

affect the direction of the war i

255 In a war of defense conducted within or ad jac

ent to our own borders most of the above information of a--

general nature will be collected compiled and disseminated

by the Military Intelligence Division of the General Staff

at the War Department In a war conducted on foreigii soil

the General Headquarters will be compbelled to have its own

sub-sections for dealing with such subjects as the enemys

political and economic situation as well as the situation

in allied and neutral countries in the vicinity of the theashy

)tre of war u25a0gt-u25a0u25a0

256 The pcrsonnel o f the Gene ral Headquarte rs intelli

gence will vary with the nature of the war its special conshy

u25a0 bull

ditions and the size of the army It will serve all armies

operating under its orders by keeping them informed regardshy

ing the enemy s order of battle his strategy and tactics

equipment and mate Vialu25a0u25a0 It can only do this effectively when

the general

staff intelligence sections of all lower units

are properly organized and of highly trained per-

sonnel and working in thorough harmony In addition to the

above the General Headquarters supplies data relating to the

theatre of war in the rear of the army zone in the form ofbull - j

area books railroad and road maps water maps study nf rear

97

X

to army headquarters and to any corps concerned jhen a

ft train is obsaryed within gim range it should be reported

Si-

at once to the heavy artillery groups concerned

230raquo Balloon observers report all movements seen

by them within) the enemy fs lines including troops trucks

wagons u0084v narrow and standard gauge railroad trains smoke l

hostile airplanes and everything that is of military

importance

telligence

This information is transmitted to the

section of the unit to which the balloon

in

is

attached for duty in addition to being reported to the

artillery u25a0 u25a0bullu25a0u25a0bull

u25a0 bullu25a0 bull

u25a0 231 raquo (When a hostile airplane is brought down within

-S

our 1 lines the corps in whose area it falls will fee rampsponsishy

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0) u25a0

u25a0 gt

ble for safeguard ing it-arid allofshy its contents until it is handed over to agent 3 of the air service through the array

corps to which the unit belongs The machine with all of i

its contents will be turneid overby the army corps to the

air service with the exception only of documents maps and

photographs which together with any prisoners or dead f

bodies willbe taken possession of by the intelligence

) Section for examination u25a0

x u25a0 u25a0 -

be

232 In case of -wounded prisoners it may at

u25a0 bull u25a0u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u25a0

necassary for the examination to be carried out by a

time$

corps other than the one in whose area the machine fell u25a0

u25a0u25a0 ishy u25a0 u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0 u25a0u25a0

this case the corps examining will notify the corps into

In

whampse area the machine fSGLI that it is carrying out the

examination so that the prisoners may not be worried by

repeated or unnecesszligary examinations

233 The corps- concerned will immediately notify

gt the nearest air mnit shy

fall of the machine

as well as army headquarters of the

On receiving information the squadron

Ogt

V

y

88

notifies air service headquarters through the proper channels

234 fsfoedi a hostile aviator is captured he will

be examined in detail at army headquarters Since however

it is important that he be examined in technical details

the air service willif they desire _y

send an officer to u25a0h~~l

be present at the examination and therefore should be

notified in advance A preliminary examination may be held

at corps headquarters to obtain identifications and informa

tion on other matters of urgent interest

235 Should one of our own airplanes fall in our

lines tha corp3 willbe responsible as laid down in parashy

graph 231 and the nearest unit will at once inform headshy

quarters army air service mentioning number type and

markings and giving any other information which may

assist in the identification of the machine

89

i

gtu25a0 )

i Chapter X3

RADIO INTELLIGENCE

u25a0 236 -The purpose of the radio intelligence is to obtain

i the fullest advantage of the signal service in the army in reshy

lation to intelligenc e

237 Radio intelligence comprises

(a) Establishing the location and movements of the r enemys field stations intercepting messages and forwarding

them to our troops

(b) Establishing the location and movements of hostile j

amp

airplanes using wireless and spotting for hostile artillery

intercepting their calls identifying the artillery groups with

wfiich they are working and establishing the shelling connectshy ions between them and -the targets in our lines raquou25a0

(c) The interception 1 interpretation and analysis of

the enemy s conversation picked up by our listening sets and

its dissemination to our own troops conce meet

X 235 In carrying out the foregoing the Radio Intelligence

Officer at army headquarters receives the reports and analyzes

the information obtajjied white the technical supervision and i i

maintenance of the equipment rests upon the signal corps

239 In order to assist Radio- Intelligence Officers and

sections in carrying out their work the following dutiea will

be performed by afficora iri the army corps and divisional inshy

telligence sections

r (a) Intorception froci groutod stations t The information

obtained from -the enemy a ground stations ill be transmitted

by Radio Intelligence Officersshy to- corps j^tsXligence seotions

) on daily ge port sheets which will-aid o contain nOtms aa to its

tactical significance and such other information as will be

needed to apply it This will be facilitated by the issue of

jnapa showing the enemys system of map references and co^ordi

90

nation Urgent andbull important information will be forwarded by

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0u25a0u25a0 1

the Radio Intelligence Officer by telephone or message as soon

as received The least possible delay should occur in notishyt

confyingy front line -troops of all information received which

cerns them

(b) Airplane intercepting station Wireless stations

willbe specially located for intercepting all signals sent

by hostile airplanes arid will issue them in a daily report on

the form specially provided Should the nature of an inter

oe pied message warrant immediate action the intelligence

officer will at onse inform the artillery information officer

of the corps artillery concerned In addition the airplane

intercept station will be responsible for the sending out of

rwarnings immediately when calls are heard ) (

The Artillery information Officer is responsible for

passing on the information received from the airplane intershy

cept station to the flash ranging sections - sound ranging

Vsections balloon companies and corps artillery observers in

the order named so that they may be prepared to locaie batteries

operating with the enemy s airplanes and warn the units con

cerned upon the receipt of a signalled target or co-ordinate

that may be shelled Effective results can only be obtained

by prompt and efficient team work between the army radio service

and the corps inforrgtmtioni officer and his agencies (

(c) iiistening-in sets Copies of daily reports from

listening-in sets willbe sent directly to division and corps

intelligence sections and through the latter to army -headquartshy

ers ampnd general headquarters

Any infringement of the instructions regarding the

use of signal communications near the front willbe severely

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0bull bull

dealt with by the divisional and corps officers concerned

Intercepted enemy signals or messages of immediate

tactical importance willbe communicated at once by the operatfr V

1 V

91

r

to the troops concerned t

As week1y Rad io Intelligcn cccc Summary will be prelaquo

pared by the army Radio Intelligence Officer and issued

by the intelligence section to those concernecL

92

i

Chapter 14

TOPOGRAPHICAL WORK

240 The typamps of maps to be issued and the tables

of distribution are determined by the operations section

with-the advice of (the intelligence section and published

in Instructions Concerning Maps- The supply and

distribution in accordance with the establ isbed regulations

is carried out by the intelligence section Waste of maps

mustbe avoided but sufficient replacement frust be provided

forloss and wear and tear As the map is frequently the

only intelligence information that reaches ddmpany and

platoori leaders in active operations staffs willnot retain

more than their allot ed portion for use or reserve at the

expense of the troops Units relieved in line or in an area

will turn over all maps and cartographic documents to the

organization relieving them Unless some other officer be

designated by the commanding of ficer this transfer willbe

supervised by the Intelligence Officer of the unit Intelligence

Officers of all units are responsible that the maps furnished them

for- distribution reach of ficers und troops for whom they are

intended

241 The intelligence service is responsible for the

interpretation accurate restitution and distribution of all

airplane phot ographe interpretation or ofThe determination

thpound character of objects is the duty of the information branch

the restitution or accurate location on the rpap the duty of

the topographical branch and the distribution is- effected

through intelligence distribution channel olaquo

242 The Assistant cbief of Staff GK2 at General

headquarters armies corps and divisions are responsible for

the topographic work reproduction 1 and map supply and

distribution within their units

93

v

I

243 The maps copyiid cartographic documents published

and distributed by the intelligence service are as follows

1 Base maps showing culture and topography

2 Battle map showing in addition to the above elements of the enemy defensive organizations whose existence

and location is definitely known

3 Intelligence or information maps showing the bull enemys

defensive organization as reported from intelligence

sources but not accurately located from photographs

schematic maps and diagrams of -tiie enemy s defensive

or offensive organization or theories maps or diagrams

showing organization or activity of the enemys

artillery

4raquo

Annotated aerial photographs either vertical or

s oblique relief maps and photographic reproductions)

panoramic photographs and sketches visibility studies

u26665u26665 Special ma pa rsketches and diagrams for all staff

sections and services showing plans of operation or

-friendly organizations

6raquo Maps diagrams and triangulatron data for map making

and for the- geodetic control and organisation of

artillery fire c

244 1)b3 preparation of base maps and making of

relief maps is performed under the direction of the intellishy

gence section General Headquarters vby a topographic battalioii -

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0 t

operating a bass printing plants This plant -willalso assist

the armieis in work beyond the limits of their mechanical

resources and personnels

the bulk topographical and reproduction245raquo- of the

work is concentrated in the army which alone has sufficient i

resources and personnel for itt Thcopy army willprepare and

publish maps and documents of the five latter classes named

above and in cases of emergency willprepare and publish baampe u25a0bullu25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0maps

- i f^-j

(u25a0

t

i

The army topographical sub-section is the authoritative judge

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0i u25a0

of the correctness of all maps and of the accuracy of all

locations by means of restitution In case of war of taoteeraent

or other circumstances requiring e centralization or incase of

the independent operation of a -corps the army may delegate all or

any of its duties to the corps and will reinforce the corps sectshy

ion with sufficient personnel and material to enable it to carry

out these duties The army will assist corps and divisions in the

reproduction of necessary worje beyond the limits of their resources

246 The army makes all geodetic and topographic surshy

u25a0u25a0veys within its area either for map making or for the organisation

or artillery fire It is necessary that the triangulation and geoshy

detic control throughout the whole army area be uniform arid that u25a0u25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0bull i all maps made by- any organization be in accordance with the general

system For the purpose of accomplishing this result the army topOgshy

raphical sub-section exercises technical supervision over all map |

making agencies within the army

247 The responsibility of the army topographical subshy

section for accurate mapping does not cease at the front line but

extends over rear areas In case of advance into territory not etc

curately mapped on the scale desired for Operation and intelligence

purposes the army topographical sub-section will proceed at once to

ttalce the necessary surveys and base maps under a comprehensive and

uniform plan determined by the intelligence section General Head bull

quarters This willnot prevent uitits from making such reconnaisshy

sances and surveys as are needed for their immediate use but copies

of such work will in all cases be turned in through the intellishygence officers of the respective units to the army topographical

battalion for use in compiling the final map

laquo-Cpound4t) base map even though inaccurate is better r

than no map at all and the principle must be followed of issuing

the best Dase map available and of- issuing corrections as frequentl

95

i

1

amps possible fitfrout waiting tW the preparation of the final ac -

u25a0 u25a0bull i

eurat-e map u25a0-u25a0u25a0 laquo

249 f Base map work Ik rftar areas or In ths enemy s

territory beyond the resources of the army may be taken ever by

General Headquarters or the array may be reinforced by personnel and

manorial from Genreg rat Headquarter^ aa the situation demands -

u25a0

250 Th army topographical battalion ltAoes type re

production for all units of the army

251 Tf^9 normal work of a corps topographical sab-section

is the preparation of int^lligsnccopy maps and special maps as describshy

ed in paragraphs three and five of the list of maps published by the

inteiligence service

The ccrP will in addition publish correctshy

ion sheets io battle maps and s end- copies to the army The corps

will distribute in accordance with instructions maps and docu-

zinents received from the army to the units under its comiriand In case

of independent operation of a corps it will assume all of the

functions of the army and will be suitably reinforced inmaterial

u25a0

ancl personnel fron the army topcgrapliipal- battlicn V

-252

-The division Topographical Cf fleet- f with the aid of

-the engineer Heigimental intelligence Officer and ])iisional 3ngineer

make such reconnaissances and surveys of the enemy^s and friendly

organizations as are necessary and forward the results to the corps u0084

intelligence section- The Division Topographic Officer pre parse- and

publishes intelligence rnape and sketches special maps and diagrams

for other staff sections Vlhen rvperatinginde-pandsntly the division

will be suitably re iuforcediir material and persannel from the

army topographical battalion

96

Chapter ls

WAR DEPARTMENT AND

GENERAL HEADQUARTERS INTELLIGENCE

254 Military intelligence includes all information

regarding thcopy enemys country which can be useful for waging

war more effectively This includes besides information

distinctly military in character geographic political and

economic information as well as information regarding enemys u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0 If

amp racial characteristics the labor situation agriculture

condition of railroads and in general anything which may

affect the direction of the war i

255 In a war of defense conducted within or ad jac

ent to our own borders most of the above information of a--

general nature will be collected compiled and disseminated

by the Military Intelligence Division of the General Staff

at the War Department In a war conducted on foreigii soil

the General Headquarters will be compbelled to have its own

sub-sections for dealing with such subjects as the enemys

political and economic situation as well as the situation

in allied and neutral countries in the vicinity of the theashy

)tre of war u25a0gt-u25a0u25a0

256 The pcrsonnel o f the Gene ral Headquarte rs intelli

gence will vary with the nature of the war its special conshy

u25a0 bull

ditions and the size of the army It will serve all armies

operating under its orders by keeping them informed regardshy

ing the enemy s order of battle his strategy and tactics

equipment and mate Vialu25a0u25a0 It can only do this effectively when

the general

staff intelligence sections of all lower units

are properly organized and of highly trained per-

sonnel and working in thorough harmony In addition to the

above the General Headquarters supplies data relating to the

theatre of war in the rear of the army zone in the form ofbull - j

area books railroad and road maps water maps study nf rear

97

notifies air service headquarters through the proper channels

234 fsfoedi a hostile aviator is captured he will

be examined in detail at army headquarters Since however

it is important that he be examined in technical details

the air service willif they desire _y

send an officer to u25a0h~~l

be present at the examination and therefore should be

notified in advance A preliminary examination may be held

at corps headquarters to obtain identifications and informa

tion on other matters of urgent interest

235 Should one of our own airplanes fall in our

lines tha corp3 willbe responsible as laid down in parashy

graph 231 and the nearest unit will at once inform headshy

quarters army air service mentioning number type and

markings and giving any other information which may

assist in the identification of the machine

89

i

gtu25a0 )

i Chapter X3

RADIO INTELLIGENCE

u25a0 236 -The purpose of the radio intelligence is to obtain

i the fullest advantage of the signal service in the army in reshy

lation to intelligenc e

237 Radio intelligence comprises

(a) Establishing the location and movements of the r enemys field stations intercepting messages and forwarding

them to our troops

(b) Establishing the location and movements of hostile j

amp

airplanes using wireless and spotting for hostile artillery

intercepting their calls identifying the artillery groups with

wfiich they are working and establishing the shelling connectshy ions between them and -the targets in our lines raquou25a0

(c) The interception 1 interpretation and analysis of

the enemy s conversation picked up by our listening sets and

its dissemination to our own troops conce meet

X 235 In carrying out the foregoing the Radio Intelligence

Officer at army headquarters receives the reports and analyzes

the information obtajjied white the technical supervision and i i

maintenance of the equipment rests upon the signal corps

239 In order to assist Radio- Intelligence Officers and

sections in carrying out their work the following dutiea will

be performed by afficora iri the army corps and divisional inshy

telligence sections

r (a) Intorception froci groutod stations t The information

obtained from -the enemy a ground stations ill be transmitted

by Radio Intelligence Officersshy to- corps j^tsXligence seotions

) on daily ge port sheets which will-aid o contain nOtms aa to its

tactical significance and such other information as will be

needed to apply it This will be facilitated by the issue of

jnapa showing the enemys system of map references and co^ordi

90

nation Urgent andbull important information will be forwarded by

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0u25a0u25a0 1

the Radio Intelligence Officer by telephone or message as soon

as received The least possible delay should occur in notishyt

confyingy front line -troops of all information received which

cerns them

(b) Airplane intercepting station Wireless stations

willbe specially located for intercepting all signals sent

by hostile airplanes arid will issue them in a daily report on

the form specially provided Should the nature of an inter

oe pied message warrant immediate action the intelligence

officer will at onse inform the artillery information officer

of the corps artillery concerned In addition the airplane

intercept station will be responsible for the sending out of

rwarnings immediately when calls are heard ) (

The Artillery information Officer is responsible for

passing on the information received from the airplane intershy

cept station to the flash ranging sections - sound ranging

Vsections balloon companies and corps artillery observers in

the order named so that they may be prepared to locaie batteries

operating with the enemy s airplanes and warn the units con

cerned upon the receipt of a signalled target or co-ordinate

that may be shelled Effective results can only be obtained

by prompt and efficient team work between the army radio service

and the corps inforrgtmtioni officer and his agencies (

(c) iiistening-in sets Copies of daily reports from

listening-in sets willbe sent directly to division and corps

intelligence sections and through the latter to army -headquartshy

ers ampnd general headquarters

Any infringement of the instructions regarding the

use of signal communications near the front willbe severely

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0bull bull

dealt with by the divisional and corps officers concerned

Intercepted enemy signals or messages of immediate

tactical importance willbe communicated at once by the operatfr V

1 V

91

r

to the troops concerned t

As week1y Rad io Intelligcn cccc Summary will be prelaquo

pared by the army Radio Intelligence Officer and issued

by the intelligence section to those concernecL

92

i

Chapter 14

TOPOGRAPHICAL WORK

240 The typamps of maps to be issued and the tables

of distribution are determined by the operations section

with-the advice of (the intelligence section and published

in Instructions Concerning Maps- The supply and

distribution in accordance with the establ isbed regulations

is carried out by the intelligence section Waste of maps

mustbe avoided but sufficient replacement frust be provided

forloss and wear and tear As the map is frequently the

only intelligence information that reaches ddmpany and

platoori leaders in active operations staffs willnot retain

more than their allot ed portion for use or reserve at the

expense of the troops Units relieved in line or in an area

will turn over all maps and cartographic documents to the

organization relieving them Unless some other officer be

designated by the commanding of ficer this transfer willbe

supervised by the Intelligence Officer of the unit Intelligence

Officers of all units are responsible that the maps furnished them

for- distribution reach of ficers und troops for whom they are

intended

241 The intelligence service is responsible for the

interpretation accurate restitution and distribution of all

airplane phot ographe interpretation or ofThe determination

thpound character of objects is the duty of the information branch

the restitution or accurate location on the rpap the duty of

the topographical branch and the distribution is- effected

through intelligence distribution channel olaquo

242 The Assistant cbief of Staff GK2 at General

headquarters armies corps and divisions are responsible for

the topographic work reproduction 1 and map supply and

distribution within their units

93

v

I

243 The maps copyiid cartographic documents published

and distributed by the intelligence service are as follows

1 Base maps showing culture and topography

2 Battle map showing in addition to the above elements of the enemy defensive organizations whose existence

and location is definitely known

3 Intelligence or information maps showing the bull enemys

defensive organization as reported from intelligence

sources but not accurately located from photographs

schematic maps and diagrams of -tiie enemy s defensive

or offensive organization or theories maps or diagrams

showing organization or activity of the enemys

artillery

4raquo

Annotated aerial photographs either vertical or

s oblique relief maps and photographic reproductions)

panoramic photographs and sketches visibility studies

u26665u26665 Special ma pa rsketches and diagrams for all staff

sections and services showing plans of operation or

-friendly organizations

6raquo Maps diagrams and triangulatron data for map making

and for the- geodetic control and organisation of

artillery fire c

244 1)b3 preparation of base maps and making of

relief maps is performed under the direction of the intellishy

gence section General Headquarters vby a topographic battalioii -

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0 t

operating a bass printing plants This plant -willalso assist

the armieis in work beyond the limits of their mechanical

resources and personnels

the bulk topographical and reproduction245raquo- of the

work is concentrated in the army which alone has sufficient i

resources and personnel for itt Thcopy army willprepare and

publish maps and documents of the five latter classes named

above and in cases of emergency willprepare and publish baampe u25a0bullu25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0maps

- i f^-j

(u25a0

t

i

The army topographical sub-section is the authoritative judge

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0i u25a0

of the correctness of all maps and of the accuracy of all

locations by means of restitution In case of war of taoteeraent

or other circumstances requiring e centralization or incase of

the independent operation of a -corps the army may delegate all or

any of its duties to the corps and will reinforce the corps sectshy

ion with sufficient personnel and material to enable it to carry

out these duties The army will assist corps and divisions in the

reproduction of necessary worje beyond the limits of their resources

246 The army makes all geodetic and topographic surshy

u25a0u25a0veys within its area either for map making or for the organisation

or artillery fire It is necessary that the triangulation and geoshy

detic control throughout the whole army area be uniform arid that u25a0u25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0bull i all maps made by- any organization be in accordance with the general

system For the purpose of accomplishing this result the army topOgshy

raphical sub-section exercises technical supervision over all map |

making agencies within the army

247 The responsibility of the army topographical subshy

section for accurate mapping does not cease at the front line but

extends over rear areas In case of advance into territory not etc

curately mapped on the scale desired for Operation and intelligence

purposes the army topographical sub-section will proceed at once to

ttalce the necessary surveys and base maps under a comprehensive and

uniform plan determined by the intelligence section General Head bull

quarters This willnot prevent uitits from making such reconnaisshy

sances and surveys as are needed for their immediate use but copies

of such work will in all cases be turned in through the intellishygence officers of the respective units to the army topographical

battalion for use in compiling the final map

laquo-Cpound4t) base map even though inaccurate is better r

than no map at all and the principle must be followed of issuing

the best Dase map available and of- issuing corrections as frequentl

95

i

1

amps possible fitfrout waiting tW the preparation of the final ac -

u25a0 u25a0bull i

eurat-e map u25a0-u25a0u25a0 laquo

249 f Base map work Ik rftar areas or In ths enemy s

territory beyond the resources of the army may be taken ever by

General Headquarters or the array may be reinforced by personnel and

manorial from Genreg rat Headquarter^ aa the situation demands -

u25a0

250 Th army topographical battalion ltAoes type re

production for all units of the army

251 Tf^9 normal work of a corps topographical sab-section

is the preparation of int^lligsnccopy maps and special maps as describshy

ed in paragraphs three and five of the list of maps published by the

inteiligence service

The ccrP will in addition publish correctshy

ion sheets io battle maps and s end- copies to the army The corps

will distribute in accordance with instructions maps and docu-

zinents received from the army to the units under its comiriand In case

of independent operation of a corps it will assume all of the

functions of the army and will be suitably reinforced inmaterial

u25a0

ancl personnel fron the army topcgrapliipal- battlicn V

-252

-The division Topographical Cf fleet- f with the aid of

-the engineer Heigimental intelligence Officer and ])iisional 3ngineer

make such reconnaissances and surveys of the enemy^s and friendly

organizations as are necessary and forward the results to the corps u0084

intelligence section- The Division Topographic Officer pre parse- and

publishes intelligence rnape and sketches special maps and diagrams

for other staff sections Vlhen rvperatinginde-pandsntly the division

will be suitably re iuforcediir material and persannel from the

army topographical battalion

96

Chapter ls

WAR DEPARTMENT AND

GENERAL HEADQUARTERS INTELLIGENCE

254 Military intelligence includes all information

regarding thcopy enemys country which can be useful for waging

war more effectively This includes besides information

distinctly military in character geographic political and

economic information as well as information regarding enemys u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0 If

amp racial characteristics the labor situation agriculture

condition of railroads and in general anything which may

affect the direction of the war i

255 In a war of defense conducted within or ad jac

ent to our own borders most of the above information of a--

general nature will be collected compiled and disseminated

by the Military Intelligence Division of the General Staff

at the War Department In a war conducted on foreigii soil

the General Headquarters will be compbelled to have its own

sub-sections for dealing with such subjects as the enemys

political and economic situation as well as the situation

in allied and neutral countries in the vicinity of the theashy

)tre of war u25a0gt-u25a0u25a0

256 The pcrsonnel o f the Gene ral Headquarte rs intelli

gence will vary with the nature of the war its special conshy

u25a0 bull

ditions and the size of the army It will serve all armies

operating under its orders by keeping them informed regardshy

ing the enemy s order of battle his strategy and tactics

equipment and mate Vialu25a0u25a0 It can only do this effectively when

the general

staff intelligence sections of all lower units

are properly organized and of highly trained per-

sonnel and working in thorough harmony In addition to the

above the General Headquarters supplies data relating to the

theatre of war in the rear of the army zone in the form ofbull - j

area books railroad and road maps water maps study nf rear

97

i Chapter X3

RADIO INTELLIGENCE

u25a0 236 -The purpose of the radio intelligence is to obtain

i the fullest advantage of the signal service in the army in reshy

lation to intelligenc e

237 Radio intelligence comprises

(a) Establishing the location and movements of the r enemys field stations intercepting messages and forwarding

them to our troops

(b) Establishing the location and movements of hostile j

amp

airplanes using wireless and spotting for hostile artillery

intercepting their calls identifying the artillery groups with

wfiich they are working and establishing the shelling connectshy ions between them and -the targets in our lines raquou25a0

(c) The interception 1 interpretation and analysis of

the enemy s conversation picked up by our listening sets and

its dissemination to our own troops conce meet

X 235 In carrying out the foregoing the Radio Intelligence

Officer at army headquarters receives the reports and analyzes

the information obtajjied white the technical supervision and i i

maintenance of the equipment rests upon the signal corps

239 In order to assist Radio- Intelligence Officers and

sections in carrying out their work the following dutiea will

be performed by afficora iri the army corps and divisional inshy

telligence sections

r (a) Intorception froci groutod stations t The information

obtained from -the enemy a ground stations ill be transmitted

by Radio Intelligence Officersshy to- corps j^tsXligence seotions

) on daily ge port sheets which will-aid o contain nOtms aa to its

tactical significance and such other information as will be

needed to apply it This will be facilitated by the issue of

jnapa showing the enemys system of map references and co^ordi

90

nation Urgent andbull important information will be forwarded by

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0u25a0u25a0 1

the Radio Intelligence Officer by telephone or message as soon

as received The least possible delay should occur in notishyt

confyingy front line -troops of all information received which

cerns them

(b) Airplane intercepting station Wireless stations

willbe specially located for intercepting all signals sent

by hostile airplanes arid will issue them in a daily report on

the form specially provided Should the nature of an inter

oe pied message warrant immediate action the intelligence

officer will at onse inform the artillery information officer

of the corps artillery concerned In addition the airplane

intercept station will be responsible for the sending out of

rwarnings immediately when calls are heard ) (

The Artillery information Officer is responsible for

passing on the information received from the airplane intershy

cept station to the flash ranging sections - sound ranging

Vsections balloon companies and corps artillery observers in

the order named so that they may be prepared to locaie batteries

operating with the enemy s airplanes and warn the units con

cerned upon the receipt of a signalled target or co-ordinate

that may be shelled Effective results can only be obtained

by prompt and efficient team work between the army radio service

and the corps inforrgtmtioni officer and his agencies (

(c) iiistening-in sets Copies of daily reports from

listening-in sets willbe sent directly to division and corps

intelligence sections and through the latter to army -headquartshy

ers ampnd general headquarters

Any infringement of the instructions regarding the

use of signal communications near the front willbe severely

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0bull bull

dealt with by the divisional and corps officers concerned

Intercepted enemy signals or messages of immediate

tactical importance willbe communicated at once by the operatfr V

1 V

91

r

to the troops concerned t

As week1y Rad io Intelligcn cccc Summary will be prelaquo

pared by the army Radio Intelligence Officer and issued

by the intelligence section to those concernecL

92

i

Chapter 14

TOPOGRAPHICAL WORK

240 The typamps of maps to be issued and the tables

of distribution are determined by the operations section

with-the advice of (the intelligence section and published

in Instructions Concerning Maps- The supply and

distribution in accordance with the establ isbed regulations

is carried out by the intelligence section Waste of maps

mustbe avoided but sufficient replacement frust be provided

forloss and wear and tear As the map is frequently the

only intelligence information that reaches ddmpany and

platoori leaders in active operations staffs willnot retain

more than their allot ed portion for use or reserve at the

expense of the troops Units relieved in line or in an area

will turn over all maps and cartographic documents to the

organization relieving them Unless some other officer be

designated by the commanding of ficer this transfer willbe

supervised by the Intelligence Officer of the unit Intelligence

Officers of all units are responsible that the maps furnished them

for- distribution reach of ficers und troops for whom they are

intended

241 The intelligence service is responsible for the

interpretation accurate restitution and distribution of all

airplane phot ographe interpretation or ofThe determination

thpound character of objects is the duty of the information branch

the restitution or accurate location on the rpap the duty of

the topographical branch and the distribution is- effected

through intelligence distribution channel olaquo

242 The Assistant cbief of Staff GK2 at General

headquarters armies corps and divisions are responsible for

the topographic work reproduction 1 and map supply and

distribution within their units

93

v

I

243 The maps copyiid cartographic documents published

and distributed by the intelligence service are as follows

1 Base maps showing culture and topography

2 Battle map showing in addition to the above elements of the enemy defensive organizations whose existence

and location is definitely known

3 Intelligence or information maps showing the bull enemys

defensive organization as reported from intelligence

sources but not accurately located from photographs

schematic maps and diagrams of -tiie enemy s defensive

or offensive organization or theories maps or diagrams

showing organization or activity of the enemys

artillery

4raquo

Annotated aerial photographs either vertical or

s oblique relief maps and photographic reproductions)

panoramic photographs and sketches visibility studies

u26665u26665 Special ma pa rsketches and diagrams for all staff

sections and services showing plans of operation or

-friendly organizations

6raquo Maps diagrams and triangulatron data for map making

and for the- geodetic control and organisation of

artillery fire c

244 1)b3 preparation of base maps and making of

relief maps is performed under the direction of the intellishy

gence section General Headquarters vby a topographic battalioii -

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0 t

operating a bass printing plants This plant -willalso assist

the armieis in work beyond the limits of their mechanical

resources and personnels

the bulk topographical and reproduction245raquo- of the

work is concentrated in the army which alone has sufficient i

resources and personnel for itt Thcopy army willprepare and

publish maps and documents of the five latter classes named

above and in cases of emergency willprepare and publish baampe u25a0bullu25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0maps

- i f^-j

(u25a0

t

i

The army topographical sub-section is the authoritative judge

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0i u25a0

of the correctness of all maps and of the accuracy of all

locations by means of restitution In case of war of taoteeraent

or other circumstances requiring e centralization or incase of

the independent operation of a -corps the army may delegate all or

any of its duties to the corps and will reinforce the corps sectshy

ion with sufficient personnel and material to enable it to carry

out these duties The army will assist corps and divisions in the

reproduction of necessary worje beyond the limits of their resources

246 The army makes all geodetic and topographic surshy

u25a0u25a0veys within its area either for map making or for the organisation

or artillery fire It is necessary that the triangulation and geoshy

detic control throughout the whole army area be uniform arid that u25a0u25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0bull i all maps made by- any organization be in accordance with the general

system For the purpose of accomplishing this result the army topOgshy

raphical sub-section exercises technical supervision over all map |

making agencies within the army

247 The responsibility of the army topographical subshy

section for accurate mapping does not cease at the front line but

extends over rear areas In case of advance into territory not etc

curately mapped on the scale desired for Operation and intelligence

purposes the army topographical sub-section will proceed at once to

ttalce the necessary surveys and base maps under a comprehensive and

uniform plan determined by the intelligence section General Head bull

quarters This willnot prevent uitits from making such reconnaisshy

sances and surveys as are needed for their immediate use but copies

of such work will in all cases be turned in through the intellishygence officers of the respective units to the army topographical

battalion for use in compiling the final map

laquo-Cpound4t) base map even though inaccurate is better r

than no map at all and the principle must be followed of issuing

the best Dase map available and of- issuing corrections as frequentl

95

i

1

amps possible fitfrout waiting tW the preparation of the final ac -

u25a0 u25a0bull i

eurat-e map u25a0-u25a0u25a0 laquo

249 f Base map work Ik rftar areas or In ths enemy s

territory beyond the resources of the army may be taken ever by

General Headquarters or the array may be reinforced by personnel and

manorial from Genreg rat Headquarter^ aa the situation demands -

u25a0

250 Th army topographical battalion ltAoes type re

production for all units of the army

251 Tf^9 normal work of a corps topographical sab-section

is the preparation of int^lligsnccopy maps and special maps as describshy

ed in paragraphs three and five of the list of maps published by the

inteiligence service

The ccrP will in addition publish correctshy

ion sheets io battle maps and s end- copies to the army The corps

will distribute in accordance with instructions maps and docu-

zinents received from the army to the units under its comiriand In case

of independent operation of a corps it will assume all of the

functions of the army and will be suitably reinforced inmaterial

u25a0

ancl personnel fron the army topcgrapliipal- battlicn V

-252

-The division Topographical Cf fleet- f with the aid of

-the engineer Heigimental intelligence Officer and ])iisional 3ngineer

make such reconnaissances and surveys of the enemy^s and friendly

organizations as are necessary and forward the results to the corps u0084

intelligence section- The Division Topographic Officer pre parse- and

publishes intelligence rnape and sketches special maps and diagrams

for other staff sections Vlhen rvperatinginde-pandsntly the division

will be suitably re iuforcediir material and persannel from the

army topographical battalion

96

Chapter ls

WAR DEPARTMENT AND

GENERAL HEADQUARTERS INTELLIGENCE

254 Military intelligence includes all information

regarding thcopy enemys country which can be useful for waging

war more effectively This includes besides information

distinctly military in character geographic political and

economic information as well as information regarding enemys u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0 If

amp racial characteristics the labor situation agriculture

condition of railroads and in general anything which may

affect the direction of the war i

255 In a war of defense conducted within or ad jac

ent to our own borders most of the above information of a--

general nature will be collected compiled and disseminated

by the Military Intelligence Division of the General Staff

at the War Department In a war conducted on foreigii soil

the General Headquarters will be compbelled to have its own

sub-sections for dealing with such subjects as the enemys

political and economic situation as well as the situation

in allied and neutral countries in the vicinity of the theashy

)tre of war u25a0gt-u25a0u25a0

256 The pcrsonnel o f the Gene ral Headquarte rs intelli

gence will vary with the nature of the war its special conshy

u25a0 bull

ditions and the size of the army It will serve all armies

operating under its orders by keeping them informed regardshy

ing the enemy s order of battle his strategy and tactics

equipment and mate Vialu25a0u25a0 It can only do this effectively when

the general

staff intelligence sections of all lower units

are properly organized and of highly trained per-

sonnel and working in thorough harmony In addition to the

above the General Headquarters supplies data relating to the

theatre of war in the rear of the army zone in the form ofbull - j

area books railroad and road maps water maps study nf rear

97

nation Urgent andbull important information will be forwarded by

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0u25a0u25a0 1

the Radio Intelligence Officer by telephone or message as soon

as received The least possible delay should occur in notishyt

confyingy front line -troops of all information received which

cerns them

(b) Airplane intercepting station Wireless stations

willbe specially located for intercepting all signals sent

by hostile airplanes arid will issue them in a daily report on

the form specially provided Should the nature of an inter

oe pied message warrant immediate action the intelligence

officer will at onse inform the artillery information officer

of the corps artillery concerned In addition the airplane

intercept station will be responsible for the sending out of

rwarnings immediately when calls are heard ) (

The Artillery information Officer is responsible for

passing on the information received from the airplane intershy

cept station to the flash ranging sections - sound ranging

Vsections balloon companies and corps artillery observers in

the order named so that they may be prepared to locaie batteries

operating with the enemy s airplanes and warn the units con

cerned upon the receipt of a signalled target or co-ordinate

that may be shelled Effective results can only be obtained

by prompt and efficient team work between the army radio service

and the corps inforrgtmtioni officer and his agencies (

(c) iiistening-in sets Copies of daily reports from

listening-in sets willbe sent directly to division and corps

intelligence sections and through the latter to army -headquartshy

ers ampnd general headquarters

Any infringement of the instructions regarding the

use of signal communications near the front willbe severely

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0bull bull

dealt with by the divisional and corps officers concerned

Intercepted enemy signals or messages of immediate

tactical importance willbe communicated at once by the operatfr V

1 V

91

r

to the troops concerned t

As week1y Rad io Intelligcn cccc Summary will be prelaquo

pared by the army Radio Intelligence Officer and issued

by the intelligence section to those concernecL

92

i

Chapter 14

TOPOGRAPHICAL WORK

240 The typamps of maps to be issued and the tables

of distribution are determined by the operations section

with-the advice of (the intelligence section and published

in Instructions Concerning Maps- The supply and

distribution in accordance with the establ isbed regulations

is carried out by the intelligence section Waste of maps

mustbe avoided but sufficient replacement frust be provided

forloss and wear and tear As the map is frequently the

only intelligence information that reaches ddmpany and

platoori leaders in active operations staffs willnot retain

more than their allot ed portion for use or reserve at the

expense of the troops Units relieved in line or in an area

will turn over all maps and cartographic documents to the

organization relieving them Unless some other officer be

designated by the commanding of ficer this transfer willbe

supervised by the Intelligence Officer of the unit Intelligence

Officers of all units are responsible that the maps furnished them

for- distribution reach of ficers und troops for whom they are

intended

241 The intelligence service is responsible for the

interpretation accurate restitution and distribution of all

airplane phot ographe interpretation or ofThe determination

thpound character of objects is the duty of the information branch

the restitution or accurate location on the rpap the duty of

the topographical branch and the distribution is- effected

through intelligence distribution channel olaquo

242 The Assistant cbief of Staff GK2 at General

headquarters armies corps and divisions are responsible for

the topographic work reproduction 1 and map supply and

distribution within their units

93

v

I

243 The maps copyiid cartographic documents published

and distributed by the intelligence service are as follows

1 Base maps showing culture and topography

2 Battle map showing in addition to the above elements of the enemy defensive organizations whose existence

and location is definitely known

3 Intelligence or information maps showing the bull enemys

defensive organization as reported from intelligence

sources but not accurately located from photographs

schematic maps and diagrams of -tiie enemy s defensive

or offensive organization or theories maps or diagrams

showing organization or activity of the enemys

artillery

4raquo

Annotated aerial photographs either vertical or

s oblique relief maps and photographic reproductions)

panoramic photographs and sketches visibility studies

u26665u26665 Special ma pa rsketches and diagrams for all staff

sections and services showing plans of operation or

-friendly organizations

6raquo Maps diagrams and triangulatron data for map making

and for the- geodetic control and organisation of

artillery fire c

244 1)b3 preparation of base maps and making of

relief maps is performed under the direction of the intellishy

gence section General Headquarters vby a topographic battalioii -

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0 t

operating a bass printing plants This plant -willalso assist

the armieis in work beyond the limits of their mechanical

resources and personnels

the bulk topographical and reproduction245raquo- of the

work is concentrated in the army which alone has sufficient i

resources and personnel for itt Thcopy army willprepare and

publish maps and documents of the five latter classes named

above and in cases of emergency willprepare and publish baampe u25a0bullu25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0maps

- i f^-j

(u25a0

t

i

The army topographical sub-section is the authoritative judge

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0i u25a0

of the correctness of all maps and of the accuracy of all

locations by means of restitution In case of war of taoteeraent

or other circumstances requiring e centralization or incase of

the independent operation of a -corps the army may delegate all or

any of its duties to the corps and will reinforce the corps sectshy

ion with sufficient personnel and material to enable it to carry

out these duties The army will assist corps and divisions in the

reproduction of necessary worje beyond the limits of their resources

246 The army makes all geodetic and topographic surshy

u25a0u25a0veys within its area either for map making or for the organisation

or artillery fire It is necessary that the triangulation and geoshy

detic control throughout the whole army area be uniform arid that u25a0u25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0bull i all maps made by- any organization be in accordance with the general

system For the purpose of accomplishing this result the army topOgshy

raphical sub-section exercises technical supervision over all map |

making agencies within the army

247 The responsibility of the army topographical subshy

section for accurate mapping does not cease at the front line but

extends over rear areas In case of advance into territory not etc

curately mapped on the scale desired for Operation and intelligence

purposes the army topographical sub-section will proceed at once to

ttalce the necessary surveys and base maps under a comprehensive and

uniform plan determined by the intelligence section General Head bull

quarters This willnot prevent uitits from making such reconnaisshy

sances and surveys as are needed for their immediate use but copies

of such work will in all cases be turned in through the intellishygence officers of the respective units to the army topographical

battalion for use in compiling the final map

laquo-Cpound4t) base map even though inaccurate is better r

than no map at all and the principle must be followed of issuing

the best Dase map available and of- issuing corrections as frequentl

95

i

1

amps possible fitfrout waiting tW the preparation of the final ac -

u25a0 u25a0bull i

eurat-e map u25a0-u25a0u25a0 laquo

249 f Base map work Ik rftar areas or In ths enemy s

territory beyond the resources of the army may be taken ever by

General Headquarters or the array may be reinforced by personnel and

manorial from Genreg rat Headquarter^ aa the situation demands -

u25a0

250 Th army topographical battalion ltAoes type re

production for all units of the army

251 Tf^9 normal work of a corps topographical sab-section

is the preparation of int^lligsnccopy maps and special maps as describshy

ed in paragraphs three and five of the list of maps published by the

inteiligence service

The ccrP will in addition publish correctshy

ion sheets io battle maps and s end- copies to the army The corps

will distribute in accordance with instructions maps and docu-

zinents received from the army to the units under its comiriand In case

of independent operation of a corps it will assume all of the

functions of the army and will be suitably reinforced inmaterial

u25a0

ancl personnel fron the army topcgrapliipal- battlicn V

-252

-The division Topographical Cf fleet- f with the aid of

-the engineer Heigimental intelligence Officer and ])iisional 3ngineer

make such reconnaissances and surveys of the enemy^s and friendly

organizations as are necessary and forward the results to the corps u0084

intelligence section- The Division Topographic Officer pre parse- and

publishes intelligence rnape and sketches special maps and diagrams

for other staff sections Vlhen rvperatinginde-pandsntly the division

will be suitably re iuforcediir material and persannel from the

army topographical battalion

96

Chapter ls

WAR DEPARTMENT AND

GENERAL HEADQUARTERS INTELLIGENCE

254 Military intelligence includes all information

regarding thcopy enemys country which can be useful for waging

war more effectively This includes besides information

distinctly military in character geographic political and

economic information as well as information regarding enemys u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0 If

amp racial characteristics the labor situation agriculture

condition of railroads and in general anything which may

affect the direction of the war i

255 In a war of defense conducted within or ad jac

ent to our own borders most of the above information of a--

general nature will be collected compiled and disseminated

by the Military Intelligence Division of the General Staff

at the War Department In a war conducted on foreigii soil

the General Headquarters will be compbelled to have its own

sub-sections for dealing with such subjects as the enemys

political and economic situation as well as the situation

in allied and neutral countries in the vicinity of the theashy

)tre of war u25a0gt-u25a0u25a0

256 The pcrsonnel o f the Gene ral Headquarte rs intelli

gence will vary with the nature of the war its special conshy

u25a0 bull

ditions and the size of the army It will serve all armies

operating under its orders by keeping them informed regardshy

ing the enemy s order of battle his strategy and tactics

equipment and mate Vialu25a0u25a0 It can only do this effectively when

the general

staff intelligence sections of all lower units

are properly organized and of highly trained per-

sonnel and working in thorough harmony In addition to the

above the General Headquarters supplies data relating to the

theatre of war in the rear of the army zone in the form ofbull - j

area books railroad and road maps water maps study nf rear

97

r

to the troops concerned t

As week1y Rad io Intelligcn cccc Summary will be prelaquo

pared by the army Radio Intelligence Officer and issued

by the intelligence section to those concernecL

92

i

Chapter 14

TOPOGRAPHICAL WORK

240 The typamps of maps to be issued and the tables

of distribution are determined by the operations section

with-the advice of (the intelligence section and published

in Instructions Concerning Maps- The supply and

distribution in accordance with the establ isbed regulations

is carried out by the intelligence section Waste of maps

mustbe avoided but sufficient replacement frust be provided

forloss and wear and tear As the map is frequently the

only intelligence information that reaches ddmpany and

platoori leaders in active operations staffs willnot retain

more than their allot ed portion for use or reserve at the

expense of the troops Units relieved in line or in an area

will turn over all maps and cartographic documents to the

organization relieving them Unless some other officer be

designated by the commanding of ficer this transfer willbe

supervised by the Intelligence Officer of the unit Intelligence

Officers of all units are responsible that the maps furnished them

for- distribution reach of ficers und troops for whom they are

intended

241 The intelligence service is responsible for the

interpretation accurate restitution and distribution of all

airplane phot ographe interpretation or ofThe determination

thpound character of objects is the duty of the information branch

the restitution or accurate location on the rpap the duty of

the topographical branch and the distribution is- effected

through intelligence distribution channel olaquo

242 The Assistant cbief of Staff GK2 at General

headquarters armies corps and divisions are responsible for

the topographic work reproduction 1 and map supply and

distribution within their units

93

v

I

243 The maps copyiid cartographic documents published

and distributed by the intelligence service are as follows

1 Base maps showing culture and topography

2 Battle map showing in addition to the above elements of the enemy defensive organizations whose existence

and location is definitely known

3 Intelligence or information maps showing the bull enemys

defensive organization as reported from intelligence

sources but not accurately located from photographs

schematic maps and diagrams of -tiie enemy s defensive

or offensive organization or theories maps or diagrams

showing organization or activity of the enemys

artillery

4raquo

Annotated aerial photographs either vertical or

s oblique relief maps and photographic reproductions)

panoramic photographs and sketches visibility studies

u26665u26665 Special ma pa rsketches and diagrams for all staff

sections and services showing plans of operation or

-friendly organizations

6raquo Maps diagrams and triangulatron data for map making

and for the- geodetic control and organisation of

artillery fire c

244 1)b3 preparation of base maps and making of

relief maps is performed under the direction of the intellishy

gence section General Headquarters vby a topographic battalioii -

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0 t

operating a bass printing plants This plant -willalso assist

the armieis in work beyond the limits of their mechanical

resources and personnels

the bulk topographical and reproduction245raquo- of the

work is concentrated in the army which alone has sufficient i

resources and personnel for itt Thcopy army willprepare and

publish maps and documents of the five latter classes named

above and in cases of emergency willprepare and publish baampe u25a0bullu25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0maps

- i f^-j

(u25a0

t

i

The army topographical sub-section is the authoritative judge

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0i u25a0

of the correctness of all maps and of the accuracy of all

locations by means of restitution In case of war of taoteeraent

or other circumstances requiring e centralization or incase of

the independent operation of a -corps the army may delegate all or

any of its duties to the corps and will reinforce the corps sectshy

ion with sufficient personnel and material to enable it to carry

out these duties The army will assist corps and divisions in the

reproduction of necessary worje beyond the limits of their resources

246 The army makes all geodetic and topographic surshy

u25a0u25a0veys within its area either for map making or for the organisation

or artillery fire It is necessary that the triangulation and geoshy

detic control throughout the whole army area be uniform arid that u25a0u25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0bull i all maps made by- any organization be in accordance with the general

system For the purpose of accomplishing this result the army topOgshy

raphical sub-section exercises technical supervision over all map |

making agencies within the army

247 The responsibility of the army topographical subshy

section for accurate mapping does not cease at the front line but

extends over rear areas In case of advance into territory not etc

curately mapped on the scale desired for Operation and intelligence

purposes the army topographical sub-section will proceed at once to

ttalce the necessary surveys and base maps under a comprehensive and

uniform plan determined by the intelligence section General Head bull

quarters This willnot prevent uitits from making such reconnaisshy

sances and surveys as are needed for their immediate use but copies

of such work will in all cases be turned in through the intellishygence officers of the respective units to the army topographical

battalion for use in compiling the final map

laquo-Cpound4t) base map even though inaccurate is better r

than no map at all and the principle must be followed of issuing

the best Dase map available and of- issuing corrections as frequentl

95

i

1

amps possible fitfrout waiting tW the preparation of the final ac -

u25a0 u25a0bull i

eurat-e map u25a0-u25a0u25a0 laquo

249 f Base map work Ik rftar areas or In ths enemy s

territory beyond the resources of the army may be taken ever by

General Headquarters or the array may be reinforced by personnel and

manorial from Genreg rat Headquarter^ aa the situation demands -

u25a0

250 Th army topographical battalion ltAoes type re

production for all units of the army

251 Tf^9 normal work of a corps topographical sab-section

is the preparation of int^lligsnccopy maps and special maps as describshy

ed in paragraphs three and five of the list of maps published by the

inteiligence service

The ccrP will in addition publish correctshy

ion sheets io battle maps and s end- copies to the army The corps

will distribute in accordance with instructions maps and docu-

zinents received from the army to the units under its comiriand In case

of independent operation of a corps it will assume all of the

functions of the army and will be suitably reinforced inmaterial

u25a0

ancl personnel fron the army topcgrapliipal- battlicn V

-252

-The division Topographical Cf fleet- f with the aid of

-the engineer Heigimental intelligence Officer and ])iisional 3ngineer

make such reconnaissances and surveys of the enemy^s and friendly

organizations as are necessary and forward the results to the corps u0084

intelligence section- The Division Topographic Officer pre parse- and

publishes intelligence rnape and sketches special maps and diagrams

for other staff sections Vlhen rvperatinginde-pandsntly the division

will be suitably re iuforcediir material and persannel from the

army topographical battalion

96

Chapter ls

WAR DEPARTMENT AND

GENERAL HEADQUARTERS INTELLIGENCE

254 Military intelligence includes all information

regarding thcopy enemys country which can be useful for waging

war more effectively This includes besides information

distinctly military in character geographic political and

economic information as well as information regarding enemys u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0 If

amp racial characteristics the labor situation agriculture

condition of railroads and in general anything which may

affect the direction of the war i

255 In a war of defense conducted within or ad jac

ent to our own borders most of the above information of a--

general nature will be collected compiled and disseminated

by the Military Intelligence Division of the General Staff

at the War Department In a war conducted on foreigii soil

the General Headquarters will be compbelled to have its own

sub-sections for dealing with such subjects as the enemys

political and economic situation as well as the situation

in allied and neutral countries in the vicinity of the theashy

)tre of war u25a0gt-u25a0u25a0

256 The pcrsonnel o f the Gene ral Headquarte rs intelli

gence will vary with the nature of the war its special conshy

u25a0 bull

ditions and the size of the army It will serve all armies

operating under its orders by keeping them informed regardshy

ing the enemy s order of battle his strategy and tactics

equipment and mate Vialu25a0u25a0 It can only do this effectively when

the general

staff intelligence sections of all lower units

are properly organized and of highly trained per-

sonnel and working in thorough harmony In addition to the

above the General Headquarters supplies data relating to the

theatre of war in the rear of the army zone in the form ofbull - j

area books railroad and road maps water maps study nf rear

97

Chapter 14

TOPOGRAPHICAL WORK

240 The typamps of maps to be issued and the tables

of distribution are determined by the operations section

with-the advice of (the intelligence section and published

in Instructions Concerning Maps- The supply and

distribution in accordance with the establ isbed regulations

is carried out by the intelligence section Waste of maps

mustbe avoided but sufficient replacement frust be provided

forloss and wear and tear As the map is frequently the

only intelligence information that reaches ddmpany and

platoori leaders in active operations staffs willnot retain

more than their allot ed portion for use or reserve at the

expense of the troops Units relieved in line or in an area

will turn over all maps and cartographic documents to the

organization relieving them Unless some other officer be

designated by the commanding of ficer this transfer willbe

supervised by the Intelligence Officer of the unit Intelligence

Officers of all units are responsible that the maps furnished them

for- distribution reach of ficers und troops for whom they are

intended

241 The intelligence service is responsible for the

interpretation accurate restitution and distribution of all

airplane phot ographe interpretation or ofThe determination

thpound character of objects is the duty of the information branch

the restitution or accurate location on the rpap the duty of

the topographical branch and the distribution is- effected

through intelligence distribution channel olaquo

242 The Assistant cbief of Staff GK2 at General

headquarters armies corps and divisions are responsible for

the topographic work reproduction 1 and map supply and

distribution within their units

93

v

I

243 The maps copyiid cartographic documents published

and distributed by the intelligence service are as follows

1 Base maps showing culture and topography

2 Battle map showing in addition to the above elements of the enemy defensive organizations whose existence

and location is definitely known

3 Intelligence or information maps showing the bull enemys

defensive organization as reported from intelligence

sources but not accurately located from photographs

schematic maps and diagrams of -tiie enemy s defensive

or offensive organization or theories maps or diagrams

showing organization or activity of the enemys

artillery

4raquo

Annotated aerial photographs either vertical or

s oblique relief maps and photographic reproductions)

panoramic photographs and sketches visibility studies

u26665u26665 Special ma pa rsketches and diagrams for all staff

sections and services showing plans of operation or

-friendly organizations

6raquo Maps diagrams and triangulatron data for map making

and for the- geodetic control and organisation of

artillery fire c

244 1)b3 preparation of base maps and making of

relief maps is performed under the direction of the intellishy

gence section General Headquarters vby a topographic battalioii -

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0 t

operating a bass printing plants This plant -willalso assist

the armieis in work beyond the limits of their mechanical

resources and personnels

the bulk topographical and reproduction245raquo- of the

work is concentrated in the army which alone has sufficient i

resources and personnel for itt Thcopy army willprepare and

publish maps and documents of the five latter classes named

above and in cases of emergency willprepare and publish baampe u25a0bullu25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0maps

- i f^-j

(u25a0

t

i

The army topographical sub-section is the authoritative judge

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0i u25a0

of the correctness of all maps and of the accuracy of all

locations by means of restitution In case of war of taoteeraent

or other circumstances requiring e centralization or incase of

the independent operation of a -corps the army may delegate all or

any of its duties to the corps and will reinforce the corps sectshy

ion with sufficient personnel and material to enable it to carry

out these duties The army will assist corps and divisions in the

reproduction of necessary worje beyond the limits of their resources

246 The army makes all geodetic and topographic surshy

u25a0u25a0veys within its area either for map making or for the organisation

or artillery fire It is necessary that the triangulation and geoshy

detic control throughout the whole army area be uniform arid that u25a0u25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0bull i all maps made by- any organization be in accordance with the general

system For the purpose of accomplishing this result the army topOgshy

raphical sub-section exercises technical supervision over all map |

making agencies within the army

247 The responsibility of the army topographical subshy

section for accurate mapping does not cease at the front line but

extends over rear areas In case of advance into territory not etc

curately mapped on the scale desired for Operation and intelligence

purposes the army topographical sub-section will proceed at once to

ttalce the necessary surveys and base maps under a comprehensive and

uniform plan determined by the intelligence section General Head bull

quarters This willnot prevent uitits from making such reconnaisshy

sances and surveys as are needed for their immediate use but copies

of such work will in all cases be turned in through the intellishygence officers of the respective units to the army topographical

battalion for use in compiling the final map

laquo-Cpound4t) base map even though inaccurate is better r

than no map at all and the principle must be followed of issuing

the best Dase map available and of- issuing corrections as frequentl

95

i

1

amps possible fitfrout waiting tW the preparation of the final ac -

u25a0 u25a0bull i

eurat-e map u25a0-u25a0u25a0 laquo

249 f Base map work Ik rftar areas or In ths enemy s

territory beyond the resources of the army may be taken ever by

General Headquarters or the array may be reinforced by personnel and

manorial from Genreg rat Headquarter^ aa the situation demands -

u25a0

250 Th army topographical battalion ltAoes type re

production for all units of the army

251 Tf^9 normal work of a corps topographical sab-section

is the preparation of int^lligsnccopy maps and special maps as describshy

ed in paragraphs three and five of the list of maps published by the

inteiligence service

The ccrP will in addition publish correctshy

ion sheets io battle maps and s end- copies to the army The corps

will distribute in accordance with instructions maps and docu-

zinents received from the army to the units under its comiriand In case

of independent operation of a corps it will assume all of the

functions of the army and will be suitably reinforced inmaterial

u25a0

ancl personnel fron the army topcgrapliipal- battlicn V

-252

-The division Topographical Cf fleet- f with the aid of

-the engineer Heigimental intelligence Officer and ])iisional 3ngineer

make such reconnaissances and surveys of the enemy^s and friendly

organizations as are necessary and forward the results to the corps u0084

intelligence section- The Division Topographic Officer pre parse- and

publishes intelligence rnape and sketches special maps and diagrams

for other staff sections Vlhen rvperatinginde-pandsntly the division

will be suitably re iuforcediir material and persannel from the

army topographical battalion

96

Chapter ls

WAR DEPARTMENT AND

GENERAL HEADQUARTERS INTELLIGENCE

254 Military intelligence includes all information

regarding thcopy enemys country which can be useful for waging

war more effectively This includes besides information

distinctly military in character geographic political and

economic information as well as information regarding enemys u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0 If

amp racial characteristics the labor situation agriculture

condition of railroads and in general anything which may

affect the direction of the war i

255 In a war of defense conducted within or ad jac

ent to our own borders most of the above information of a--

general nature will be collected compiled and disseminated

by the Military Intelligence Division of the General Staff

at the War Department In a war conducted on foreigii soil

the General Headquarters will be compbelled to have its own

sub-sections for dealing with such subjects as the enemys

political and economic situation as well as the situation

in allied and neutral countries in the vicinity of the theashy

)tre of war u25a0gt-u25a0u25a0

256 The pcrsonnel o f the Gene ral Headquarte rs intelli

gence will vary with the nature of the war its special conshy

u25a0 bull

ditions and the size of the army It will serve all armies

operating under its orders by keeping them informed regardshy

ing the enemy s order of battle his strategy and tactics

equipment and mate Vialu25a0u25a0 It can only do this effectively when

the general

staff intelligence sections of all lower units

are properly organized and of highly trained per-

sonnel and working in thorough harmony In addition to the

above the General Headquarters supplies data relating to the

theatre of war in the rear of the army zone in the form ofbull - j

area books railroad and road maps water maps study nf rear

97

I

243 The maps copyiid cartographic documents published

and distributed by the intelligence service are as follows

1 Base maps showing culture and topography

2 Battle map showing in addition to the above elements of the enemy defensive organizations whose existence

and location is definitely known

3 Intelligence or information maps showing the bull enemys

defensive organization as reported from intelligence

sources but not accurately located from photographs

schematic maps and diagrams of -tiie enemy s defensive

or offensive organization or theories maps or diagrams

showing organization or activity of the enemys

artillery

4raquo

Annotated aerial photographs either vertical or

s oblique relief maps and photographic reproductions)

panoramic photographs and sketches visibility studies

u26665u26665 Special ma pa rsketches and diagrams for all staff

sections and services showing plans of operation or

-friendly organizations

6raquo Maps diagrams and triangulatron data for map making

and for the- geodetic control and organisation of

artillery fire c

244 1)b3 preparation of base maps and making of

relief maps is performed under the direction of the intellishy

gence section General Headquarters vby a topographic battalioii -

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0 t

operating a bass printing plants This plant -willalso assist

the armieis in work beyond the limits of their mechanical

resources and personnels

the bulk topographical and reproduction245raquo- of the

work is concentrated in the army which alone has sufficient i

resources and personnel for itt Thcopy army willprepare and

publish maps and documents of the five latter classes named

above and in cases of emergency willprepare and publish baampe u25a0bullu25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0maps

- i f^-j

(u25a0

t

i

The army topographical sub-section is the authoritative judge

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0i u25a0

of the correctness of all maps and of the accuracy of all

locations by means of restitution In case of war of taoteeraent

or other circumstances requiring e centralization or incase of

the independent operation of a -corps the army may delegate all or

any of its duties to the corps and will reinforce the corps sectshy

ion with sufficient personnel and material to enable it to carry

out these duties The army will assist corps and divisions in the

reproduction of necessary worje beyond the limits of their resources

246 The army makes all geodetic and topographic surshy

u25a0u25a0veys within its area either for map making or for the organisation

or artillery fire It is necessary that the triangulation and geoshy

detic control throughout the whole army area be uniform arid that u25a0u25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0bull i all maps made by- any organization be in accordance with the general

system For the purpose of accomplishing this result the army topOgshy

raphical sub-section exercises technical supervision over all map |

making agencies within the army

247 The responsibility of the army topographical subshy

section for accurate mapping does not cease at the front line but

extends over rear areas In case of advance into territory not etc

curately mapped on the scale desired for Operation and intelligence

purposes the army topographical sub-section will proceed at once to

ttalce the necessary surveys and base maps under a comprehensive and

uniform plan determined by the intelligence section General Head bull

quarters This willnot prevent uitits from making such reconnaisshy

sances and surveys as are needed for their immediate use but copies

of such work will in all cases be turned in through the intellishygence officers of the respective units to the army topographical

battalion for use in compiling the final map

laquo-Cpound4t) base map even though inaccurate is better r

than no map at all and the principle must be followed of issuing

the best Dase map available and of- issuing corrections as frequentl

95

i

1

amps possible fitfrout waiting tW the preparation of the final ac -

u25a0 u25a0bull i

eurat-e map u25a0-u25a0u25a0 laquo

249 f Base map work Ik rftar areas or In ths enemy s

territory beyond the resources of the army may be taken ever by

General Headquarters or the array may be reinforced by personnel and

manorial from Genreg rat Headquarter^ aa the situation demands -

u25a0

250 Th army topographical battalion ltAoes type re

production for all units of the army

251 Tf^9 normal work of a corps topographical sab-section

is the preparation of int^lligsnccopy maps and special maps as describshy

ed in paragraphs three and five of the list of maps published by the

inteiligence service

The ccrP will in addition publish correctshy

ion sheets io battle maps and s end- copies to the army The corps

will distribute in accordance with instructions maps and docu-

zinents received from the army to the units under its comiriand In case

of independent operation of a corps it will assume all of the

functions of the army and will be suitably reinforced inmaterial

u25a0

ancl personnel fron the army topcgrapliipal- battlicn V

-252

-The division Topographical Cf fleet- f with the aid of

-the engineer Heigimental intelligence Officer and ])iisional 3ngineer

make such reconnaissances and surveys of the enemy^s and friendly

organizations as are necessary and forward the results to the corps u0084

intelligence section- The Division Topographic Officer pre parse- and

publishes intelligence rnape and sketches special maps and diagrams

for other staff sections Vlhen rvperatinginde-pandsntly the division

will be suitably re iuforcediir material and persannel from the

army topographical battalion

96

Chapter ls

WAR DEPARTMENT AND

GENERAL HEADQUARTERS INTELLIGENCE

254 Military intelligence includes all information

regarding thcopy enemys country which can be useful for waging

war more effectively This includes besides information

distinctly military in character geographic political and

economic information as well as information regarding enemys u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0 If

amp racial characteristics the labor situation agriculture

condition of railroads and in general anything which may

affect the direction of the war i

255 In a war of defense conducted within or ad jac

ent to our own borders most of the above information of a--

general nature will be collected compiled and disseminated

by the Military Intelligence Division of the General Staff

at the War Department In a war conducted on foreigii soil

the General Headquarters will be compbelled to have its own

sub-sections for dealing with such subjects as the enemys

political and economic situation as well as the situation

in allied and neutral countries in the vicinity of the theashy

)tre of war u25a0gt-u25a0u25a0

256 The pcrsonnel o f the Gene ral Headquarte rs intelli

gence will vary with the nature of the war its special conshy

u25a0 bull

ditions and the size of the army It will serve all armies

operating under its orders by keeping them informed regardshy

ing the enemy s order of battle his strategy and tactics

equipment and mate Vialu25a0u25a0 It can only do this effectively when

the general

staff intelligence sections of all lower units

are properly organized and of highly trained per-

sonnel and working in thorough harmony In addition to the

above the General Headquarters supplies data relating to the

theatre of war in the rear of the army zone in the form ofbull - j

area books railroad and road maps water maps study nf rear

97

The army topographical sub-section is the authoritative judge

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0u25a0i u25a0

of the correctness of all maps and of the accuracy of all

locations by means of restitution In case of war of taoteeraent

or other circumstances requiring e centralization or incase of

the independent operation of a -corps the army may delegate all or

any of its duties to the corps and will reinforce the corps sectshy

ion with sufficient personnel and material to enable it to carry

out these duties The army will assist corps and divisions in the

reproduction of necessary worje beyond the limits of their resources

246 The army makes all geodetic and topographic surshy

u25a0u25a0veys within its area either for map making or for the organisation

or artillery fire It is necessary that the triangulation and geoshy

detic control throughout the whole army area be uniform arid that u25a0u25a0

u25a0 u25a0 u25a0bull i all maps made by- any organization be in accordance with the general

system For the purpose of accomplishing this result the army topOgshy

raphical sub-section exercises technical supervision over all map |

making agencies within the army

247 The responsibility of the army topographical subshy

section for accurate mapping does not cease at the front line but

extends over rear areas In case of advance into territory not etc

curately mapped on the scale desired for Operation and intelligence

purposes the army topographical sub-section will proceed at once to

ttalce the necessary surveys and base maps under a comprehensive and

uniform plan determined by the intelligence section General Head bull

quarters This willnot prevent uitits from making such reconnaisshy

sances and surveys as are needed for their immediate use but copies

of such work will in all cases be turned in through the intellishygence officers of the respective units to the army topographical

battalion for use in compiling the final map

laquo-Cpound4t) base map even though inaccurate is better r

than no map at all and the principle must be followed of issuing

the best Dase map available and of- issuing corrections as frequentl

95

i

1

amps possible fitfrout waiting tW the preparation of the final ac -

u25a0 u25a0bull i

eurat-e map u25a0-u25a0u25a0 laquo

249 f Base map work Ik rftar areas or In ths enemy s

territory beyond the resources of the army may be taken ever by

General Headquarters or the array may be reinforced by personnel and

manorial from Genreg rat Headquarter^ aa the situation demands -

u25a0

250 Th army topographical battalion ltAoes type re

production for all units of the army

251 Tf^9 normal work of a corps topographical sab-section

is the preparation of int^lligsnccopy maps and special maps as describshy

ed in paragraphs three and five of the list of maps published by the

inteiligence service

The ccrP will in addition publish correctshy

ion sheets io battle maps and s end- copies to the army The corps

will distribute in accordance with instructions maps and docu-

zinents received from the army to the units under its comiriand In case

of independent operation of a corps it will assume all of the

functions of the army and will be suitably reinforced inmaterial

u25a0

ancl personnel fron the army topcgrapliipal- battlicn V

-252

-The division Topographical Cf fleet- f with the aid of

-the engineer Heigimental intelligence Officer and ])iisional 3ngineer

make such reconnaissances and surveys of the enemy^s and friendly

organizations as are necessary and forward the results to the corps u0084

intelligence section- The Division Topographic Officer pre parse- and

publishes intelligence rnape and sketches special maps and diagrams

for other staff sections Vlhen rvperatinginde-pandsntly the division

will be suitably re iuforcediir material and persannel from the

army topographical battalion

96

Chapter ls

WAR DEPARTMENT AND

GENERAL HEADQUARTERS INTELLIGENCE

254 Military intelligence includes all information

regarding thcopy enemys country which can be useful for waging

war more effectively This includes besides information

distinctly military in character geographic political and

economic information as well as information regarding enemys u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0 If

amp racial characteristics the labor situation agriculture

condition of railroads and in general anything which may

affect the direction of the war i

255 In a war of defense conducted within or ad jac

ent to our own borders most of the above information of a--

general nature will be collected compiled and disseminated

by the Military Intelligence Division of the General Staff

at the War Department In a war conducted on foreigii soil

the General Headquarters will be compbelled to have its own

sub-sections for dealing with such subjects as the enemys

political and economic situation as well as the situation

in allied and neutral countries in the vicinity of the theashy

)tre of war u25a0gt-u25a0u25a0

256 The pcrsonnel o f the Gene ral Headquarte rs intelli

gence will vary with the nature of the war its special conshy

u25a0 bull

ditions and the size of the army It will serve all armies

operating under its orders by keeping them informed regardshy

ing the enemy s order of battle his strategy and tactics

equipment and mate Vialu25a0u25a0 It can only do this effectively when

the general

staff intelligence sections of all lower units

are properly organized and of highly trained per-

sonnel and working in thorough harmony In addition to the

above the General Headquarters supplies data relating to the

theatre of war in the rear of the army zone in the form ofbull - j

area books railroad and road maps water maps study nf rear

97

i

1

amps possible fitfrout waiting tW the preparation of the final ac -

u25a0 u25a0bull i

eurat-e map u25a0-u25a0u25a0 laquo

249 f Base map work Ik rftar areas or In ths enemy s

territory beyond the resources of the army may be taken ever by

General Headquarters or the array may be reinforced by personnel and

manorial from Genreg rat Headquarter^ aa the situation demands -

u25a0

250 Th army topographical battalion ltAoes type re

production for all units of the army

251 Tf^9 normal work of a corps topographical sab-section

is the preparation of int^lligsnccopy maps and special maps as describshy

ed in paragraphs three and five of the list of maps published by the

inteiligence service

The ccrP will in addition publish correctshy

ion sheets io battle maps and s end- copies to the army The corps

will distribute in accordance with instructions maps and docu-

zinents received from the army to the units under its comiriand In case

of independent operation of a corps it will assume all of the

functions of the army and will be suitably reinforced inmaterial

u25a0

ancl personnel fron the army topcgrapliipal- battlicn V

-252

-The division Topographical Cf fleet- f with the aid of

-the engineer Heigimental intelligence Officer and ])iisional 3ngineer

make such reconnaissances and surveys of the enemy^s and friendly

organizations as are necessary and forward the results to the corps u0084

intelligence section- The Division Topographic Officer pre parse- and

publishes intelligence rnape and sketches special maps and diagrams

for other staff sections Vlhen rvperatinginde-pandsntly the division

will be suitably re iuforcediir material and persannel from the

army topographical battalion

96

Chapter ls

WAR DEPARTMENT AND

GENERAL HEADQUARTERS INTELLIGENCE

254 Military intelligence includes all information

regarding thcopy enemys country which can be useful for waging

war more effectively This includes besides information

distinctly military in character geographic political and

economic information as well as information regarding enemys u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0 If

amp racial characteristics the labor situation agriculture

condition of railroads and in general anything which may

affect the direction of the war i

255 In a war of defense conducted within or ad jac

ent to our own borders most of the above information of a--

general nature will be collected compiled and disseminated

by the Military Intelligence Division of the General Staff

at the War Department In a war conducted on foreigii soil

the General Headquarters will be compbelled to have its own

sub-sections for dealing with such subjects as the enemys

political and economic situation as well as the situation

in allied and neutral countries in the vicinity of the theashy

)tre of war u25a0gt-u25a0u25a0

256 The pcrsonnel o f the Gene ral Headquarte rs intelli

gence will vary with the nature of the war its special conshy

u25a0 bull

ditions and the size of the army It will serve all armies

operating under its orders by keeping them informed regardshy

ing the enemy s order of battle his strategy and tactics

equipment and mate Vialu25a0u25a0 It can only do this effectively when

the general

staff intelligence sections of all lower units

are properly organized and of highly trained per-

sonnel and working in thorough harmony In addition to the

above the General Headquarters supplies data relating to the

theatre of war in the rear of the army zone in the form ofbull - j

area books railroad and road maps water maps study nf rear

97

Chapter ls

WAR DEPARTMENT AND

GENERAL HEADQUARTERS INTELLIGENCE

254 Military intelligence includes all information

regarding thcopy enemys country which can be useful for waging

war more effectively This includes besides information

distinctly military in character geographic political and

economic information as well as information regarding enemys u25a0 u25a0 u25a0 u0084u25a0 If

amp racial characteristics the labor situation agriculture

condition of railroads and in general anything which may

affect the direction of the war i

255 In a war of defense conducted within or ad jac

ent to our own borders most of the above information of a--

general nature will be collected compiled and disseminated

by the Military Intelligence Division of the General Staff

at the War Department In a war conducted on foreigii soil

the General Headquarters will be compbelled to have its own

sub-sections for dealing with such subjects as the enemys

political and economic situation as well as the situation

in allied and neutral countries in the vicinity of the theashy

)tre of war u25a0gt-u25a0u25a0

256 The pcrsonnel o f the Gene ral Headquarte rs intelli

gence will vary with the nature of the war its special conshy

u25a0 bull

ditions and the size of the army It will serve all armies

operating under its orders by keeping them informed regardshy

ing the enemy s order of battle his strategy and tactics

equipment and mate Vialu25a0u25a0 It can only do this effectively when

the general

staff intelligence sections of all lower units

are properly organized and of highly trained per-

sonnel and working in thorough harmony In addition to the

above the General Headquarters supplies data relating to the

theatre of war in the rear of the army zone in the form ofbull - j

area books railroad and road maps water maps study nf rear

97

i

1

positions maps an photographs of rear bombing targets etc i

257 The General Headquarters organises and itistaXl9

such special u25a0services ac the radionintelligence and listening lt

seta It provides for ihcopy decoding and deciphering of- the

enemys wireless and other messages received It organizes

ih^ braiich intelligence for aviation unit3 and in general

inspects and exercises supervision over the performance of

intelligence work in the armies It provides for the necessary 7

espionage and counter-espionage It assures ths adequate

supply of map s and means of reproducing maps for General

and for the armies including the preparationHea^uarteirs y

of such opecsal and information mapa ampB may be called for amp

or as may be useful icr the accurate and quick dissemination

of important informa+donV It provides for the necessary

eensoiBhip of the press gt letters telegrams t telephone und

both ufiampertampfces useful propaganda and oounteracts the effects

qf the enemys propaganda in cases where it can not prevont -dt

_f

98

x

Chapter 16

COUNTKR-ESu25a0 lONAGE

258 The work of counter-espionage is performed by the

intelligence section in close co-operation u25a0with the Provost

Marshal Generals department

259 It embraces the detection of the enemys agents the

prevention of leakage of military information and the adopt icm

of measures to prevent sabotage Coimterreepionage activities

are carried on mainly among the civil populationshy

260 The organization must be elastic and the actual

distribution of personnel will vary to suit changing conditions

Intelligence officers assigned to counter-espionage work have

under them intelligence police personnel Jn addition the u25a0-- j u25a0 u25a0

u25a0 -u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0 i

services of civilian operatives may be used

261 Normallycounter-espionage personnel will be u25a0

assigned to armies or to areas If assigned to the former they

will operate under the Assistant Chief of Staff G-2 of the 1

army Counter-espionage officers should be given as much latishy

tude as possible in the details of their work They 1 will be kept

advised by the Aasis tant Chief of Staff G~pound of all prospectshy

ive military operations

262 The position of intelligence police posts which will

be established at suitable places by omarbergtespioaage officers

willbe made known to the corps division or brigade commanders

in whose areas they are located

263 The principal duties of intelligence police post

personnel are

(a) To report all cases of suspected espionage

within their area L

h

(b) To keep a careful watch for any possible method

enemy of communication with the u25a0u25a0u25a0

(c) To report any breach of regulations by civilianb

(d) To interrogate all strangers who appear in the

district

99

V

(c) To examine all persons found loitering near laquo

placeszlig of military importance

(f) To examine passes in ttfe hands bf civilians

and report any irregularities with regard to them

N (g) To collect from refugees and others useful

information regarding the country behind the enemys lines

(h) To find otrt persons who would be suitable as

guides or possible agents and report their names

(i) To control and investigate tho movements of

civilian workmen employed under the engineers quartermaster

or Other departments of the army

264 Counter-espionage officers will prepare and keep

up to datamp lists of reliable persons who reside in their

areas including localities within the enemy p lines Such

persons willbe communicated with for the purpose of obtainshyu25a0u25a0-

u25a0bullbull u25a0u25a0-1

j u25a0u25a0u25a0 -

ing the names of additional local resilents who may be reshy

lied upon The services of all of thssc inhabitants will be

utilised for the purpose of discovering individuals who have

been virorking for or have oe^n present in frontier towis with

the enemy In case of the arrest of persons so discovered

appropriate msasures will be taken in conjinretion with the

Provdst Marshal General 1s Department vhich is charged with

their safekeeping in the event of arrest

265 During each stage of an advance the intelligence

police will

(a) Be on the watch for all methods by which hostile

agents can communicate with the enemy eg by hidden telephones

wireless apparatus carrier pigeons light signals etcraquogtx (b) Make themselves acquainted with the local inshy

habitants and endeavor by every means in their power to disshy

cover what hostile units have been in occupation of the district 100

8

(c) Make inquiries among the inhabitants as to

suspicious characters and find out whether 6he re have heeamp

any recent arrivals in the locality

(d) Keep a strict watch over cafes and hotels which

have been frequented by the enemy

(c) Ascertain where the enemys headquarters have

been and make a careful search for any maps or documents

which may have been left behind

(f) Find out what buildings bridges or roads are

supposed to have been mined

266 Intelligence police personnel willalways be in

close touch with the headquarters of the division or brishy

gade in whose area they are operating and with the countershy

espionage officer of the entire area or at army headquarters

They will transmit information promptly to these authorishy

ties in order that it may be actampd upon with equal promptshy

ness

j

101

v

V

u25a0J

f

A P PliDIG B So

APPENDIX A

OBSBEmmS KEPOHffo

In oampder to -matee certain that no Valuable facts

related to ah observation become lost through carelessness

or oversight on tlie part of an ob server $ the accompanying

blank form Is supplied These should be gotten yp in boofc form with per- gt

forated edge 9 arranged for duplioatiagraquo- Eh blanks should V

be about 13 xBn and supplied in bloclrs as refi33a rs 9 printed

On both sides Covers should be and Inner side of )

left cover provided so as to hold a map A waterproof oase

-with for carrying must be issued with the boofe

Qrlginals will^beturned In to iiie intelligence-u25a0

u25a0

officer at a prescribed j

time and rrampf

be gathered gt

upbsr him

at any tame duriiig tours of inspections

V

f

i II

5353

u25ba H laquof bullbull r traquo laquo u2666 t Ilaquor t V tr bullraquo r ilaquo raquo

IIbull^5bull^5

u25a0u25a0 bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull u2666u2666rr

cc

raquo 4lt bullraquo bullbull bullraquo tlaquo raquo raquolaquo bullraquo f 4 laquo4 f ^ ir fr raquobull bullltbull laquo^ raquorraquor OO

oo MMcc pxJpxJampamp 33

laquo bull bullbullu25a0 bull bull

f

bulllaquo ltlaquo

r

t laquor

t

bull r laquor

bullu25a0bullu25a0 bullbullbullbull

HHiiLULUII

titi hihiaasectsectbullu25a03bullu25a03

-- --ii

HH |01|01

OOVslVVslVs1s1

cocoraquoraquoNNHH

COCO

|P3|P3

0202ICOICO

ooaaPP

r r

oo SS

II

SriSriOO

cc

wwiwiwiiool-dl-d-d-d[[

u25a0idu25a0id

bulllaquo bulllaquo raquo it laquoraquo laquobull laquolbullraquo gtlaquo raquobulllaquo bullilaquor tr traquo laquoraquo tr raquor c gtraquobull bullraquo bull raquoftf t

(-I(-I XX

||

ltlt bulllt u2666bull bull tt a Itt u25a0( I vv u0084u0084

bull0bull0

iiO3O3

1 II

y

bull bull bull

u25a0aebemdix b

HQBBL FOR BlffKQliBSMRff

Date

Hour

Patrol sent by Company bullraquobull raquo bdquo laquo Regiment

Map reference

Compos itI-om Officersraquo Rraquo00laquooraquolaquo ampbull

raquo raquo laquoltlaquoolaquoolaquolaquooMission bull

(Dime and place of -departure laquo

QI32Dcopy and place of retuin- gt gtu25a0 laquo laquodego

Route o (see slcetc3a)

Oasualties laquo laquo v

SuHszligiary of events laquobullbullbullbull

Sig3aature of patrol leader

Barils

I

Ammmx 0

the above system famishes an easy practical and

effective way of rendering -intelligenco data accessible and ltu25a0

V

STiitable for fiitKly

It is made tip by pastirig tracing jpa]3er or tMn letter

paper on a piece -of cardboard upon which the map of the sector

gthas been pasted at one end (lty)raquo

ffihe sheets at MAM are superdn^posedover- tlie map and

u25a0the daipiy information traced thereon each receiving the proper

datlaquo

After tracing the daily sheeiv place over it the slieet

at B and successively trace lipon it tlie data froft daily encopy Sj

thus having on MB)J the combined information of one weels ffihis

may be used for longer periods by simply adding more tracing

sheets

It is suitable for patrols shelliag airplane flights

and enemy circulation and movements in stabilised warfare and

may be used in war of

movement for the same- or etfcer purposes-Z

Its -chief value is feat it does away wicii large files

of written or typed matter which must be placed upon maps

eventually and appreciatedto permit of their being studied

Sheets at tlAu are slipped raidgr the map after their 1

11 data hampsbeen traced on B

22iis system saves mariting up maps to the point where

they soon become illegible and may be isept on file for future

A

3iBfroHmigg i

Allx-eports of operations end niost of the intelli-

geioampe reports require slsetches either for a-mpiifylng the

sre]3Orfc or for salving a great amount of writing

Slcetolies made by troops in operations are smlaquoe to

be very inaccurate and are -usually impossible to locate on a

printed mplaquo

To remedy this situation the iutelligerjce section of the

division should prepare- maps traced from acoLirate maps of

-suitable so- le f which oaraquo be -issued inquantity

On tlicopy reverse side ot the oiaps for intelligence

officers may be printed tlie paragraph headings of the Siamraary

of data iof Intelligence spaced accordii^tg to the amount

u25a0ustially gathered lander tJaese headings

SOr platoon and section commanders^ a most tiseful

systen is to supply sketch maps vvith the outlines of the most

usual messages- or Ieqnests printed on the bacfe These ns^s

should always be available for patrol leaders and willac~

company their rspcrts

ThBTOCiG many methods of preparing sketch maps

Both the cyclostyle and mimeograph have given excellent re- i

snlts Contonrs are not of prime importance 9 tint i-oads

tQRTns- streams woods rhill-tops 9 and other llaquo--nd marlts are

vital

I(

u25a0

APampiflDIXEraquo

FOBH FOR A SUMMARY- 01 DHKLLISSKDE CQNFIIENTIAL

Not to be taken into front line

) NO

r bull

From To

X KSLjEROi IMHSSSION OF THE DAY

11 ElaquoiY FRONT LINES

111 EKSMYQRDEa OF BATOJIE

(a) Identifications (traquo) Pres-umed eneray oroer^of battle (c) Comnent on enemy units

u^ u25a0 1t(d) Sitiiation^ enemy reserves bull1 ul

u25a0gt bull (fylt^iIV EHSf^Y INFANTRY ACTIVITY

(u25a0V ESTY ARTILLSHY ACTIVITY )3^

h -ampSU u25a0lt Ir VI EMYAESRIAL ACTIVITY W^ ll^Vwbull bU^ lt iakC

c u0084bdquobull u0084 A

VII

VIII ENEMY WORKS

IX MISCEUuAjaDOUS mdash X EN3MY INDENTIONS ji V^

A fV^ v^l t PW-sPW-sXI ACTIVITYOF OUR OWN TROOJEB Ao-tn (c m So 11 oAToiWJ

BIRT 11 cV u0084 -bull-

u25a0u25a0u25a0lt u0084v - u25a0u25a0u25a0- raquo

Chief of StaffBy Direction of theAvv^ n A-v A vvs gtj

name rank

Ac C of S Glaquo2raquo OR

Order of (name of commanding officer) name rank

R10 or p Bn Io

u25a01 1 I raquofi 0 i

X

SUBJEOQB FOR GOIJSIISBRITION XtiMKXmUP A SUMMKY OP XI^SLLIGFJ^E -3

$he main headings given fee low in capital letters

villnot appear on the Summary^ Iwt are merely given to indishy

cate the systecopy on which the small headings have been arranged

Some of the headings^ for example listening posts observashy

tion posts etc should only be used for information when it

has a particular interest- froro the- point of view of the head

insect toider vMch it-iE) described In therr-iajority of cases it

is preferable to -incline general information of this nampturs bull under tiie general heading Enemys- front and stupor t lines11

Amdash^EHESRAi IHFOBMTIOIMi

v1 Operations bullZ Icl^ntifications 5 Air- reconnaigsances

B-^EfjSlar rS IESSJ^iSESt

4laquo 3rpnys front and stj^o^t lines 5 Sajps 6raquo Listening and snipers 1 posts 7 Observation posts 8 Machine ~sun emplaoements and nests 9 srencii-moijtar

10 Mines bullj11bull Screen So

12 Cupolas t

IS J)ug-laquoouts 14 Occupied buildings 15 Strong points (including defaided localities) 16 3neiuy fs x^atrols

(17laquo copyneajgr^s rear lines of ampefensegt 18 BneKiys aotiyity 19 Condition of galaquogtuiid

O-p-JJOVES-EMttS IS ENEMYS- LIMES AKD OROafX24shy5I0H liTKBpoundRlaquo

30 _u25a0 Routes an 4tracks used by ttamp enemy 2^ 22 23 S4

25

26 2-fraquo

fenqh railways Mg^yt railways Dumps Movements observed behind the enemys lines

(poundamprsomel and taansporlaquo) s u25a0Hiscellaneous occurrences in rear of the enemyu25a0u25a0

u25a0u25a0 u25a0lincopyo u25a0u25a0 bull Bcopyiiofs S

-Best billets- sndtoanips 28 -

lraquoocopyation of Jieadq^vfe-rters of rogiaienial and lo7eraquo u25a0 units and regimental frO3^a^es bull

29 bulllocation of headquarters of ilgadcopyg and hiier units

x

Ajgampandix F1 Cent

30 v

31 32 33

34 35

36 37 38- 39 40

41

4E 43raquo 44bull 45laquo 46 47 laquo

48 49 50raquo 51 52 53a

54

55 5S 5-7^ 58 59 60

Dmdash6IGSALJJJiB Wireless signals and signalling stations Visual signals and signalling stampticras j ligjht signals t

Searchlights

u25a0Jt^HSAS bull

location of gas cylinders Wind tests (smo2copy flags etc)

raquo-AHDIXMRY

Enerays shelling (artillery activity) Enemyls batteries suspected arid located Distribution of idstile artillery on army froampi Armored trains Location of hostile observation balloons

artillery firelaquoEffect of our

G^QUI]EM3raquo

Shells other than gas shells 6ae (and lachrsTinatory) shells Fuses

projectiles -

Hand and rifle grenades Miscellaneous projectiles Plash-concealing apparatus Gas apparatus SmoKe apparatus Plame projector

and telegraph equipment3el^honeUniform Miscellaneous equipment

amp-QWNOB

General

Infantry^Artillery Oavalry Other arms Airship and airplane movements

)

3

r

61 l^rpes of aircraft bull62

63

64 65 66 67 68raquo 69 70 71 72 73 74

75 bulllt

Distinguishing marlcs on aircraft

JmdashORGAHEamOH

Composition etc )

Organiaation Composition Organization Machine-^un

of higher forations (corps divisions

of infantry units of conpanies of cavalry units

units organization of Foot artillery organization of Field artillery organization of Trenohiaortar units organization of Pioneers organization of Construction battalions organization of Flying units organization of transport units (horse and mechanical organizashy

tion of-Bailvay services oaganization of

j

f

VV--A u25a0u25a0

j- I

ispndix gtlaquoPraquo Cont N

bull^ 6raquo Survey detachments organisation of u25a0 77raquo Signal -emits cv^nizaQtonofo

78raquo Carri er pigsonsj organisation of raquo bull

79laquo Misce llsaieaas units

vOTgcopynizati^n of

00bull Qjiampttges In octama-nd 81laquo Alterations in array groupiiigs

KmdashIARSS IEIiOOP-HOraSJEDS

82 SSeaaafer-s from aad tci~otir front

LmdashMISOBLIiiHBOUS 83 Enemys riiseslaquo 84-laquo Schools of instruction 85 Officers (supply and training )gtu25a0

86 Eebruiting i -87raquo Cag-ualtieso l

_s

88bull Enemys morale 89raquo Internal situation in enemys cotintry

-shy

Chapter 16

COUNTKR-ESu25a0 lONAGE

258 The work of counter-espionage is performed by the

intelligence section in close co-operation u25a0with the Provost

Marshal Generals department

259 It embraces the detection of the enemys agents the

prevention of leakage of military information and the adopt icm

of measures to prevent sabotage Coimterreepionage activities

are carried on mainly among the civil populationshy

260 The organization must be elastic and the actual

distribution of personnel will vary to suit changing conditions

Intelligence officers assigned to counter-espionage work have

under them intelligence police personnel Jn addition the u25a0-- j u25a0 u25a0

u25a0 -u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0u25a0 i

services of civilian operatives may be used

261 Normallycounter-espionage personnel will be u25a0

assigned to armies or to areas If assigned to the former they

will operate under the Assistant Chief of Staff G-2 of the 1

army Counter-espionage officers should be given as much latishy

tude as possible in the details of their work They 1 will be kept

advised by the Aasis tant Chief of Staff G~pound of all prospectshy

ive military operations

262 The position of intelligence police posts which will

be established at suitable places by omarbergtespioaage officers

willbe made known to the corps division or brigade commanders

in whose areas they are located

263 The principal duties of intelligence police post

personnel are

(a) To report all cases of suspected espionage

within their area L

h

(b) To keep a careful watch for any possible method

enemy of communication with the u25a0u25a0u25a0

(c) To report any breach of regulations by civilianb

(d) To interrogate all strangers who appear in the

district

99

V

(c) To examine all persons found loitering near laquo

placeszlig of military importance

(f) To examine passes in ttfe hands bf civilians

and report any irregularities with regard to them

N (g) To collect from refugees and others useful

information regarding the country behind the enemys lines

(h) To find otrt persons who would be suitable as

guides or possible agents and report their names

(i) To control and investigate tho movements of

civilian workmen employed under the engineers quartermaster

or Other departments of the army

264 Counter-espionage officers will prepare and keep

up to datamp lists of reliable persons who reside in their

areas including localities within the enemy p lines Such

persons willbe communicated with for the purpose of obtainshyu25a0u25a0-

u25a0bullbull u25a0u25a0-1

j u25a0u25a0u25a0 -

ing the names of additional local resilents who may be reshy

lied upon The services of all of thssc inhabitants will be

utilised for the purpose of discovering individuals who have

been virorking for or have oe^n present in frontier towis with

the enemy In case of the arrest of persons so discovered

appropriate msasures will be taken in conjinretion with the

Provdst Marshal General 1s Department vhich is charged with

their safekeeping in the event of arrest

265 During each stage of an advance the intelligence

police will

(a) Be on the watch for all methods by which hostile

agents can communicate with the enemy eg by hidden telephones

wireless apparatus carrier pigeons light signals etcraquogtx (b) Make themselves acquainted with the local inshy

habitants and endeavor by every means in their power to disshy

cover what hostile units have been in occupation of the district 100

8

(c) Make inquiries among the inhabitants as to

suspicious characters and find out whether 6he re have heeamp

any recent arrivals in the locality

(d) Keep a strict watch over cafes and hotels which

have been frequented by the enemy

(c) Ascertain where the enemys headquarters have

been and make a careful search for any maps or documents

which may have been left behind

(f) Find out what buildings bridges or roads are

supposed to have been mined

266 Intelligence police personnel willalways be in

close touch with the headquarters of the division or brishy

gade in whose area they are operating and with the countershy

espionage officer of the entire area or at army headquarters

They will transmit information promptly to these authorishy

ties in order that it may be actampd upon with equal promptshy

ness

j

101

v

V

u25a0J

f

A P PliDIG B So

APPENDIX A

OBSBEmmS KEPOHffo

In oampder to -matee certain that no Valuable facts

related to ah observation become lost through carelessness

or oversight on tlie part of an ob server $ the accompanying

blank form Is supplied These should be gotten yp in boofc form with per- gt

forated edge 9 arranged for duplioatiagraquo- Eh blanks should V

be about 13 xBn and supplied in bloclrs as refi33a rs 9 printed

On both sides Covers should be and Inner side of )

left cover provided so as to hold a map A waterproof oase

-with for carrying must be issued with the boofe

Qrlginals will^beturned In to iiie intelligence-u25a0

u25a0

officer at a prescribed j

time and rrampf

be gathered gt

upbsr him

at any tame duriiig tours of inspections

V

f

i II

5353

u25ba H laquof bullbull r traquo laquo u2666 t Ilaquor t V tr bullraquo r ilaquo raquo

IIbull^5bull^5

u25a0u25a0 bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull u2666u2666rr

cc

raquo 4lt bullraquo bullbull bullraquo tlaquo raquo raquolaquo bullraquo f 4 laquo4 f ^ ir fr raquobull bullltbull laquo^ raquorraquor OO

oo MMcc pxJpxJampamp 33

laquo bull bullbullu25a0 bull bull

f

bulllaquo ltlaquo

r

t laquor

t

bull r laquor

bullu25a0bullu25a0 bullbullbullbull

HHiiLULUII

titi hihiaasectsectbullu25a03bullu25a03

-- --ii

HH |01|01

OOVslVVslVs1s1

cocoraquoraquoNNHH

COCO

|P3|P3

0202ICOICO

ooaaPP

r r

oo SS

II

SriSriOO

cc

wwiwiwiiool-dl-d-d-d[[

u25a0idu25a0id

bulllaquo bulllaquo raquo it laquoraquo laquobull laquolbullraquo gtlaquo raquobulllaquo bullilaquor tr traquo laquoraquo tr raquor c gtraquobull bullraquo bull raquoftf t

(-I(-I XX

||

ltlt bulllt u2666bull bull tt a Itt u25a0( I vv u0084u0084

bull0bull0

iiO3O3

1 II

y

bull bull bull

u25a0aebemdix b

HQBBL FOR BlffKQliBSMRff

Date

Hour

Patrol sent by Company bullraquobull raquo bdquo laquo Regiment

Map reference

Compos itI-om Officersraquo Rraquo00laquooraquolaquo ampbull

raquo raquo laquoltlaquoolaquoolaquolaquooMission bull

(Dime and place of -departure laquo

QI32Dcopy and place of retuin- gt gtu25a0 laquo laquodego

Route o (see slcetc3a)

Oasualties laquo laquo v

SuHszligiary of events laquobullbullbullbull

Sig3aature of patrol leader

Barils

I

Ammmx 0

the above system famishes an easy practical and

effective way of rendering -intelligenco data accessible and ltu25a0

V

STiitable for fiitKly

It is made tip by pastirig tracing jpa]3er or tMn letter

paper on a piece -of cardboard upon which the map of the sector

gthas been pasted at one end (lty)raquo

ffihe sheets at MAM are superdn^posedover- tlie map and

u25a0the daipiy information traced thereon each receiving the proper

datlaquo

After tracing the daily sheeiv place over it the slieet

at B and successively trace lipon it tlie data froft daily encopy Sj

thus having on MB)J the combined information of one weels ffihis

may be used for longer periods by simply adding more tracing

sheets

It is suitable for patrols shelliag airplane flights

and enemy circulation and movements in stabilised warfare and

may be used in war of

movement for the same- or etfcer purposes-Z

Its -chief value is feat it does away wicii large files

of written or typed matter which must be placed upon maps

eventually and appreciatedto permit of their being studied

Sheets at tlAu are slipped raidgr the map after their 1

11 data hampsbeen traced on B

22iis system saves mariting up maps to the point where

they soon become illegible and may be isept on file for future

A

3iBfroHmigg i

Allx-eports of operations end niost of the intelli-

geioampe reports require slsetches either for a-mpiifylng the

sre]3Orfc or for salving a great amount of writing

Slcetolies made by troops in operations are smlaquoe to

be very inaccurate and are -usually impossible to locate on a

printed mplaquo

To remedy this situation the iutelligerjce section of the

division should prepare- maps traced from acoLirate maps of

-suitable so- le f which oaraquo be -issued inquantity

On tlicopy reverse side ot the oiaps for intelligence

officers may be printed tlie paragraph headings of the Siamraary

of data iof Intelligence spaced accordii^tg to the amount

u25a0ustially gathered lander tJaese headings

SOr platoon and section commanders^ a most tiseful

systen is to supply sketch maps vvith the outlines of the most

usual messages- or Ieqnests printed on the bacfe These ns^s

should always be available for patrol leaders and willac~

company their rspcrts

ThBTOCiG many methods of preparing sketch maps

Both the cyclostyle and mimeograph have given excellent re- i

snlts Contonrs are not of prime importance 9 tint i-oads

tQRTns- streams woods rhill-tops 9 and other llaquo--nd marlts are

vital

I(

u25a0

APampiflDIXEraquo

FOBH FOR A SUMMARY- 01 DHKLLISSKDE CQNFIIENTIAL

Not to be taken into front line

) NO

r bull

From To

X KSLjEROi IMHSSSION OF THE DAY

11 ElaquoiY FRONT LINES

111 EKSMYQRDEa OF BATOJIE

(a) Identifications (traquo) Pres-umed eneray oroer^of battle (c) Comnent on enemy units

u^ u25a0 1t(d) Sitiiation^ enemy reserves bull1 ul

u25a0gt bull (fylt^iIV EHSf^Y INFANTRY ACTIVITY

(u25a0V ESTY ARTILLSHY ACTIVITY )3^

h -ampSU u25a0lt Ir VI EMYAESRIAL ACTIVITY W^ ll^Vwbull bU^ lt iakC

c u0084bdquobull u0084 A

VII

VIII ENEMY WORKS

IX MISCEUuAjaDOUS mdash X EN3MY INDENTIONS ji V^

A fV^ v^l t PW-sPW-sXI ACTIVITYOF OUR OWN TROOJEB Ao-tn (c m So 11 oAToiWJ

BIRT 11 cV u0084 -bull-

u25a0u25a0u25a0lt u0084v - u25a0u25a0u25a0- raquo

Chief of StaffBy Direction of theAvv^ n A-v A vvs gtj

name rank

Ac C of S Glaquo2raquo OR

Order of (name of commanding officer) name rank

R10 or p Bn Io

u25a01 1 I raquofi 0 i

X

SUBJEOQB FOR GOIJSIISBRITION XtiMKXmUP A SUMMKY OP XI^SLLIGFJ^E -3

$he main headings given fee low in capital letters

villnot appear on the Summary^ Iwt are merely given to indishy

cate the systecopy on which the small headings have been arranged

Some of the headings^ for example listening posts observashy

tion posts etc should only be used for information when it

has a particular interest- froro the- point of view of the head

insect toider vMch it-iE) described In therr-iajority of cases it

is preferable to -incline general information of this nampturs bull under tiie general heading Enemys- front and stupor t lines11

Amdash^EHESRAi IHFOBMTIOIMi

v1 Operations bullZ Icl^ntifications 5 Air- reconnaigsances

B-^EfjSlar rS IESSJ^iSESt

4laquo 3rpnys front and stj^o^t lines 5 Sajps 6raquo Listening and snipers 1 posts 7 Observation posts 8 Machine ~sun emplaoements and nests 9 srencii-moijtar

10 Mines bullj11bull Screen So

12 Cupolas t

IS J)ug-laquoouts 14 Occupied buildings 15 Strong points (including defaided localities) 16 3neiuy fs x^atrols

(17laquo copyneajgr^s rear lines of ampefensegt 18 BneKiys aotiyity 19 Condition of galaquogtuiid

O-p-JJOVES-EMttS IS ENEMYS- LIMES AKD OROafX24shy5I0H liTKBpoundRlaquo

30 _u25a0 Routes an 4tracks used by ttamp enemy 2^ 22 23 S4

25

26 2-fraquo

fenqh railways Mg^yt railways Dumps Movements observed behind the enemys lines

(poundamprsomel and taansporlaquo) s u25a0Hiscellaneous occurrences in rear of the enemyu25a0u25a0

u25a0u25a0 u25a0lincopyo u25a0u25a0 bull Bcopyiiofs S

-Best billets- sndtoanips 28 -

lraquoocopyation of Jieadq^vfe-rters of rogiaienial and lo7eraquo u25a0 units and regimental frO3^a^es bull

29 bulllocation of headquarters of ilgadcopyg and hiier units

x

Ajgampandix F1 Cent

30 v

31 32 33

34 35

36 37 38- 39 40

41

4E 43raquo 44bull 45laquo 46 47 laquo

48 49 50raquo 51 52 53a

54

55 5S 5-7^ 58 59 60

Dmdash6IGSALJJJiB Wireless signals and signalling stations Visual signals and signalling stampticras j ligjht signals t

Searchlights

u25a0Jt^HSAS bull

location of gas cylinders Wind tests (smo2copy flags etc)

raquo-AHDIXMRY

Enerays shelling (artillery activity) Enemyls batteries suspected arid located Distribution of idstile artillery on army froampi Armored trains Location of hostile observation balloons

artillery firelaquoEffect of our

G^QUI]EM3raquo

Shells other than gas shells 6ae (and lachrsTinatory) shells Fuses

projectiles -

Hand and rifle grenades Miscellaneous projectiles Plash-concealing apparatus Gas apparatus SmoKe apparatus Plame projector

and telegraph equipment3el^honeUniform Miscellaneous equipment

amp-QWNOB

General

Infantry^Artillery Oavalry Other arms Airship and airplane movements

)

3

r

61 l^rpes of aircraft bull62

63

64 65 66 67 68raquo 69 70 71 72 73 74

75 bulllt

Distinguishing marlcs on aircraft

JmdashORGAHEamOH

Composition etc )

Organiaation Composition Organization Machine-^un

of higher forations (corps divisions

of infantry units of conpanies of cavalry units

units organization of Foot artillery organization of Field artillery organization of Trenohiaortar units organization of Pioneers organization of Construction battalions organization of Flying units organization of transport units (horse and mechanical organizashy

tion of-Bailvay services oaganization of

j

f

VV--A u25a0u25a0

j- I

ispndix gtlaquoPraquo Cont N

bull^ 6raquo Survey detachments organisation of u25a0 77raquo Signal -emits cv^nizaQtonofo

78raquo Carri er pigsonsj organisation of raquo bull

79laquo Misce llsaieaas units

vOTgcopynizati^n of

00bull Qjiampttges In octama-nd 81laquo Alterations in array groupiiigs

KmdashIARSS IEIiOOP-HOraSJEDS

82 SSeaaafer-s from aad tci~otir front

LmdashMISOBLIiiHBOUS 83 Enemys riiseslaquo 84-laquo Schools of instruction 85 Officers (supply and training )gtu25a0

86 Eebruiting i -87raquo Cag-ualtieso l

_s

88bull Enemys morale 89raquo Internal situation in enemys cotintry

-shy

V

(c) To examine all persons found loitering near laquo

placeszlig of military importance

(f) To examine passes in ttfe hands bf civilians

and report any irregularities with regard to them

N (g) To collect from refugees and others useful

information regarding the country behind the enemys lines

(h) To find otrt persons who would be suitable as

guides or possible agents and report their names

(i) To control and investigate tho movements of

civilian workmen employed under the engineers quartermaster

or Other departments of the army

264 Counter-espionage officers will prepare and keep

up to datamp lists of reliable persons who reside in their

areas including localities within the enemy p lines Such

persons willbe communicated with for the purpose of obtainshyu25a0u25a0-

u25a0bullbull u25a0u25a0-1

j u25a0u25a0u25a0 -

ing the names of additional local resilents who may be reshy

lied upon The services of all of thssc inhabitants will be

utilised for the purpose of discovering individuals who have

been virorking for or have oe^n present in frontier towis with

the enemy In case of the arrest of persons so discovered

appropriate msasures will be taken in conjinretion with the

Provdst Marshal General 1s Department vhich is charged with

their safekeeping in the event of arrest

265 During each stage of an advance the intelligence

police will

(a) Be on the watch for all methods by which hostile

agents can communicate with the enemy eg by hidden telephones

wireless apparatus carrier pigeons light signals etcraquogtx (b) Make themselves acquainted with the local inshy

habitants and endeavor by every means in their power to disshy

cover what hostile units have been in occupation of the district 100

8

(c) Make inquiries among the inhabitants as to

suspicious characters and find out whether 6he re have heeamp

any recent arrivals in the locality

(d) Keep a strict watch over cafes and hotels which

have been frequented by the enemy

(c) Ascertain where the enemys headquarters have

been and make a careful search for any maps or documents

which may have been left behind

(f) Find out what buildings bridges or roads are

supposed to have been mined

266 Intelligence police personnel willalways be in

close touch with the headquarters of the division or brishy

gade in whose area they are operating and with the countershy

espionage officer of the entire area or at army headquarters

They will transmit information promptly to these authorishy

ties in order that it may be actampd upon with equal promptshy

ness

j

101

v

V

u25a0J

f

A P PliDIG B So

APPENDIX A

OBSBEmmS KEPOHffo

In oampder to -matee certain that no Valuable facts

related to ah observation become lost through carelessness

or oversight on tlie part of an ob server $ the accompanying

blank form Is supplied These should be gotten yp in boofc form with per- gt

forated edge 9 arranged for duplioatiagraquo- Eh blanks should V

be about 13 xBn and supplied in bloclrs as refi33a rs 9 printed

On both sides Covers should be and Inner side of )

left cover provided so as to hold a map A waterproof oase

-with for carrying must be issued with the boofe

Qrlginals will^beturned In to iiie intelligence-u25a0

u25a0

officer at a prescribed j

time and rrampf

be gathered gt

upbsr him

at any tame duriiig tours of inspections

V

f

i II

5353

u25ba H laquof bullbull r traquo laquo u2666 t Ilaquor t V tr bullraquo r ilaquo raquo

IIbull^5bull^5

u25a0u25a0 bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull u2666u2666rr

cc

raquo 4lt bullraquo bullbull bullraquo tlaquo raquo raquolaquo bullraquo f 4 laquo4 f ^ ir fr raquobull bullltbull laquo^ raquorraquor OO

oo MMcc pxJpxJampamp 33

laquo bull bullbullu25a0 bull bull

f

bulllaquo ltlaquo

r

t laquor

t

bull r laquor

bullu25a0bullu25a0 bullbullbullbull

HHiiLULUII

titi hihiaasectsectbullu25a03bullu25a03

-- --ii

HH |01|01

OOVslVVslVs1s1

cocoraquoraquoNNHH

COCO

|P3|P3

0202ICOICO

ooaaPP

r r

oo SS

II

SriSriOO

cc

wwiwiwiiool-dl-d-d-d[[

u25a0idu25a0id

bulllaquo bulllaquo raquo it laquoraquo laquobull laquolbullraquo gtlaquo raquobulllaquo bullilaquor tr traquo laquoraquo tr raquor c gtraquobull bullraquo bull raquoftf t

(-I(-I XX

||

ltlt bulllt u2666bull bull tt a Itt u25a0( I vv u0084u0084

bull0bull0

iiO3O3

1 II

y

bull bull bull

u25a0aebemdix b

HQBBL FOR BlffKQliBSMRff

Date

Hour

Patrol sent by Company bullraquobull raquo bdquo laquo Regiment

Map reference

Compos itI-om Officersraquo Rraquo00laquooraquolaquo ampbull

raquo raquo laquoltlaquoolaquoolaquolaquooMission bull

(Dime and place of -departure laquo

QI32Dcopy and place of retuin- gt gtu25a0 laquo laquodego

Route o (see slcetc3a)

Oasualties laquo laquo v

SuHszligiary of events laquobullbullbullbull

Sig3aature of patrol leader

Barils

I

Ammmx 0

the above system famishes an easy practical and

effective way of rendering -intelligenco data accessible and ltu25a0

V

STiitable for fiitKly

It is made tip by pastirig tracing jpa]3er or tMn letter

paper on a piece -of cardboard upon which the map of the sector

gthas been pasted at one end (lty)raquo

ffihe sheets at MAM are superdn^posedover- tlie map and

u25a0the daipiy information traced thereon each receiving the proper

datlaquo

After tracing the daily sheeiv place over it the slieet

at B and successively trace lipon it tlie data froft daily encopy Sj

thus having on MB)J the combined information of one weels ffihis

may be used for longer periods by simply adding more tracing

sheets

It is suitable for patrols shelliag airplane flights

and enemy circulation and movements in stabilised warfare and

may be used in war of

movement for the same- or etfcer purposes-Z

Its -chief value is feat it does away wicii large files

of written or typed matter which must be placed upon maps

eventually and appreciatedto permit of their being studied

Sheets at tlAu are slipped raidgr the map after their 1

11 data hampsbeen traced on B

22iis system saves mariting up maps to the point where

they soon become illegible and may be isept on file for future

A

3iBfroHmigg i

Allx-eports of operations end niost of the intelli-

geioampe reports require slsetches either for a-mpiifylng the

sre]3Orfc or for salving a great amount of writing

Slcetolies made by troops in operations are smlaquoe to

be very inaccurate and are -usually impossible to locate on a

printed mplaquo

To remedy this situation the iutelligerjce section of the

division should prepare- maps traced from acoLirate maps of

-suitable so- le f which oaraquo be -issued inquantity

On tlicopy reverse side ot the oiaps for intelligence

officers may be printed tlie paragraph headings of the Siamraary

of data iof Intelligence spaced accordii^tg to the amount

u25a0ustially gathered lander tJaese headings

SOr platoon and section commanders^ a most tiseful

systen is to supply sketch maps vvith the outlines of the most

usual messages- or Ieqnests printed on the bacfe These ns^s

should always be available for patrol leaders and willac~

company their rspcrts

ThBTOCiG many methods of preparing sketch maps

Both the cyclostyle and mimeograph have given excellent re- i

snlts Contonrs are not of prime importance 9 tint i-oads

tQRTns- streams woods rhill-tops 9 and other llaquo--nd marlts are

vital

I(

u25a0

APampiflDIXEraquo

FOBH FOR A SUMMARY- 01 DHKLLISSKDE CQNFIIENTIAL

Not to be taken into front line

) NO

r bull

From To

X KSLjEROi IMHSSSION OF THE DAY

11 ElaquoiY FRONT LINES

111 EKSMYQRDEa OF BATOJIE

(a) Identifications (traquo) Pres-umed eneray oroer^of battle (c) Comnent on enemy units

u^ u25a0 1t(d) Sitiiation^ enemy reserves bull1 ul

u25a0gt bull (fylt^iIV EHSf^Y INFANTRY ACTIVITY

(u25a0V ESTY ARTILLSHY ACTIVITY )3^

h -ampSU u25a0lt Ir VI EMYAESRIAL ACTIVITY W^ ll^Vwbull bU^ lt iakC

c u0084bdquobull u0084 A

VII

VIII ENEMY WORKS

IX MISCEUuAjaDOUS mdash X EN3MY INDENTIONS ji V^

A fV^ v^l t PW-sPW-sXI ACTIVITYOF OUR OWN TROOJEB Ao-tn (c m So 11 oAToiWJ

BIRT 11 cV u0084 -bull-

u25a0u25a0u25a0lt u0084v - u25a0u25a0u25a0- raquo

Chief of StaffBy Direction of theAvv^ n A-v A vvs gtj

name rank

Ac C of S Glaquo2raquo OR

Order of (name of commanding officer) name rank

R10 or p Bn Io

u25a01 1 I raquofi 0 i

X

SUBJEOQB FOR GOIJSIISBRITION XtiMKXmUP A SUMMKY OP XI^SLLIGFJ^E -3

$he main headings given fee low in capital letters

villnot appear on the Summary^ Iwt are merely given to indishy

cate the systecopy on which the small headings have been arranged

Some of the headings^ for example listening posts observashy

tion posts etc should only be used for information when it

has a particular interest- froro the- point of view of the head

insect toider vMch it-iE) described In therr-iajority of cases it

is preferable to -incline general information of this nampturs bull under tiie general heading Enemys- front and stupor t lines11

Amdash^EHESRAi IHFOBMTIOIMi

v1 Operations bullZ Icl^ntifications 5 Air- reconnaigsances

B-^EfjSlar rS IESSJ^iSESt

4laquo 3rpnys front and stj^o^t lines 5 Sajps 6raquo Listening and snipers 1 posts 7 Observation posts 8 Machine ~sun emplaoements and nests 9 srencii-moijtar

10 Mines bullj11bull Screen So

12 Cupolas t

IS J)ug-laquoouts 14 Occupied buildings 15 Strong points (including defaided localities) 16 3neiuy fs x^atrols

(17laquo copyneajgr^s rear lines of ampefensegt 18 BneKiys aotiyity 19 Condition of galaquogtuiid

O-p-JJOVES-EMttS IS ENEMYS- LIMES AKD OROafX24shy5I0H liTKBpoundRlaquo

30 _u25a0 Routes an 4tracks used by ttamp enemy 2^ 22 23 S4

25

26 2-fraquo

fenqh railways Mg^yt railways Dumps Movements observed behind the enemys lines

(poundamprsomel and taansporlaquo) s u25a0Hiscellaneous occurrences in rear of the enemyu25a0u25a0

u25a0u25a0 u25a0lincopyo u25a0u25a0 bull Bcopyiiofs S

-Best billets- sndtoanips 28 -

lraquoocopyation of Jieadq^vfe-rters of rogiaienial and lo7eraquo u25a0 units and regimental frO3^a^es bull

29 bulllocation of headquarters of ilgadcopyg and hiier units

x

Ajgampandix F1 Cent

30 v

31 32 33

34 35

36 37 38- 39 40

41

4E 43raquo 44bull 45laquo 46 47 laquo

48 49 50raquo 51 52 53a

54

55 5S 5-7^ 58 59 60

Dmdash6IGSALJJJiB Wireless signals and signalling stations Visual signals and signalling stampticras j ligjht signals t

Searchlights

u25a0Jt^HSAS bull

location of gas cylinders Wind tests (smo2copy flags etc)

raquo-AHDIXMRY

Enerays shelling (artillery activity) Enemyls batteries suspected arid located Distribution of idstile artillery on army froampi Armored trains Location of hostile observation balloons

artillery firelaquoEffect of our

G^QUI]EM3raquo

Shells other than gas shells 6ae (and lachrsTinatory) shells Fuses

projectiles -

Hand and rifle grenades Miscellaneous projectiles Plash-concealing apparatus Gas apparatus SmoKe apparatus Plame projector

and telegraph equipment3el^honeUniform Miscellaneous equipment

amp-QWNOB

General

Infantry^Artillery Oavalry Other arms Airship and airplane movements

)

3

r

61 l^rpes of aircraft bull62

63

64 65 66 67 68raquo 69 70 71 72 73 74

75 bulllt

Distinguishing marlcs on aircraft

JmdashORGAHEamOH

Composition etc )

Organiaation Composition Organization Machine-^un

of higher forations (corps divisions

of infantry units of conpanies of cavalry units

units organization of Foot artillery organization of Field artillery organization of Trenohiaortar units organization of Pioneers organization of Construction battalions organization of Flying units organization of transport units (horse and mechanical organizashy

tion of-Bailvay services oaganization of

j

f

VV--A u25a0u25a0

j- I

ispndix gtlaquoPraquo Cont N

bull^ 6raquo Survey detachments organisation of u25a0 77raquo Signal -emits cv^nizaQtonofo

78raquo Carri er pigsonsj organisation of raquo bull

79laquo Misce llsaieaas units

vOTgcopynizati^n of

00bull Qjiampttges In octama-nd 81laquo Alterations in array groupiiigs

KmdashIARSS IEIiOOP-HOraSJEDS

82 SSeaaafer-s from aad tci~otir front

LmdashMISOBLIiiHBOUS 83 Enemys riiseslaquo 84-laquo Schools of instruction 85 Officers (supply and training )gtu25a0

86 Eebruiting i -87raquo Cag-ualtieso l

_s

88bull Enemys morale 89raquo Internal situation in enemys cotintry

-shy

(c) Make inquiries among the inhabitants as to

suspicious characters and find out whether 6he re have heeamp

any recent arrivals in the locality

(d) Keep a strict watch over cafes and hotels which

have been frequented by the enemy

(c) Ascertain where the enemys headquarters have

been and make a careful search for any maps or documents

which may have been left behind

(f) Find out what buildings bridges or roads are

supposed to have been mined

266 Intelligence police personnel willalways be in

close touch with the headquarters of the division or brishy

gade in whose area they are operating and with the countershy

espionage officer of the entire area or at army headquarters

They will transmit information promptly to these authorishy

ties in order that it may be actampd upon with equal promptshy

ness

j

101

v

V

u25a0J

f

A P PliDIG B So

APPENDIX A

OBSBEmmS KEPOHffo

In oampder to -matee certain that no Valuable facts

related to ah observation become lost through carelessness

or oversight on tlie part of an ob server $ the accompanying

blank form Is supplied These should be gotten yp in boofc form with per- gt

forated edge 9 arranged for duplioatiagraquo- Eh blanks should V

be about 13 xBn and supplied in bloclrs as refi33a rs 9 printed

On both sides Covers should be and Inner side of )

left cover provided so as to hold a map A waterproof oase

-with for carrying must be issued with the boofe

Qrlginals will^beturned In to iiie intelligence-u25a0

u25a0

officer at a prescribed j

time and rrampf

be gathered gt

upbsr him

at any tame duriiig tours of inspections

V

f

i II

5353

u25ba H laquof bullbull r traquo laquo u2666 t Ilaquor t V tr bullraquo r ilaquo raquo

IIbull^5bull^5

u25a0u25a0 bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull u2666u2666rr

cc

raquo 4lt bullraquo bullbull bullraquo tlaquo raquo raquolaquo bullraquo f 4 laquo4 f ^ ir fr raquobull bullltbull laquo^ raquorraquor OO

oo MMcc pxJpxJampamp 33

laquo bull bullbullu25a0 bull bull

f

bulllaquo ltlaquo

r

t laquor

t

bull r laquor

bullu25a0bullu25a0 bullbullbullbull

HHiiLULUII

titi hihiaasectsectbullu25a03bullu25a03

-- --ii

HH |01|01

OOVslVVslVs1s1

cocoraquoraquoNNHH

COCO

|P3|P3

0202ICOICO

ooaaPP

r r

oo SS

II

SriSriOO

cc

wwiwiwiiool-dl-d-d-d[[

u25a0idu25a0id

bulllaquo bulllaquo raquo it laquoraquo laquobull laquolbullraquo gtlaquo raquobulllaquo bullilaquor tr traquo laquoraquo tr raquor c gtraquobull bullraquo bull raquoftf t

(-I(-I XX

||

ltlt bulllt u2666bull bull tt a Itt u25a0( I vv u0084u0084

bull0bull0

iiO3O3

1 II

y

bull bull bull

u25a0aebemdix b

HQBBL FOR BlffKQliBSMRff

Date

Hour

Patrol sent by Company bullraquobull raquo bdquo laquo Regiment

Map reference

Compos itI-om Officersraquo Rraquo00laquooraquolaquo ampbull

raquo raquo laquoltlaquoolaquoolaquolaquooMission bull

(Dime and place of -departure laquo

QI32Dcopy and place of retuin- gt gtu25a0 laquo laquodego

Route o (see slcetc3a)

Oasualties laquo laquo v

SuHszligiary of events laquobullbullbullbull

Sig3aature of patrol leader

Barils

I

Ammmx 0

the above system famishes an easy practical and

effective way of rendering -intelligenco data accessible and ltu25a0

V

STiitable for fiitKly

It is made tip by pastirig tracing jpa]3er or tMn letter

paper on a piece -of cardboard upon which the map of the sector

gthas been pasted at one end (lty)raquo

ffihe sheets at MAM are superdn^posedover- tlie map and

u25a0the daipiy information traced thereon each receiving the proper

datlaquo

After tracing the daily sheeiv place over it the slieet

at B and successively trace lipon it tlie data froft daily encopy Sj

thus having on MB)J the combined information of one weels ffihis

may be used for longer periods by simply adding more tracing

sheets

It is suitable for patrols shelliag airplane flights

and enemy circulation and movements in stabilised warfare and

may be used in war of

movement for the same- or etfcer purposes-Z

Its -chief value is feat it does away wicii large files

of written or typed matter which must be placed upon maps

eventually and appreciatedto permit of their being studied

Sheets at tlAu are slipped raidgr the map after their 1

11 data hampsbeen traced on B

22iis system saves mariting up maps to the point where

they soon become illegible and may be isept on file for future

A

3iBfroHmigg i

Allx-eports of operations end niost of the intelli-

geioampe reports require slsetches either for a-mpiifylng the

sre]3Orfc or for salving a great amount of writing

Slcetolies made by troops in operations are smlaquoe to

be very inaccurate and are -usually impossible to locate on a

printed mplaquo

To remedy this situation the iutelligerjce section of the

division should prepare- maps traced from acoLirate maps of

-suitable so- le f which oaraquo be -issued inquantity

On tlicopy reverse side ot the oiaps for intelligence

officers may be printed tlie paragraph headings of the Siamraary

of data iof Intelligence spaced accordii^tg to the amount

u25a0ustially gathered lander tJaese headings

SOr platoon and section commanders^ a most tiseful

systen is to supply sketch maps vvith the outlines of the most

usual messages- or Ieqnests printed on the bacfe These ns^s

should always be available for patrol leaders and willac~

company their rspcrts

ThBTOCiG many methods of preparing sketch maps

Both the cyclostyle and mimeograph have given excellent re- i

snlts Contonrs are not of prime importance 9 tint i-oads

tQRTns- streams woods rhill-tops 9 and other llaquo--nd marlts are

vital

I(

u25a0

APampiflDIXEraquo

FOBH FOR A SUMMARY- 01 DHKLLISSKDE CQNFIIENTIAL

Not to be taken into front line

) NO

r bull

From To

X KSLjEROi IMHSSSION OF THE DAY

11 ElaquoiY FRONT LINES

111 EKSMYQRDEa OF BATOJIE

(a) Identifications (traquo) Pres-umed eneray oroer^of battle (c) Comnent on enemy units

u^ u25a0 1t(d) Sitiiation^ enemy reserves bull1 ul

u25a0gt bull (fylt^iIV EHSf^Y INFANTRY ACTIVITY

(u25a0V ESTY ARTILLSHY ACTIVITY )3^

h -ampSU u25a0lt Ir VI EMYAESRIAL ACTIVITY W^ ll^Vwbull bU^ lt iakC

c u0084bdquobull u0084 A

VII

VIII ENEMY WORKS

IX MISCEUuAjaDOUS mdash X EN3MY INDENTIONS ji V^

A fV^ v^l t PW-sPW-sXI ACTIVITYOF OUR OWN TROOJEB Ao-tn (c m So 11 oAToiWJ

BIRT 11 cV u0084 -bull-

u25a0u25a0u25a0lt u0084v - u25a0u25a0u25a0- raquo

Chief of StaffBy Direction of theAvv^ n A-v A vvs gtj

name rank

Ac C of S Glaquo2raquo OR

Order of (name of commanding officer) name rank

R10 or p Bn Io

u25a01 1 I raquofi 0 i

X

SUBJEOQB FOR GOIJSIISBRITION XtiMKXmUP A SUMMKY OP XI^SLLIGFJ^E -3

$he main headings given fee low in capital letters

villnot appear on the Summary^ Iwt are merely given to indishy

cate the systecopy on which the small headings have been arranged

Some of the headings^ for example listening posts observashy

tion posts etc should only be used for information when it

has a particular interest- froro the- point of view of the head

insect toider vMch it-iE) described In therr-iajority of cases it

is preferable to -incline general information of this nampturs bull under tiie general heading Enemys- front and stupor t lines11

Amdash^EHESRAi IHFOBMTIOIMi

v1 Operations bullZ Icl^ntifications 5 Air- reconnaigsances

B-^EfjSlar rS IESSJ^iSESt

4laquo 3rpnys front and stj^o^t lines 5 Sajps 6raquo Listening and snipers 1 posts 7 Observation posts 8 Machine ~sun emplaoements and nests 9 srencii-moijtar

10 Mines bullj11bull Screen So

12 Cupolas t

IS J)ug-laquoouts 14 Occupied buildings 15 Strong points (including defaided localities) 16 3neiuy fs x^atrols

(17laquo copyneajgr^s rear lines of ampefensegt 18 BneKiys aotiyity 19 Condition of galaquogtuiid

O-p-JJOVES-EMttS IS ENEMYS- LIMES AKD OROafX24shy5I0H liTKBpoundRlaquo

30 _u25a0 Routes an 4tracks used by ttamp enemy 2^ 22 23 S4

25

26 2-fraquo

fenqh railways Mg^yt railways Dumps Movements observed behind the enemys lines

(poundamprsomel and taansporlaquo) s u25a0Hiscellaneous occurrences in rear of the enemyu25a0u25a0

u25a0u25a0 u25a0lincopyo u25a0u25a0 bull Bcopyiiofs S

-Best billets- sndtoanips 28 -

lraquoocopyation of Jieadq^vfe-rters of rogiaienial and lo7eraquo u25a0 units and regimental frO3^a^es bull

29 bulllocation of headquarters of ilgadcopyg and hiier units

x

Ajgampandix F1 Cent

30 v

31 32 33

34 35

36 37 38- 39 40

41

4E 43raquo 44bull 45laquo 46 47 laquo

48 49 50raquo 51 52 53a

54

55 5S 5-7^ 58 59 60

Dmdash6IGSALJJJiB Wireless signals and signalling stations Visual signals and signalling stampticras j ligjht signals t

Searchlights

u25a0Jt^HSAS bull

location of gas cylinders Wind tests (smo2copy flags etc)

raquo-AHDIXMRY

Enerays shelling (artillery activity) Enemyls batteries suspected arid located Distribution of idstile artillery on army froampi Armored trains Location of hostile observation balloons

artillery firelaquoEffect of our

G^QUI]EM3raquo

Shells other than gas shells 6ae (and lachrsTinatory) shells Fuses

projectiles -

Hand and rifle grenades Miscellaneous projectiles Plash-concealing apparatus Gas apparatus SmoKe apparatus Plame projector

and telegraph equipment3el^honeUniform Miscellaneous equipment

amp-QWNOB

General

Infantry^Artillery Oavalry Other arms Airship and airplane movements

)

3

r

61 l^rpes of aircraft bull62

63

64 65 66 67 68raquo 69 70 71 72 73 74

75 bulllt

Distinguishing marlcs on aircraft

JmdashORGAHEamOH

Composition etc )

Organiaation Composition Organization Machine-^un

of higher forations (corps divisions

of infantry units of conpanies of cavalry units

units organization of Foot artillery organization of Field artillery organization of Trenohiaortar units organization of Pioneers organization of Construction battalions organization of Flying units organization of transport units (horse and mechanical organizashy

tion of-Bailvay services oaganization of

j

f

VV--A u25a0u25a0

j- I

ispndix gtlaquoPraquo Cont N

bull^ 6raquo Survey detachments organisation of u25a0 77raquo Signal -emits cv^nizaQtonofo

78raquo Carri er pigsonsj organisation of raquo bull

79laquo Misce llsaieaas units

vOTgcopynizati^n of

00bull Qjiampttges In octama-nd 81laquo Alterations in array groupiiigs

KmdashIARSS IEIiOOP-HOraSJEDS

82 SSeaaafer-s from aad tci~otir front

LmdashMISOBLIiiHBOUS 83 Enemys riiseslaquo 84-laquo Schools of instruction 85 Officers (supply and training )gtu25a0

86 Eebruiting i -87raquo Cag-ualtieso l

_s

88bull Enemys morale 89raquo Internal situation in enemys cotintry

-shy

u25a0J

f

A P PliDIG B So

APPENDIX A

OBSBEmmS KEPOHffo

In oampder to -matee certain that no Valuable facts

related to ah observation become lost through carelessness

or oversight on tlie part of an ob server $ the accompanying

blank form Is supplied These should be gotten yp in boofc form with per- gt

forated edge 9 arranged for duplioatiagraquo- Eh blanks should V

be about 13 xBn and supplied in bloclrs as refi33a rs 9 printed

On both sides Covers should be and Inner side of )

left cover provided so as to hold a map A waterproof oase

-with for carrying must be issued with the boofe

Qrlginals will^beturned In to iiie intelligence-u25a0

u25a0

officer at a prescribed j

time and rrampf

be gathered gt

upbsr him

at any tame duriiig tours of inspections

V

f

i II

5353

u25ba H laquof bullbull r traquo laquo u2666 t Ilaquor t V tr bullraquo r ilaquo raquo

IIbull^5bull^5

u25a0u25a0 bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull u2666u2666rr

cc

raquo 4lt bullraquo bullbull bullraquo tlaquo raquo raquolaquo bullraquo f 4 laquo4 f ^ ir fr raquobull bullltbull laquo^ raquorraquor OO

oo MMcc pxJpxJampamp 33

laquo bull bullbullu25a0 bull bull

f

bulllaquo ltlaquo

r

t laquor

t

bull r laquor

bullu25a0bullu25a0 bullbullbullbull

HHiiLULUII

titi hihiaasectsectbullu25a03bullu25a03

-- --ii

HH |01|01

OOVslVVslVs1s1

cocoraquoraquoNNHH

COCO

|P3|P3

0202ICOICO

ooaaPP

r r

oo SS

II

SriSriOO

cc

wwiwiwiiool-dl-d-d-d[[

u25a0idu25a0id

bulllaquo bulllaquo raquo it laquoraquo laquobull laquolbullraquo gtlaquo raquobulllaquo bullilaquor tr traquo laquoraquo tr raquor c gtraquobull bullraquo bull raquoftf t

(-I(-I XX

||

ltlt bulllt u2666bull bull tt a Itt u25a0( I vv u0084u0084

bull0bull0

iiO3O3

1 II

y

bull bull bull

u25a0aebemdix b

HQBBL FOR BlffKQliBSMRff

Date

Hour

Patrol sent by Company bullraquobull raquo bdquo laquo Regiment

Map reference

Compos itI-om Officersraquo Rraquo00laquooraquolaquo ampbull

raquo raquo laquoltlaquoolaquoolaquolaquooMission bull

(Dime and place of -departure laquo

QI32Dcopy and place of retuin- gt gtu25a0 laquo laquodego

Route o (see slcetc3a)

Oasualties laquo laquo v

SuHszligiary of events laquobullbullbullbull

Sig3aature of patrol leader

Barils

I

Ammmx 0

the above system famishes an easy practical and

effective way of rendering -intelligenco data accessible and ltu25a0

V

STiitable for fiitKly

It is made tip by pastirig tracing jpa]3er or tMn letter

paper on a piece -of cardboard upon which the map of the sector

gthas been pasted at one end (lty)raquo

ffihe sheets at MAM are superdn^posedover- tlie map and

u25a0the daipiy information traced thereon each receiving the proper

datlaquo

After tracing the daily sheeiv place over it the slieet

at B and successively trace lipon it tlie data froft daily encopy Sj

thus having on MB)J the combined information of one weels ffihis

may be used for longer periods by simply adding more tracing

sheets

It is suitable for patrols shelliag airplane flights

and enemy circulation and movements in stabilised warfare and

may be used in war of

movement for the same- or etfcer purposes-Z

Its -chief value is feat it does away wicii large files

of written or typed matter which must be placed upon maps

eventually and appreciatedto permit of their being studied

Sheets at tlAu are slipped raidgr the map after their 1

11 data hampsbeen traced on B

22iis system saves mariting up maps to the point where

they soon become illegible and may be isept on file for future

A

3iBfroHmigg i

Allx-eports of operations end niost of the intelli-

geioampe reports require slsetches either for a-mpiifylng the

sre]3Orfc or for salving a great amount of writing

Slcetolies made by troops in operations are smlaquoe to

be very inaccurate and are -usually impossible to locate on a

printed mplaquo

To remedy this situation the iutelligerjce section of the

division should prepare- maps traced from acoLirate maps of

-suitable so- le f which oaraquo be -issued inquantity

On tlicopy reverse side ot the oiaps for intelligence

officers may be printed tlie paragraph headings of the Siamraary

of data iof Intelligence spaced accordii^tg to the amount

u25a0ustially gathered lander tJaese headings

SOr platoon and section commanders^ a most tiseful

systen is to supply sketch maps vvith the outlines of the most

usual messages- or Ieqnests printed on the bacfe These ns^s

should always be available for patrol leaders and willac~

company their rspcrts

ThBTOCiG many methods of preparing sketch maps

Both the cyclostyle and mimeograph have given excellent re- i

snlts Contonrs are not of prime importance 9 tint i-oads

tQRTns- streams woods rhill-tops 9 and other llaquo--nd marlts are

vital

I(

u25a0

APampiflDIXEraquo

FOBH FOR A SUMMARY- 01 DHKLLISSKDE CQNFIIENTIAL

Not to be taken into front line

) NO

r bull

From To

X KSLjEROi IMHSSSION OF THE DAY

11 ElaquoiY FRONT LINES

111 EKSMYQRDEa OF BATOJIE

(a) Identifications (traquo) Pres-umed eneray oroer^of battle (c) Comnent on enemy units

u^ u25a0 1t(d) Sitiiation^ enemy reserves bull1 ul

u25a0gt bull (fylt^iIV EHSf^Y INFANTRY ACTIVITY

(u25a0V ESTY ARTILLSHY ACTIVITY )3^

h -ampSU u25a0lt Ir VI EMYAESRIAL ACTIVITY W^ ll^Vwbull bU^ lt iakC

c u0084bdquobull u0084 A

VII

VIII ENEMY WORKS

IX MISCEUuAjaDOUS mdash X EN3MY INDENTIONS ji V^

A fV^ v^l t PW-sPW-sXI ACTIVITYOF OUR OWN TROOJEB Ao-tn (c m So 11 oAToiWJ

BIRT 11 cV u0084 -bull-

u25a0u25a0u25a0lt u0084v - u25a0u25a0u25a0- raquo

Chief of StaffBy Direction of theAvv^ n A-v A vvs gtj

name rank

Ac C of S Glaquo2raquo OR

Order of (name of commanding officer) name rank

R10 or p Bn Io

u25a01 1 I raquofi 0 i

X

SUBJEOQB FOR GOIJSIISBRITION XtiMKXmUP A SUMMKY OP XI^SLLIGFJ^E -3

$he main headings given fee low in capital letters

villnot appear on the Summary^ Iwt are merely given to indishy

cate the systecopy on which the small headings have been arranged

Some of the headings^ for example listening posts observashy

tion posts etc should only be used for information when it

has a particular interest- froro the- point of view of the head

insect toider vMch it-iE) described In therr-iajority of cases it

is preferable to -incline general information of this nampturs bull under tiie general heading Enemys- front and stupor t lines11

Amdash^EHESRAi IHFOBMTIOIMi

v1 Operations bullZ Icl^ntifications 5 Air- reconnaigsances

B-^EfjSlar rS IESSJ^iSESt

4laquo 3rpnys front and stj^o^t lines 5 Sajps 6raquo Listening and snipers 1 posts 7 Observation posts 8 Machine ~sun emplaoements and nests 9 srencii-moijtar

10 Mines bullj11bull Screen So

12 Cupolas t

IS J)ug-laquoouts 14 Occupied buildings 15 Strong points (including defaided localities) 16 3neiuy fs x^atrols

(17laquo copyneajgr^s rear lines of ampefensegt 18 BneKiys aotiyity 19 Condition of galaquogtuiid

O-p-JJOVES-EMttS IS ENEMYS- LIMES AKD OROafX24shy5I0H liTKBpoundRlaquo

30 _u25a0 Routes an 4tracks used by ttamp enemy 2^ 22 23 S4

25

26 2-fraquo

fenqh railways Mg^yt railways Dumps Movements observed behind the enemys lines

(poundamprsomel and taansporlaquo) s u25a0Hiscellaneous occurrences in rear of the enemyu25a0u25a0

u25a0u25a0 u25a0lincopyo u25a0u25a0 bull Bcopyiiofs S

-Best billets- sndtoanips 28 -

lraquoocopyation of Jieadq^vfe-rters of rogiaienial and lo7eraquo u25a0 units and regimental frO3^a^es bull

29 bulllocation of headquarters of ilgadcopyg and hiier units

x

Ajgampandix F1 Cent

30 v

31 32 33

34 35

36 37 38- 39 40

41

4E 43raquo 44bull 45laquo 46 47 laquo

48 49 50raquo 51 52 53a

54

55 5S 5-7^ 58 59 60

Dmdash6IGSALJJJiB Wireless signals and signalling stations Visual signals and signalling stampticras j ligjht signals t

Searchlights

u25a0Jt^HSAS bull

location of gas cylinders Wind tests (smo2copy flags etc)

raquo-AHDIXMRY

Enerays shelling (artillery activity) Enemyls batteries suspected arid located Distribution of idstile artillery on army froampi Armored trains Location of hostile observation balloons

artillery firelaquoEffect of our

G^QUI]EM3raquo

Shells other than gas shells 6ae (and lachrsTinatory) shells Fuses

projectiles -

Hand and rifle grenades Miscellaneous projectiles Plash-concealing apparatus Gas apparatus SmoKe apparatus Plame projector

and telegraph equipment3el^honeUniform Miscellaneous equipment

amp-QWNOB

General

Infantry^Artillery Oavalry Other arms Airship and airplane movements

)

3

r

61 l^rpes of aircraft bull62

63

64 65 66 67 68raquo 69 70 71 72 73 74

75 bulllt

Distinguishing marlcs on aircraft

JmdashORGAHEamOH

Composition etc )

Organiaation Composition Organization Machine-^un

of higher forations (corps divisions

of infantry units of conpanies of cavalry units

units organization of Foot artillery organization of Field artillery organization of Trenohiaortar units organization of Pioneers organization of Construction battalions organization of Flying units organization of transport units (horse and mechanical organizashy

tion of-Bailvay services oaganization of

j

f

VV--A u25a0u25a0

j- I

ispndix gtlaquoPraquo Cont N

bull^ 6raquo Survey detachments organisation of u25a0 77raquo Signal -emits cv^nizaQtonofo

78raquo Carri er pigsonsj organisation of raquo bull

79laquo Misce llsaieaas units

vOTgcopynizati^n of

00bull Qjiampttges In octama-nd 81laquo Alterations in array groupiiigs

KmdashIARSS IEIiOOP-HOraSJEDS

82 SSeaaafer-s from aad tci~otir front

LmdashMISOBLIiiHBOUS 83 Enemys riiseslaquo 84-laquo Schools of instruction 85 Officers (supply and training )gtu25a0

86 Eebruiting i -87raquo Cag-ualtieso l

_s

88bull Enemys morale 89raquo Internal situation in enemys cotintry

-shy

APPENDIX A

OBSBEmmS KEPOHffo

In oampder to -matee certain that no Valuable facts

related to ah observation become lost through carelessness

or oversight on tlie part of an ob server $ the accompanying

blank form Is supplied These should be gotten yp in boofc form with per- gt

forated edge 9 arranged for duplioatiagraquo- Eh blanks should V

be about 13 xBn and supplied in bloclrs as refi33a rs 9 printed

On both sides Covers should be and Inner side of )

left cover provided so as to hold a map A waterproof oase

-with for carrying must be issued with the boofe

Qrlginals will^beturned In to iiie intelligence-u25a0

u25a0

officer at a prescribed j

time and rrampf

be gathered gt

upbsr him

at any tame duriiig tours of inspections

V

f

i II

5353

u25ba H laquof bullbull r traquo laquo u2666 t Ilaquor t V tr bullraquo r ilaquo raquo

IIbull^5bull^5

u25a0u25a0 bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull u2666u2666rr

cc

raquo 4lt bullraquo bullbull bullraquo tlaquo raquo raquolaquo bullraquo f 4 laquo4 f ^ ir fr raquobull bullltbull laquo^ raquorraquor OO

oo MMcc pxJpxJampamp 33

laquo bull bullbullu25a0 bull bull

f

bulllaquo ltlaquo

r

t laquor

t

bull r laquor

bullu25a0bullu25a0 bullbullbullbull

HHiiLULUII

titi hihiaasectsectbullu25a03bullu25a03

-- --ii

HH |01|01

OOVslVVslVs1s1

cocoraquoraquoNNHH

COCO

|P3|P3

0202ICOICO

ooaaPP

r r

oo SS

II

SriSriOO

cc

wwiwiwiiool-dl-d-d-d[[

u25a0idu25a0id

bulllaquo bulllaquo raquo it laquoraquo laquobull laquolbullraquo gtlaquo raquobulllaquo bullilaquor tr traquo laquoraquo tr raquor c gtraquobull bullraquo bull raquoftf t

(-I(-I XX

||

ltlt bulllt u2666bull bull tt a Itt u25a0( I vv u0084u0084

bull0bull0

iiO3O3

1 II

y

bull bull bull

u25a0aebemdix b

HQBBL FOR BlffKQliBSMRff

Date

Hour

Patrol sent by Company bullraquobull raquo bdquo laquo Regiment

Map reference

Compos itI-om Officersraquo Rraquo00laquooraquolaquo ampbull

raquo raquo laquoltlaquoolaquoolaquolaquooMission bull

(Dime and place of -departure laquo

QI32Dcopy and place of retuin- gt gtu25a0 laquo laquodego

Route o (see slcetc3a)

Oasualties laquo laquo v

SuHszligiary of events laquobullbullbullbull

Sig3aature of patrol leader

Barils

I

Ammmx 0

the above system famishes an easy practical and

effective way of rendering -intelligenco data accessible and ltu25a0

V

STiitable for fiitKly

It is made tip by pastirig tracing jpa]3er or tMn letter

paper on a piece -of cardboard upon which the map of the sector

gthas been pasted at one end (lty)raquo

ffihe sheets at MAM are superdn^posedover- tlie map and

u25a0the daipiy information traced thereon each receiving the proper

datlaquo

After tracing the daily sheeiv place over it the slieet

at B and successively trace lipon it tlie data froft daily encopy Sj

thus having on MB)J the combined information of one weels ffihis

may be used for longer periods by simply adding more tracing

sheets

It is suitable for patrols shelliag airplane flights

and enemy circulation and movements in stabilised warfare and

may be used in war of

movement for the same- or etfcer purposes-Z

Its -chief value is feat it does away wicii large files

of written or typed matter which must be placed upon maps

eventually and appreciatedto permit of their being studied

Sheets at tlAu are slipped raidgr the map after their 1

11 data hampsbeen traced on B

22iis system saves mariting up maps to the point where

they soon become illegible and may be isept on file for future

A

3iBfroHmigg i

Allx-eports of operations end niost of the intelli-

geioampe reports require slsetches either for a-mpiifylng the

sre]3Orfc or for salving a great amount of writing

Slcetolies made by troops in operations are smlaquoe to

be very inaccurate and are -usually impossible to locate on a

printed mplaquo

To remedy this situation the iutelligerjce section of the

division should prepare- maps traced from acoLirate maps of

-suitable so- le f which oaraquo be -issued inquantity

On tlicopy reverse side ot the oiaps for intelligence

officers may be printed tlie paragraph headings of the Siamraary

of data iof Intelligence spaced accordii^tg to the amount

u25a0ustially gathered lander tJaese headings

SOr platoon and section commanders^ a most tiseful

systen is to supply sketch maps vvith the outlines of the most

usual messages- or Ieqnests printed on the bacfe These ns^s

should always be available for patrol leaders and willac~

company their rspcrts

ThBTOCiG many methods of preparing sketch maps

Both the cyclostyle and mimeograph have given excellent re- i

snlts Contonrs are not of prime importance 9 tint i-oads

tQRTns- streams woods rhill-tops 9 and other llaquo--nd marlts are

vital

I(

u25a0

APampiflDIXEraquo

FOBH FOR A SUMMARY- 01 DHKLLISSKDE CQNFIIENTIAL

Not to be taken into front line

) NO

r bull

From To

X KSLjEROi IMHSSSION OF THE DAY

11 ElaquoiY FRONT LINES

111 EKSMYQRDEa OF BATOJIE

(a) Identifications (traquo) Pres-umed eneray oroer^of battle (c) Comnent on enemy units

u^ u25a0 1t(d) Sitiiation^ enemy reserves bull1 ul

u25a0gt bull (fylt^iIV EHSf^Y INFANTRY ACTIVITY

(u25a0V ESTY ARTILLSHY ACTIVITY )3^

h -ampSU u25a0lt Ir VI EMYAESRIAL ACTIVITY W^ ll^Vwbull bU^ lt iakC

c u0084bdquobull u0084 A

VII

VIII ENEMY WORKS

IX MISCEUuAjaDOUS mdash X EN3MY INDENTIONS ji V^

A fV^ v^l t PW-sPW-sXI ACTIVITYOF OUR OWN TROOJEB Ao-tn (c m So 11 oAToiWJ

BIRT 11 cV u0084 -bull-

u25a0u25a0u25a0lt u0084v - u25a0u25a0u25a0- raquo

Chief of StaffBy Direction of theAvv^ n A-v A vvs gtj

name rank

Ac C of S Glaquo2raquo OR

Order of (name of commanding officer) name rank

R10 or p Bn Io

u25a01 1 I raquofi 0 i

X

SUBJEOQB FOR GOIJSIISBRITION XtiMKXmUP A SUMMKY OP XI^SLLIGFJ^E -3

$he main headings given fee low in capital letters

villnot appear on the Summary^ Iwt are merely given to indishy

cate the systecopy on which the small headings have been arranged

Some of the headings^ for example listening posts observashy

tion posts etc should only be used for information when it

has a particular interest- froro the- point of view of the head

insect toider vMch it-iE) described In therr-iajority of cases it

is preferable to -incline general information of this nampturs bull under tiie general heading Enemys- front and stupor t lines11

Amdash^EHESRAi IHFOBMTIOIMi

v1 Operations bullZ Icl^ntifications 5 Air- reconnaigsances

B-^EfjSlar rS IESSJ^iSESt

4laquo 3rpnys front and stj^o^t lines 5 Sajps 6raquo Listening and snipers 1 posts 7 Observation posts 8 Machine ~sun emplaoements and nests 9 srencii-moijtar

10 Mines bullj11bull Screen So

12 Cupolas t

IS J)ug-laquoouts 14 Occupied buildings 15 Strong points (including defaided localities) 16 3neiuy fs x^atrols

(17laquo copyneajgr^s rear lines of ampefensegt 18 BneKiys aotiyity 19 Condition of galaquogtuiid

O-p-JJOVES-EMttS IS ENEMYS- LIMES AKD OROafX24shy5I0H liTKBpoundRlaquo

30 _u25a0 Routes an 4tracks used by ttamp enemy 2^ 22 23 S4

25

26 2-fraquo

fenqh railways Mg^yt railways Dumps Movements observed behind the enemys lines

(poundamprsomel and taansporlaquo) s u25a0Hiscellaneous occurrences in rear of the enemyu25a0u25a0

u25a0u25a0 u25a0lincopyo u25a0u25a0 bull Bcopyiiofs S

-Best billets- sndtoanips 28 -

lraquoocopyation of Jieadq^vfe-rters of rogiaienial and lo7eraquo u25a0 units and regimental frO3^a^es bull

29 bulllocation of headquarters of ilgadcopyg and hiier units

x

Ajgampandix F1 Cent

30 v

31 32 33

34 35

36 37 38- 39 40

41

4E 43raquo 44bull 45laquo 46 47 laquo

48 49 50raquo 51 52 53a

54

55 5S 5-7^ 58 59 60

Dmdash6IGSALJJJiB Wireless signals and signalling stations Visual signals and signalling stampticras j ligjht signals t

Searchlights

u25a0Jt^HSAS bull

location of gas cylinders Wind tests (smo2copy flags etc)

raquo-AHDIXMRY

Enerays shelling (artillery activity) Enemyls batteries suspected arid located Distribution of idstile artillery on army froampi Armored trains Location of hostile observation balloons

artillery firelaquoEffect of our

G^QUI]EM3raquo

Shells other than gas shells 6ae (and lachrsTinatory) shells Fuses

projectiles -

Hand and rifle grenades Miscellaneous projectiles Plash-concealing apparatus Gas apparatus SmoKe apparatus Plame projector

and telegraph equipment3el^honeUniform Miscellaneous equipment

amp-QWNOB

General

Infantry^Artillery Oavalry Other arms Airship and airplane movements

)

3

r

61 l^rpes of aircraft bull62

63

64 65 66 67 68raquo 69 70 71 72 73 74

75 bulllt

Distinguishing marlcs on aircraft

JmdashORGAHEamOH

Composition etc )

Organiaation Composition Organization Machine-^un

of higher forations (corps divisions

of infantry units of conpanies of cavalry units

units organization of Foot artillery organization of Field artillery organization of Trenohiaortar units organization of Pioneers organization of Construction battalions organization of Flying units organization of transport units (horse and mechanical organizashy

tion of-Bailvay services oaganization of

j

f

VV--A u25a0u25a0

j- I

ispndix gtlaquoPraquo Cont N

bull^ 6raquo Survey detachments organisation of u25a0 77raquo Signal -emits cv^nizaQtonofo

78raquo Carri er pigsonsj organisation of raquo bull

79laquo Misce llsaieaas units

vOTgcopynizati^n of

00bull Qjiampttges In octama-nd 81laquo Alterations in array groupiiigs

KmdashIARSS IEIiOOP-HOraSJEDS

82 SSeaaafer-s from aad tci~otir front

LmdashMISOBLIiiHBOUS 83 Enemys riiseslaquo 84-laquo Schools of instruction 85 Officers (supply and training )gtu25a0

86 Eebruiting i -87raquo Cag-ualtieso l

_s

88bull Enemys morale 89raquo Internal situation in enemys cotintry

-shy

i II

5353

u25ba H laquof bullbull r traquo laquo u2666 t Ilaquor t V tr bullraquo r ilaquo raquo

IIbull^5bull^5

u25a0u25a0 bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull u2666u2666rr

cc

raquo 4lt bullraquo bullbull bullraquo tlaquo raquo raquolaquo bullraquo f 4 laquo4 f ^ ir fr raquobull bullltbull laquo^ raquorraquor OO

oo MMcc pxJpxJampamp 33

laquo bull bullbullu25a0 bull bull

f

bulllaquo ltlaquo

r

t laquor

t

bull r laquor

bullu25a0bullu25a0 bullbullbullbull

HHiiLULUII

titi hihiaasectsectbullu25a03bullu25a03

-- --ii

HH |01|01

OOVslVVslVs1s1

cocoraquoraquoNNHH

COCO

|P3|P3

0202ICOICO

ooaaPP

r r

oo SS

II

SriSriOO

cc

wwiwiwiiool-dl-d-d-d[[

u25a0idu25a0id

bulllaquo bulllaquo raquo it laquoraquo laquobull laquolbullraquo gtlaquo raquobulllaquo bullilaquor tr traquo laquoraquo tr raquor c gtraquobull bullraquo bull raquoftf t

(-I(-I XX

||

ltlt bulllt u2666bull bull tt a Itt u25a0( I vv u0084u0084

bull0bull0

iiO3O3

1 II

y

bull bull bull

u25a0aebemdix b

HQBBL FOR BlffKQliBSMRff

Date

Hour

Patrol sent by Company bullraquobull raquo bdquo laquo Regiment

Map reference

Compos itI-om Officersraquo Rraquo00laquooraquolaquo ampbull

raquo raquo laquoltlaquoolaquoolaquolaquooMission bull

(Dime and place of -departure laquo

QI32Dcopy and place of retuin- gt gtu25a0 laquo laquodego

Route o (see slcetc3a)

Oasualties laquo laquo v

SuHszligiary of events laquobullbullbullbull

Sig3aature of patrol leader

Barils

I

Ammmx 0

the above system famishes an easy practical and

effective way of rendering -intelligenco data accessible and ltu25a0

V

STiitable for fiitKly

It is made tip by pastirig tracing jpa]3er or tMn letter

paper on a piece -of cardboard upon which the map of the sector

gthas been pasted at one end (lty)raquo

ffihe sheets at MAM are superdn^posedover- tlie map and

u25a0the daipiy information traced thereon each receiving the proper

datlaquo

After tracing the daily sheeiv place over it the slieet

at B and successively trace lipon it tlie data froft daily encopy Sj

thus having on MB)J the combined information of one weels ffihis

may be used for longer periods by simply adding more tracing

sheets

It is suitable for patrols shelliag airplane flights

and enemy circulation and movements in stabilised warfare and

may be used in war of

movement for the same- or etfcer purposes-Z

Its -chief value is feat it does away wicii large files

of written or typed matter which must be placed upon maps

eventually and appreciatedto permit of their being studied

Sheets at tlAu are slipped raidgr the map after their 1

11 data hampsbeen traced on B

22iis system saves mariting up maps to the point where

they soon become illegible and may be isept on file for future

A

3iBfroHmigg i

Allx-eports of operations end niost of the intelli-

geioampe reports require slsetches either for a-mpiifylng the

sre]3Orfc or for salving a great amount of writing

Slcetolies made by troops in operations are smlaquoe to

be very inaccurate and are -usually impossible to locate on a

printed mplaquo

To remedy this situation the iutelligerjce section of the

division should prepare- maps traced from acoLirate maps of

-suitable so- le f which oaraquo be -issued inquantity

On tlicopy reverse side ot the oiaps for intelligence

officers may be printed tlie paragraph headings of the Siamraary

of data iof Intelligence spaced accordii^tg to the amount

u25a0ustially gathered lander tJaese headings

SOr platoon and section commanders^ a most tiseful

systen is to supply sketch maps vvith the outlines of the most

usual messages- or Ieqnests printed on the bacfe These ns^s

should always be available for patrol leaders and willac~

company their rspcrts

ThBTOCiG many methods of preparing sketch maps

Both the cyclostyle and mimeograph have given excellent re- i

snlts Contonrs are not of prime importance 9 tint i-oads

tQRTns- streams woods rhill-tops 9 and other llaquo--nd marlts are

vital

I(

u25a0

APampiflDIXEraquo

FOBH FOR A SUMMARY- 01 DHKLLISSKDE CQNFIIENTIAL

Not to be taken into front line

) NO

r bull

From To

X KSLjEROi IMHSSSION OF THE DAY

11 ElaquoiY FRONT LINES

111 EKSMYQRDEa OF BATOJIE

(a) Identifications (traquo) Pres-umed eneray oroer^of battle (c) Comnent on enemy units

u^ u25a0 1t(d) Sitiiation^ enemy reserves bull1 ul

u25a0gt bull (fylt^iIV EHSf^Y INFANTRY ACTIVITY

(u25a0V ESTY ARTILLSHY ACTIVITY )3^

h -ampSU u25a0lt Ir VI EMYAESRIAL ACTIVITY W^ ll^Vwbull bU^ lt iakC

c u0084bdquobull u0084 A

VII

VIII ENEMY WORKS

IX MISCEUuAjaDOUS mdash X EN3MY INDENTIONS ji V^

A fV^ v^l t PW-sPW-sXI ACTIVITYOF OUR OWN TROOJEB Ao-tn (c m So 11 oAToiWJ

BIRT 11 cV u0084 -bull-

u25a0u25a0u25a0lt u0084v - u25a0u25a0u25a0- raquo

Chief of StaffBy Direction of theAvv^ n A-v A vvs gtj

name rank

Ac C of S Glaquo2raquo OR

Order of (name of commanding officer) name rank

R10 or p Bn Io

u25a01 1 I raquofi 0 i

X

SUBJEOQB FOR GOIJSIISBRITION XtiMKXmUP A SUMMKY OP XI^SLLIGFJ^E -3

$he main headings given fee low in capital letters

villnot appear on the Summary^ Iwt are merely given to indishy

cate the systecopy on which the small headings have been arranged

Some of the headings^ for example listening posts observashy

tion posts etc should only be used for information when it

has a particular interest- froro the- point of view of the head

insect toider vMch it-iE) described In therr-iajority of cases it

is preferable to -incline general information of this nampturs bull under tiie general heading Enemys- front and stupor t lines11

Amdash^EHESRAi IHFOBMTIOIMi

v1 Operations bullZ Icl^ntifications 5 Air- reconnaigsances

B-^EfjSlar rS IESSJ^iSESt

4laquo 3rpnys front and stj^o^t lines 5 Sajps 6raquo Listening and snipers 1 posts 7 Observation posts 8 Machine ~sun emplaoements and nests 9 srencii-moijtar

10 Mines bullj11bull Screen So

12 Cupolas t

IS J)ug-laquoouts 14 Occupied buildings 15 Strong points (including defaided localities) 16 3neiuy fs x^atrols

(17laquo copyneajgr^s rear lines of ampefensegt 18 BneKiys aotiyity 19 Condition of galaquogtuiid

O-p-JJOVES-EMttS IS ENEMYS- LIMES AKD OROafX24shy5I0H liTKBpoundRlaquo

30 _u25a0 Routes an 4tracks used by ttamp enemy 2^ 22 23 S4

25

26 2-fraquo

fenqh railways Mg^yt railways Dumps Movements observed behind the enemys lines

(poundamprsomel and taansporlaquo) s u25a0Hiscellaneous occurrences in rear of the enemyu25a0u25a0

u25a0u25a0 u25a0lincopyo u25a0u25a0 bull Bcopyiiofs S

-Best billets- sndtoanips 28 -

lraquoocopyation of Jieadq^vfe-rters of rogiaienial and lo7eraquo u25a0 units and regimental frO3^a^es bull

29 bulllocation of headquarters of ilgadcopyg and hiier units

x

Ajgampandix F1 Cent

30 v

31 32 33

34 35

36 37 38- 39 40

41

4E 43raquo 44bull 45laquo 46 47 laquo

48 49 50raquo 51 52 53a

54

55 5S 5-7^ 58 59 60

Dmdash6IGSALJJJiB Wireless signals and signalling stations Visual signals and signalling stampticras j ligjht signals t

Searchlights

u25a0Jt^HSAS bull

location of gas cylinders Wind tests (smo2copy flags etc)

raquo-AHDIXMRY

Enerays shelling (artillery activity) Enemyls batteries suspected arid located Distribution of idstile artillery on army froampi Armored trains Location of hostile observation balloons

artillery firelaquoEffect of our

G^QUI]EM3raquo

Shells other than gas shells 6ae (and lachrsTinatory) shells Fuses

projectiles -

Hand and rifle grenades Miscellaneous projectiles Plash-concealing apparatus Gas apparatus SmoKe apparatus Plame projector

and telegraph equipment3el^honeUniform Miscellaneous equipment

amp-QWNOB

General

Infantry^Artillery Oavalry Other arms Airship and airplane movements

)

3

r

61 l^rpes of aircraft bull62

63

64 65 66 67 68raquo 69 70 71 72 73 74

75 bulllt

Distinguishing marlcs on aircraft

JmdashORGAHEamOH

Composition etc )

Organiaation Composition Organization Machine-^un

of higher forations (corps divisions

of infantry units of conpanies of cavalry units

units organization of Foot artillery organization of Field artillery organization of Trenohiaortar units organization of Pioneers organization of Construction battalions organization of Flying units organization of transport units (horse and mechanical organizashy

tion of-Bailvay services oaganization of

j

f

VV--A u25a0u25a0

j- I

ispndix gtlaquoPraquo Cont N

bull^ 6raquo Survey detachments organisation of u25a0 77raquo Signal -emits cv^nizaQtonofo

78raquo Carri er pigsonsj organisation of raquo bull

79laquo Misce llsaieaas units

vOTgcopynizati^n of

00bull Qjiampttges In octama-nd 81laquo Alterations in array groupiiigs

KmdashIARSS IEIiOOP-HOraSJEDS

82 SSeaaafer-s from aad tci~otir front

LmdashMISOBLIiiHBOUS 83 Enemys riiseslaquo 84-laquo Schools of instruction 85 Officers (supply and training )gtu25a0

86 Eebruiting i -87raquo Cag-ualtieso l

_s

88bull Enemys morale 89raquo Internal situation in enemys cotintry

-shy

bull bull bull

u25a0aebemdix b

HQBBL FOR BlffKQliBSMRff

Date

Hour

Patrol sent by Company bullraquobull raquo bdquo laquo Regiment

Map reference

Compos itI-om Officersraquo Rraquo00laquooraquolaquo ampbull

raquo raquo laquoltlaquoolaquoolaquolaquooMission bull

(Dime and place of -departure laquo

QI32Dcopy and place of retuin- gt gtu25a0 laquo laquodego

Route o (see slcetc3a)

Oasualties laquo laquo v

SuHszligiary of events laquobullbullbullbull

Sig3aature of patrol leader

Barils

I

Ammmx 0

the above system famishes an easy practical and

effective way of rendering -intelligenco data accessible and ltu25a0

V

STiitable for fiitKly

It is made tip by pastirig tracing jpa]3er or tMn letter

paper on a piece -of cardboard upon which the map of the sector

gthas been pasted at one end (lty)raquo

ffihe sheets at MAM are superdn^posedover- tlie map and

u25a0the daipiy information traced thereon each receiving the proper

datlaquo

After tracing the daily sheeiv place over it the slieet

at B and successively trace lipon it tlie data froft daily encopy Sj

thus having on MB)J the combined information of one weels ffihis

may be used for longer periods by simply adding more tracing

sheets

It is suitable for patrols shelliag airplane flights

and enemy circulation and movements in stabilised warfare and

may be used in war of

movement for the same- or etfcer purposes-Z

Its -chief value is feat it does away wicii large files

of written or typed matter which must be placed upon maps

eventually and appreciatedto permit of their being studied

Sheets at tlAu are slipped raidgr the map after their 1

11 data hampsbeen traced on B

22iis system saves mariting up maps to the point where

they soon become illegible and may be isept on file for future

A

3iBfroHmigg i

Allx-eports of operations end niost of the intelli-

geioampe reports require slsetches either for a-mpiifylng the

sre]3Orfc or for salving a great amount of writing

Slcetolies made by troops in operations are smlaquoe to

be very inaccurate and are -usually impossible to locate on a

printed mplaquo

To remedy this situation the iutelligerjce section of the

division should prepare- maps traced from acoLirate maps of

-suitable so- le f which oaraquo be -issued inquantity

On tlicopy reverse side ot the oiaps for intelligence

officers may be printed tlie paragraph headings of the Siamraary

of data iof Intelligence spaced accordii^tg to the amount

u25a0ustially gathered lander tJaese headings

SOr platoon and section commanders^ a most tiseful

systen is to supply sketch maps vvith the outlines of the most

usual messages- or Ieqnests printed on the bacfe These ns^s

should always be available for patrol leaders and willac~

company their rspcrts

ThBTOCiG many methods of preparing sketch maps

Both the cyclostyle and mimeograph have given excellent re- i

snlts Contonrs are not of prime importance 9 tint i-oads

tQRTns- streams woods rhill-tops 9 and other llaquo--nd marlts are

vital

I(

u25a0

APampiflDIXEraquo

FOBH FOR A SUMMARY- 01 DHKLLISSKDE CQNFIIENTIAL

Not to be taken into front line

) NO

r bull

From To

X KSLjEROi IMHSSSION OF THE DAY

11 ElaquoiY FRONT LINES

111 EKSMYQRDEa OF BATOJIE

(a) Identifications (traquo) Pres-umed eneray oroer^of battle (c) Comnent on enemy units

u^ u25a0 1t(d) Sitiiation^ enemy reserves bull1 ul

u25a0gt bull (fylt^iIV EHSf^Y INFANTRY ACTIVITY

(u25a0V ESTY ARTILLSHY ACTIVITY )3^

h -ampSU u25a0lt Ir VI EMYAESRIAL ACTIVITY W^ ll^Vwbull bU^ lt iakC

c u0084bdquobull u0084 A

VII

VIII ENEMY WORKS

IX MISCEUuAjaDOUS mdash X EN3MY INDENTIONS ji V^

A fV^ v^l t PW-sPW-sXI ACTIVITYOF OUR OWN TROOJEB Ao-tn (c m So 11 oAToiWJ

BIRT 11 cV u0084 -bull-

u25a0u25a0u25a0lt u0084v - u25a0u25a0u25a0- raquo

Chief of StaffBy Direction of theAvv^ n A-v A vvs gtj

name rank

Ac C of S Glaquo2raquo OR

Order of (name of commanding officer) name rank

R10 or p Bn Io

u25a01 1 I raquofi 0 i

X

SUBJEOQB FOR GOIJSIISBRITION XtiMKXmUP A SUMMKY OP XI^SLLIGFJ^E -3

$he main headings given fee low in capital letters

villnot appear on the Summary^ Iwt are merely given to indishy

cate the systecopy on which the small headings have been arranged

Some of the headings^ for example listening posts observashy

tion posts etc should only be used for information when it

has a particular interest- froro the- point of view of the head

insect toider vMch it-iE) described In therr-iajority of cases it

is preferable to -incline general information of this nampturs bull under tiie general heading Enemys- front and stupor t lines11

Amdash^EHESRAi IHFOBMTIOIMi

v1 Operations bullZ Icl^ntifications 5 Air- reconnaigsances

B-^EfjSlar rS IESSJ^iSESt

4laquo 3rpnys front and stj^o^t lines 5 Sajps 6raquo Listening and snipers 1 posts 7 Observation posts 8 Machine ~sun emplaoements and nests 9 srencii-moijtar

10 Mines bullj11bull Screen So

12 Cupolas t

IS J)ug-laquoouts 14 Occupied buildings 15 Strong points (including defaided localities) 16 3neiuy fs x^atrols

(17laquo copyneajgr^s rear lines of ampefensegt 18 BneKiys aotiyity 19 Condition of galaquogtuiid

O-p-JJOVES-EMttS IS ENEMYS- LIMES AKD OROafX24shy5I0H liTKBpoundRlaquo

30 _u25a0 Routes an 4tracks used by ttamp enemy 2^ 22 23 S4

25

26 2-fraquo

fenqh railways Mg^yt railways Dumps Movements observed behind the enemys lines

(poundamprsomel and taansporlaquo) s u25a0Hiscellaneous occurrences in rear of the enemyu25a0u25a0

u25a0u25a0 u25a0lincopyo u25a0u25a0 bull Bcopyiiofs S

-Best billets- sndtoanips 28 -

lraquoocopyation of Jieadq^vfe-rters of rogiaienial and lo7eraquo u25a0 units and regimental frO3^a^es bull

29 bulllocation of headquarters of ilgadcopyg and hiier units

x

Ajgampandix F1 Cent

30 v

31 32 33

34 35

36 37 38- 39 40

41

4E 43raquo 44bull 45laquo 46 47 laquo

48 49 50raquo 51 52 53a

54

55 5S 5-7^ 58 59 60

Dmdash6IGSALJJJiB Wireless signals and signalling stations Visual signals and signalling stampticras j ligjht signals t

Searchlights

u25a0Jt^HSAS bull

location of gas cylinders Wind tests (smo2copy flags etc)

raquo-AHDIXMRY

Enerays shelling (artillery activity) Enemyls batteries suspected arid located Distribution of idstile artillery on army froampi Armored trains Location of hostile observation balloons

artillery firelaquoEffect of our

G^QUI]EM3raquo

Shells other than gas shells 6ae (and lachrsTinatory) shells Fuses

projectiles -

Hand and rifle grenades Miscellaneous projectiles Plash-concealing apparatus Gas apparatus SmoKe apparatus Plame projector

and telegraph equipment3el^honeUniform Miscellaneous equipment

amp-QWNOB

General

Infantry^Artillery Oavalry Other arms Airship and airplane movements

)

3

r

61 l^rpes of aircraft bull62

63

64 65 66 67 68raquo 69 70 71 72 73 74

75 bulllt

Distinguishing marlcs on aircraft

JmdashORGAHEamOH

Composition etc )

Organiaation Composition Organization Machine-^un

of higher forations (corps divisions

of infantry units of conpanies of cavalry units

units organization of Foot artillery organization of Field artillery organization of Trenohiaortar units organization of Pioneers organization of Construction battalions organization of Flying units organization of transport units (horse and mechanical organizashy

tion of-Bailvay services oaganization of

j

f

VV--A u25a0u25a0

j- I

ispndix gtlaquoPraquo Cont N

bull^ 6raquo Survey detachments organisation of u25a0 77raquo Signal -emits cv^nizaQtonofo

78raquo Carri er pigsonsj organisation of raquo bull

79laquo Misce llsaieaas units

vOTgcopynizati^n of

00bull Qjiampttges In octama-nd 81laquo Alterations in array groupiiigs

KmdashIARSS IEIiOOP-HOraSJEDS

82 SSeaaafer-s from aad tci~otir front

LmdashMISOBLIiiHBOUS 83 Enemys riiseslaquo 84-laquo Schools of instruction 85 Officers (supply and training )gtu25a0

86 Eebruiting i -87raquo Cag-ualtieso l

_s

88bull Enemys morale 89raquo Internal situation in enemys cotintry

-shy

I

Ammmx 0

the above system famishes an easy practical and

effective way of rendering -intelligenco data accessible and ltu25a0

V

STiitable for fiitKly

It is made tip by pastirig tracing jpa]3er or tMn letter

paper on a piece -of cardboard upon which the map of the sector

gthas been pasted at one end (lty)raquo

ffihe sheets at MAM are superdn^posedover- tlie map and

u25a0the daipiy information traced thereon each receiving the proper

datlaquo

After tracing the daily sheeiv place over it the slieet

at B and successively trace lipon it tlie data froft daily encopy Sj

thus having on MB)J the combined information of one weels ffihis

may be used for longer periods by simply adding more tracing

sheets

It is suitable for patrols shelliag airplane flights

and enemy circulation and movements in stabilised warfare and

may be used in war of

movement for the same- or etfcer purposes-Z

Its -chief value is feat it does away wicii large files

of written or typed matter which must be placed upon maps

eventually and appreciatedto permit of their being studied

Sheets at tlAu are slipped raidgr the map after their 1

11 data hampsbeen traced on B

22iis system saves mariting up maps to the point where

they soon become illegible and may be isept on file for future

A

3iBfroHmigg i

Allx-eports of operations end niost of the intelli-

geioampe reports require slsetches either for a-mpiifylng the

sre]3Orfc or for salving a great amount of writing

Slcetolies made by troops in operations are smlaquoe to

be very inaccurate and are -usually impossible to locate on a

printed mplaquo

To remedy this situation the iutelligerjce section of the

division should prepare- maps traced from acoLirate maps of

-suitable so- le f which oaraquo be -issued inquantity

On tlicopy reverse side ot the oiaps for intelligence

officers may be printed tlie paragraph headings of the Siamraary

of data iof Intelligence spaced accordii^tg to the amount

u25a0ustially gathered lander tJaese headings

SOr platoon and section commanders^ a most tiseful

systen is to supply sketch maps vvith the outlines of the most

usual messages- or Ieqnests printed on the bacfe These ns^s

should always be available for patrol leaders and willac~

company their rspcrts

ThBTOCiG many methods of preparing sketch maps

Both the cyclostyle and mimeograph have given excellent re- i

snlts Contonrs are not of prime importance 9 tint i-oads

tQRTns- streams woods rhill-tops 9 and other llaquo--nd marlts are

vital

I(

u25a0

APampiflDIXEraquo

FOBH FOR A SUMMARY- 01 DHKLLISSKDE CQNFIIENTIAL

Not to be taken into front line

) NO

r bull

From To

X KSLjEROi IMHSSSION OF THE DAY

11 ElaquoiY FRONT LINES

111 EKSMYQRDEa OF BATOJIE

(a) Identifications (traquo) Pres-umed eneray oroer^of battle (c) Comnent on enemy units

u^ u25a0 1t(d) Sitiiation^ enemy reserves bull1 ul

u25a0gt bull (fylt^iIV EHSf^Y INFANTRY ACTIVITY

(u25a0V ESTY ARTILLSHY ACTIVITY )3^

h -ampSU u25a0lt Ir VI EMYAESRIAL ACTIVITY W^ ll^Vwbull bU^ lt iakC

c u0084bdquobull u0084 A

VII

VIII ENEMY WORKS

IX MISCEUuAjaDOUS mdash X EN3MY INDENTIONS ji V^

A fV^ v^l t PW-sPW-sXI ACTIVITYOF OUR OWN TROOJEB Ao-tn (c m So 11 oAToiWJ

BIRT 11 cV u0084 -bull-

u25a0u25a0u25a0lt u0084v - u25a0u25a0u25a0- raquo

Chief of StaffBy Direction of theAvv^ n A-v A vvs gtj

name rank

Ac C of S Glaquo2raquo OR

Order of (name of commanding officer) name rank

R10 or p Bn Io

u25a01 1 I raquofi 0 i

X

SUBJEOQB FOR GOIJSIISBRITION XtiMKXmUP A SUMMKY OP XI^SLLIGFJ^E -3

$he main headings given fee low in capital letters

villnot appear on the Summary^ Iwt are merely given to indishy

cate the systecopy on which the small headings have been arranged

Some of the headings^ for example listening posts observashy

tion posts etc should only be used for information when it

has a particular interest- froro the- point of view of the head

insect toider vMch it-iE) described In therr-iajority of cases it

is preferable to -incline general information of this nampturs bull under tiie general heading Enemys- front and stupor t lines11

Amdash^EHESRAi IHFOBMTIOIMi

v1 Operations bullZ Icl^ntifications 5 Air- reconnaigsances

B-^EfjSlar rS IESSJ^iSESt

4laquo 3rpnys front and stj^o^t lines 5 Sajps 6raquo Listening and snipers 1 posts 7 Observation posts 8 Machine ~sun emplaoements and nests 9 srencii-moijtar

10 Mines bullj11bull Screen So

12 Cupolas t

IS J)ug-laquoouts 14 Occupied buildings 15 Strong points (including defaided localities) 16 3neiuy fs x^atrols

(17laquo copyneajgr^s rear lines of ampefensegt 18 BneKiys aotiyity 19 Condition of galaquogtuiid

O-p-JJOVES-EMttS IS ENEMYS- LIMES AKD OROafX24shy5I0H liTKBpoundRlaquo

30 _u25a0 Routes an 4tracks used by ttamp enemy 2^ 22 23 S4

25

26 2-fraquo

fenqh railways Mg^yt railways Dumps Movements observed behind the enemys lines

(poundamprsomel and taansporlaquo) s u25a0Hiscellaneous occurrences in rear of the enemyu25a0u25a0

u25a0u25a0 u25a0lincopyo u25a0u25a0 bull Bcopyiiofs S

-Best billets- sndtoanips 28 -

lraquoocopyation of Jieadq^vfe-rters of rogiaienial and lo7eraquo u25a0 units and regimental frO3^a^es bull

29 bulllocation of headquarters of ilgadcopyg and hiier units

x

Ajgampandix F1 Cent

30 v

31 32 33

34 35

36 37 38- 39 40

41

4E 43raquo 44bull 45laquo 46 47 laquo

48 49 50raquo 51 52 53a

54

55 5S 5-7^ 58 59 60

Dmdash6IGSALJJJiB Wireless signals and signalling stations Visual signals and signalling stampticras j ligjht signals t

Searchlights

u25a0Jt^HSAS bull

location of gas cylinders Wind tests (smo2copy flags etc)

raquo-AHDIXMRY

Enerays shelling (artillery activity) Enemyls batteries suspected arid located Distribution of idstile artillery on army froampi Armored trains Location of hostile observation balloons

artillery firelaquoEffect of our

G^QUI]EM3raquo

Shells other than gas shells 6ae (and lachrsTinatory) shells Fuses

projectiles -

Hand and rifle grenades Miscellaneous projectiles Plash-concealing apparatus Gas apparatus SmoKe apparatus Plame projector

and telegraph equipment3el^honeUniform Miscellaneous equipment

amp-QWNOB

General

Infantry^Artillery Oavalry Other arms Airship and airplane movements

)

3

r

61 l^rpes of aircraft bull62

63

64 65 66 67 68raquo 69 70 71 72 73 74

75 bulllt

Distinguishing marlcs on aircraft

JmdashORGAHEamOH

Composition etc )

Organiaation Composition Organization Machine-^un

of higher forations (corps divisions

of infantry units of conpanies of cavalry units

units organization of Foot artillery organization of Field artillery organization of Trenohiaortar units organization of Pioneers organization of Construction battalions organization of Flying units organization of transport units (horse and mechanical organizashy

tion of-Bailvay services oaganization of

j

f

VV--A u25a0u25a0

j- I

ispndix gtlaquoPraquo Cont N

bull^ 6raquo Survey detachments organisation of u25a0 77raquo Signal -emits cv^nizaQtonofo

78raquo Carri er pigsonsj organisation of raquo bull

79laquo Misce llsaieaas units

vOTgcopynizati^n of

00bull Qjiampttges In octama-nd 81laquo Alterations in array groupiiigs

KmdashIARSS IEIiOOP-HOraSJEDS

82 SSeaaafer-s from aad tci~otir front

LmdashMISOBLIiiHBOUS 83 Enemys riiseslaquo 84-laquo Schools of instruction 85 Officers (supply and training )gtu25a0

86 Eebruiting i -87raquo Cag-ualtieso l

_s

88bull Enemys morale 89raquo Internal situation in enemys cotintry

-shy

A

3iBfroHmigg i

Allx-eports of operations end niost of the intelli-

geioampe reports require slsetches either for a-mpiifylng the

sre]3Orfc or for salving a great amount of writing

Slcetolies made by troops in operations are smlaquoe to

be very inaccurate and are -usually impossible to locate on a

printed mplaquo

To remedy this situation the iutelligerjce section of the

division should prepare- maps traced from acoLirate maps of

-suitable so- le f which oaraquo be -issued inquantity

On tlicopy reverse side ot the oiaps for intelligence

officers may be printed tlie paragraph headings of the Siamraary

of data iof Intelligence spaced accordii^tg to the amount

u25a0ustially gathered lander tJaese headings

SOr platoon and section commanders^ a most tiseful

systen is to supply sketch maps vvith the outlines of the most

usual messages- or Ieqnests printed on the bacfe These ns^s

should always be available for patrol leaders and willac~

company their rspcrts

ThBTOCiG many methods of preparing sketch maps

Both the cyclostyle and mimeograph have given excellent re- i

snlts Contonrs are not of prime importance 9 tint i-oads

tQRTns- streams woods rhill-tops 9 and other llaquo--nd marlts are

vital

I(

u25a0

APampiflDIXEraquo

FOBH FOR A SUMMARY- 01 DHKLLISSKDE CQNFIIENTIAL

Not to be taken into front line

) NO

r bull

From To

X KSLjEROi IMHSSSION OF THE DAY

11 ElaquoiY FRONT LINES

111 EKSMYQRDEa OF BATOJIE

(a) Identifications (traquo) Pres-umed eneray oroer^of battle (c) Comnent on enemy units

u^ u25a0 1t(d) Sitiiation^ enemy reserves bull1 ul

u25a0gt bull (fylt^iIV EHSf^Y INFANTRY ACTIVITY

(u25a0V ESTY ARTILLSHY ACTIVITY )3^

h -ampSU u25a0lt Ir VI EMYAESRIAL ACTIVITY W^ ll^Vwbull bU^ lt iakC

c u0084bdquobull u0084 A

VII

VIII ENEMY WORKS

IX MISCEUuAjaDOUS mdash X EN3MY INDENTIONS ji V^

A fV^ v^l t PW-sPW-sXI ACTIVITYOF OUR OWN TROOJEB Ao-tn (c m So 11 oAToiWJ

BIRT 11 cV u0084 -bull-

u25a0u25a0u25a0lt u0084v - u25a0u25a0u25a0- raquo

Chief of StaffBy Direction of theAvv^ n A-v A vvs gtj

name rank

Ac C of S Glaquo2raquo OR

Order of (name of commanding officer) name rank

R10 or p Bn Io

u25a01 1 I raquofi 0 i

X

SUBJEOQB FOR GOIJSIISBRITION XtiMKXmUP A SUMMKY OP XI^SLLIGFJ^E -3

$he main headings given fee low in capital letters

villnot appear on the Summary^ Iwt are merely given to indishy

cate the systecopy on which the small headings have been arranged

Some of the headings^ for example listening posts observashy

tion posts etc should only be used for information when it

has a particular interest- froro the- point of view of the head

insect toider vMch it-iE) described In therr-iajority of cases it

is preferable to -incline general information of this nampturs bull under tiie general heading Enemys- front and stupor t lines11

Amdash^EHESRAi IHFOBMTIOIMi

v1 Operations bullZ Icl^ntifications 5 Air- reconnaigsances

B-^EfjSlar rS IESSJ^iSESt

4laquo 3rpnys front and stj^o^t lines 5 Sajps 6raquo Listening and snipers 1 posts 7 Observation posts 8 Machine ~sun emplaoements and nests 9 srencii-moijtar

10 Mines bullj11bull Screen So

12 Cupolas t

IS J)ug-laquoouts 14 Occupied buildings 15 Strong points (including defaided localities) 16 3neiuy fs x^atrols

(17laquo copyneajgr^s rear lines of ampefensegt 18 BneKiys aotiyity 19 Condition of galaquogtuiid

O-p-JJOVES-EMttS IS ENEMYS- LIMES AKD OROafX24shy5I0H liTKBpoundRlaquo

30 _u25a0 Routes an 4tracks used by ttamp enemy 2^ 22 23 S4

25

26 2-fraquo

fenqh railways Mg^yt railways Dumps Movements observed behind the enemys lines

(poundamprsomel and taansporlaquo) s u25a0Hiscellaneous occurrences in rear of the enemyu25a0u25a0

u25a0u25a0 u25a0lincopyo u25a0u25a0 bull Bcopyiiofs S

-Best billets- sndtoanips 28 -

lraquoocopyation of Jieadq^vfe-rters of rogiaienial and lo7eraquo u25a0 units and regimental frO3^a^es bull

29 bulllocation of headquarters of ilgadcopyg and hiier units

x

Ajgampandix F1 Cent

30 v

31 32 33

34 35

36 37 38- 39 40

41

4E 43raquo 44bull 45laquo 46 47 laquo

48 49 50raquo 51 52 53a

54

55 5S 5-7^ 58 59 60

Dmdash6IGSALJJJiB Wireless signals and signalling stations Visual signals and signalling stampticras j ligjht signals t

Searchlights

u25a0Jt^HSAS bull

location of gas cylinders Wind tests (smo2copy flags etc)

raquo-AHDIXMRY

Enerays shelling (artillery activity) Enemyls batteries suspected arid located Distribution of idstile artillery on army froampi Armored trains Location of hostile observation balloons

artillery firelaquoEffect of our

G^QUI]EM3raquo

Shells other than gas shells 6ae (and lachrsTinatory) shells Fuses

projectiles -

Hand and rifle grenades Miscellaneous projectiles Plash-concealing apparatus Gas apparatus SmoKe apparatus Plame projector

and telegraph equipment3el^honeUniform Miscellaneous equipment

amp-QWNOB

General

Infantry^Artillery Oavalry Other arms Airship and airplane movements

)

3

r

61 l^rpes of aircraft bull62

63

64 65 66 67 68raquo 69 70 71 72 73 74

75 bulllt

Distinguishing marlcs on aircraft

JmdashORGAHEamOH

Composition etc )

Organiaation Composition Organization Machine-^un

of higher forations (corps divisions

of infantry units of conpanies of cavalry units

units organization of Foot artillery organization of Field artillery organization of Trenohiaortar units organization of Pioneers organization of Construction battalions organization of Flying units organization of transport units (horse and mechanical organizashy

tion of-Bailvay services oaganization of

j

f

VV--A u25a0u25a0

j- I

ispndix gtlaquoPraquo Cont N

bull^ 6raquo Survey detachments organisation of u25a0 77raquo Signal -emits cv^nizaQtonofo

78raquo Carri er pigsonsj organisation of raquo bull

79laquo Misce llsaieaas units

vOTgcopynizati^n of

00bull Qjiampttges In octama-nd 81laquo Alterations in array groupiiigs

KmdashIARSS IEIiOOP-HOraSJEDS

82 SSeaaafer-s from aad tci~otir front

LmdashMISOBLIiiHBOUS 83 Enemys riiseslaquo 84-laquo Schools of instruction 85 Officers (supply and training )gtu25a0

86 Eebruiting i -87raquo Cag-ualtieso l

_s

88bull Enemys morale 89raquo Internal situation in enemys cotintry

-shy

APampiflDIXEraquo

FOBH FOR A SUMMARY- 01 DHKLLISSKDE CQNFIIENTIAL

Not to be taken into front line

) NO

r bull

From To

X KSLjEROi IMHSSSION OF THE DAY

11 ElaquoiY FRONT LINES

111 EKSMYQRDEa OF BATOJIE

(a) Identifications (traquo) Pres-umed eneray oroer^of battle (c) Comnent on enemy units

u^ u25a0 1t(d) Sitiiation^ enemy reserves bull1 ul

u25a0gt bull (fylt^iIV EHSf^Y INFANTRY ACTIVITY

(u25a0V ESTY ARTILLSHY ACTIVITY )3^

h -ampSU u25a0lt Ir VI EMYAESRIAL ACTIVITY W^ ll^Vwbull bU^ lt iakC

c u0084bdquobull u0084 A

VII

VIII ENEMY WORKS

IX MISCEUuAjaDOUS mdash X EN3MY INDENTIONS ji V^

A fV^ v^l t PW-sPW-sXI ACTIVITYOF OUR OWN TROOJEB Ao-tn (c m So 11 oAToiWJ

BIRT 11 cV u0084 -bull-

u25a0u25a0u25a0lt u0084v - u25a0u25a0u25a0- raquo

Chief of StaffBy Direction of theAvv^ n A-v A vvs gtj

name rank

Ac C of S Glaquo2raquo OR

Order of (name of commanding officer) name rank

R10 or p Bn Io

u25a01 1 I raquofi 0 i

X

SUBJEOQB FOR GOIJSIISBRITION XtiMKXmUP A SUMMKY OP XI^SLLIGFJ^E -3

$he main headings given fee low in capital letters

villnot appear on the Summary^ Iwt are merely given to indishy

cate the systecopy on which the small headings have been arranged

Some of the headings^ for example listening posts observashy

tion posts etc should only be used for information when it

has a particular interest- froro the- point of view of the head

insect toider vMch it-iE) described In therr-iajority of cases it

is preferable to -incline general information of this nampturs bull under tiie general heading Enemys- front and stupor t lines11

Amdash^EHESRAi IHFOBMTIOIMi

v1 Operations bullZ Icl^ntifications 5 Air- reconnaigsances

B-^EfjSlar rS IESSJ^iSESt

4laquo 3rpnys front and stj^o^t lines 5 Sajps 6raquo Listening and snipers 1 posts 7 Observation posts 8 Machine ~sun emplaoements and nests 9 srencii-moijtar

10 Mines bullj11bull Screen So

12 Cupolas t

IS J)ug-laquoouts 14 Occupied buildings 15 Strong points (including defaided localities) 16 3neiuy fs x^atrols

(17laquo copyneajgr^s rear lines of ampefensegt 18 BneKiys aotiyity 19 Condition of galaquogtuiid

O-p-JJOVES-EMttS IS ENEMYS- LIMES AKD OROafX24shy5I0H liTKBpoundRlaquo

30 _u25a0 Routes an 4tracks used by ttamp enemy 2^ 22 23 S4

25

26 2-fraquo

fenqh railways Mg^yt railways Dumps Movements observed behind the enemys lines

(poundamprsomel and taansporlaquo) s u25a0Hiscellaneous occurrences in rear of the enemyu25a0u25a0

u25a0u25a0 u25a0lincopyo u25a0u25a0 bull Bcopyiiofs S

-Best billets- sndtoanips 28 -

lraquoocopyation of Jieadq^vfe-rters of rogiaienial and lo7eraquo u25a0 units and regimental frO3^a^es bull

29 bulllocation of headquarters of ilgadcopyg and hiier units

x

Ajgampandix F1 Cent

30 v

31 32 33

34 35

36 37 38- 39 40

41

4E 43raquo 44bull 45laquo 46 47 laquo

48 49 50raquo 51 52 53a

54

55 5S 5-7^ 58 59 60

Dmdash6IGSALJJJiB Wireless signals and signalling stations Visual signals and signalling stampticras j ligjht signals t

Searchlights

u25a0Jt^HSAS bull

location of gas cylinders Wind tests (smo2copy flags etc)

raquo-AHDIXMRY

Enerays shelling (artillery activity) Enemyls batteries suspected arid located Distribution of idstile artillery on army froampi Armored trains Location of hostile observation balloons

artillery firelaquoEffect of our

G^QUI]EM3raquo

Shells other than gas shells 6ae (and lachrsTinatory) shells Fuses

projectiles -

Hand and rifle grenades Miscellaneous projectiles Plash-concealing apparatus Gas apparatus SmoKe apparatus Plame projector

and telegraph equipment3el^honeUniform Miscellaneous equipment

amp-QWNOB

General

Infantry^Artillery Oavalry Other arms Airship and airplane movements

)

3

r

61 l^rpes of aircraft bull62

63

64 65 66 67 68raquo 69 70 71 72 73 74

75 bulllt

Distinguishing marlcs on aircraft

JmdashORGAHEamOH

Composition etc )

Organiaation Composition Organization Machine-^un

of higher forations (corps divisions

of infantry units of conpanies of cavalry units

units organization of Foot artillery organization of Field artillery organization of Trenohiaortar units organization of Pioneers organization of Construction battalions organization of Flying units organization of transport units (horse and mechanical organizashy

tion of-Bailvay services oaganization of

j

f

VV--A u25a0u25a0

j- I

ispndix gtlaquoPraquo Cont N

bull^ 6raquo Survey detachments organisation of u25a0 77raquo Signal -emits cv^nizaQtonofo

78raquo Carri er pigsonsj organisation of raquo bull

79laquo Misce llsaieaas units

vOTgcopynizati^n of

00bull Qjiampttges In octama-nd 81laquo Alterations in array groupiiigs

KmdashIARSS IEIiOOP-HOraSJEDS

82 SSeaaafer-s from aad tci~otir front

LmdashMISOBLIiiHBOUS 83 Enemys riiseslaquo 84-laquo Schools of instruction 85 Officers (supply and training )gtu25a0

86 Eebruiting i -87raquo Cag-ualtieso l

_s

88bull Enemys morale 89raquo Internal situation in enemys cotintry

-shy

X

SUBJEOQB FOR GOIJSIISBRITION XtiMKXmUP A SUMMKY OP XI^SLLIGFJ^E -3

$he main headings given fee low in capital letters

villnot appear on the Summary^ Iwt are merely given to indishy

cate the systecopy on which the small headings have been arranged

Some of the headings^ for example listening posts observashy

tion posts etc should only be used for information when it

has a particular interest- froro the- point of view of the head

insect toider vMch it-iE) described In therr-iajority of cases it

is preferable to -incline general information of this nampturs bull under tiie general heading Enemys- front and stupor t lines11

Amdash^EHESRAi IHFOBMTIOIMi

v1 Operations bullZ Icl^ntifications 5 Air- reconnaigsances

B-^EfjSlar rS IESSJ^iSESt

4laquo 3rpnys front and stj^o^t lines 5 Sajps 6raquo Listening and snipers 1 posts 7 Observation posts 8 Machine ~sun emplaoements and nests 9 srencii-moijtar

10 Mines bullj11bull Screen So

12 Cupolas t

IS J)ug-laquoouts 14 Occupied buildings 15 Strong points (including defaided localities) 16 3neiuy fs x^atrols

(17laquo copyneajgr^s rear lines of ampefensegt 18 BneKiys aotiyity 19 Condition of galaquogtuiid

O-p-JJOVES-EMttS IS ENEMYS- LIMES AKD OROafX24shy5I0H liTKBpoundRlaquo

30 _u25a0 Routes an 4tracks used by ttamp enemy 2^ 22 23 S4

25

26 2-fraquo

fenqh railways Mg^yt railways Dumps Movements observed behind the enemys lines

(poundamprsomel and taansporlaquo) s u25a0Hiscellaneous occurrences in rear of the enemyu25a0u25a0

u25a0u25a0 u25a0lincopyo u25a0u25a0 bull Bcopyiiofs S

-Best billets- sndtoanips 28 -

lraquoocopyation of Jieadq^vfe-rters of rogiaienial and lo7eraquo u25a0 units and regimental frO3^a^es bull

29 bulllocation of headquarters of ilgadcopyg and hiier units

x

Ajgampandix F1 Cent

30 v

31 32 33

34 35

36 37 38- 39 40

41

4E 43raquo 44bull 45laquo 46 47 laquo

48 49 50raquo 51 52 53a

54

55 5S 5-7^ 58 59 60

Dmdash6IGSALJJJiB Wireless signals and signalling stations Visual signals and signalling stampticras j ligjht signals t

Searchlights

u25a0Jt^HSAS bull

location of gas cylinders Wind tests (smo2copy flags etc)

raquo-AHDIXMRY

Enerays shelling (artillery activity) Enemyls batteries suspected arid located Distribution of idstile artillery on army froampi Armored trains Location of hostile observation balloons

artillery firelaquoEffect of our

G^QUI]EM3raquo

Shells other than gas shells 6ae (and lachrsTinatory) shells Fuses

projectiles -

Hand and rifle grenades Miscellaneous projectiles Plash-concealing apparatus Gas apparatus SmoKe apparatus Plame projector

and telegraph equipment3el^honeUniform Miscellaneous equipment

amp-QWNOB

General

Infantry^Artillery Oavalry Other arms Airship and airplane movements

)

3

r

61 l^rpes of aircraft bull62

63

64 65 66 67 68raquo 69 70 71 72 73 74

75 bulllt

Distinguishing marlcs on aircraft

JmdashORGAHEamOH

Composition etc )

Organiaation Composition Organization Machine-^un

of higher forations (corps divisions

of infantry units of conpanies of cavalry units

units organization of Foot artillery organization of Field artillery organization of Trenohiaortar units organization of Pioneers organization of Construction battalions organization of Flying units organization of transport units (horse and mechanical organizashy

tion of-Bailvay services oaganization of

j

f

VV--A u25a0u25a0

j- I

ispndix gtlaquoPraquo Cont N

bull^ 6raquo Survey detachments organisation of u25a0 77raquo Signal -emits cv^nizaQtonofo

78raquo Carri er pigsonsj organisation of raquo bull

79laquo Misce llsaieaas units

vOTgcopynizati^n of

00bull Qjiampttges In octama-nd 81laquo Alterations in array groupiiigs

KmdashIARSS IEIiOOP-HOraSJEDS

82 SSeaaafer-s from aad tci~otir front

LmdashMISOBLIiiHBOUS 83 Enemys riiseslaquo 84-laquo Schools of instruction 85 Officers (supply and training )gtu25a0

86 Eebruiting i -87raquo Cag-ualtieso l

_s

88bull Enemys morale 89raquo Internal situation in enemys cotintry

-shy

Ajgampandix F1 Cent

30 v

31 32 33

34 35

36 37 38- 39 40

41

4E 43raquo 44bull 45laquo 46 47 laquo

48 49 50raquo 51 52 53a

54

55 5S 5-7^ 58 59 60

Dmdash6IGSALJJJiB Wireless signals and signalling stations Visual signals and signalling stampticras j ligjht signals t

Searchlights

u25a0Jt^HSAS bull

location of gas cylinders Wind tests (smo2copy flags etc)

raquo-AHDIXMRY

Enerays shelling (artillery activity) Enemyls batteries suspected arid located Distribution of idstile artillery on army froampi Armored trains Location of hostile observation balloons

artillery firelaquoEffect of our

G^QUI]EM3raquo

Shells other than gas shells 6ae (and lachrsTinatory) shells Fuses

projectiles -

Hand and rifle grenades Miscellaneous projectiles Plash-concealing apparatus Gas apparatus SmoKe apparatus Plame projector

and telegraph equipment3el^honeUniform Miscellaneous equipment

amp-QWNOB

General

Infantry^Artillery Oavalry Other arms Airship and airplane movements

)

3

r

61 l^rpes of aircraft bull62

63

64 65 66 67 68raquo 69 70 71 72 73 74

75 bulllt

Distinguishing marlcs on aircraft

JmdashORGAHEamOH

Composition etc )

Organiaation Composition Organization Machine-^un

of higher forations (corps divisions

of infantry units of conpanies of cavalry units

units organization of Foot artillery organization of Field artillery organization of Trenohiaortar units organization of Pioneers organization of Construction battalions organization of Flying units organization of transport units (horse and mechanical organizashy

tion of-Bailvay services oaganization of

j

f

VV--A u25a0u25a0

j- I

ispndix gtlaquoPraquo Cont N

bull^ 6raquo Survey detachments organisation of u25a0 77raquo Signal -emits cv^nizaQtonofo

78raquo Carri er pigsonsj organisation of raquo bull

79laquo Misce llsaieaas units

vOTgcopynizati^n of

00bull Qjiampttges In octama-nd 81laquo Alterations in array groupiiigs

KmdashIARSS IEIiOOP-HOraSJEDS

82 SSeaaafer-s from aad tci~otir front

LmdashMISOBLIiiHBOUS 83 Enemys riiseslaquo 84-laquo Schools of instruction 85 Officers (supply and training )gtu25a0

86 Eebruiting i -87raquo Cag-ualtieso l

_s

88bull Enemys morale 89raquo Internal situation in enemys cotintry

-shy

f

VV--A u25a0u25a0

j- I

ispndix gtlaquoPraquo Cont N

bull^ 6raquo Survey detachments organisation of u25a0 77raquo Signal -emits cv^nizaQtonofo

78raquo Carri er pigsonsj organisation of raquo bull

79laquo Misce llsaieaas units

vOTgcopynizati^n of

00bull Qjiampttges In octama-nd 81laquo Alterations in array groupiiigs

KmdashIARSS IEIiOOP-HOraSJEDS

82 SSeaaafer-s from aad tci~otir front

LmdashMISOBLIiiHBOUS 83 Enemys riiseslaquo 84-laquo Schools of instruction 85 Officers (supply and training )gtu25a0

86 Eebruiting i -87raquo Cag-ualtieso l

_s

88bull Enemys morale 89raquo Internal situation in enemys cotintry

-shy