WHAT’s INTERESTING IN THE

NEW INTEL® i7 PROCESSORS ???Guided by,

Mr. Subrat Kumar NayakCSE Dept, ITERSOA University.

Presented by,Bibhu Prasad Biswal

Regd. No.- 08110121287th Sem, CSE(B)

AGENDA

INTRODUCTION TO INTEL® i7 EXTREMEPROCESSORS

INTEL® QUICKPATH ARCHITECTUREINTEL® SMART CACHE TECHNOLOGYINTEL® HYPER-THREADING TECHNOLOGYINTEL® TURBO-BOOST TECHNOLOGYCONCLUSIONREFERENCES

INTRODUCTION TO INTEL® i7 EXTREME PROCESSORS

What makes these processors fastest, dynamic, intelligent ??

• 64-bit Quad- core processor• Implements the NEHALEM architecture which implements:

- Intel® QuickPath Architecture- 8MB Intel® Smart Cache Technology- Intel® HT Technology

- Intel® Turbo-Boost Technology- Second Generation Intel® Virtualization Technology- Support for SSE4.2 and SSE4.1 instruction sets

Fig-1: Diagram showing technical improvements in the all new Intel® i7

Processors

INTEL® QUICKPATH ARCHITECTURE• Earlier, when a Memory Action is performed; control signals followed the

following path: Memory Controllers Processor Memory Controllers Main Memory

• Small Architectural change which realized significant increase in Memory Accessing Time, i.e. Memory Controller + Processor

Intel® QuickPath Architecture features an Integrated Memory Controller and

High-Speed Interconnect Bus linking processors and other components to deliver:

Dynamically scalable interconnect bandwidth Outstanding memory performance and flexibility Tightly integrated interconnect reliability, availability, and serviceability (RAS) Optimal balance of price, performance, and energy efficiency.

Fig-2: Block Diagram showing the Intel® Quick Path Architecture

8MB INTEL® SMART CACHE TECHNOLOGY (3-LEVEL CACHE HIERARCHY)

• Shared L2 cache is not suited to a native quad-core architecture as different cores can too frequently flush data needed by another core.

• Therefore in this NEHALAM architecture, each core is provided with a Level 2 cache of its own. Since it’s dedicated to a single core and relatively small (256 KB), enabled it to endow with very high performance; latency.

• Then comes the enormous 8MB L3 cache for managing communications between cores.

• ADVANTAGE OF CACHE HIERARCHY:If a core tries to access a data item and it’s not present in the Level 3 cache, there’s no need to look in the other cores’ private caches—the data item won’t be there either.

• DISADVANTAGE OF CACHE HIERARCHY:Wasting part of the cache memory with data that is already in other cache levels.

Fig-3: Diagram representing Three Level Cache Hierarchy

Fig-4: Diagram showing Three-Level Cache Hierarchy in a Quad-Core Processor

INTEL® HT TECHNOLOGY (HYPER THREADING TECHNOLOGY)

• In Hyper-Threading Technology the computer has one physical processor , but OS will see two logical processors and treat the system as if there were actually two processors.

• Improves the performance under multi-tasking environments.• Intel HT Technology provides hardware multi-threading

capability with a single physical package by using shared execution resources in a processor core.

• Architecturally, a processor that supports Intel HT Technology consists of two or more logical processors, each of which has its own architectural state.

• Each logical processor consists of a full set of data registers, segment registers, control registers, debug registers, and most of the MSRs. Each also has its own Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller

Fig-5: Comparison of a Processor Supporting Hyper-Threading Technology and a Traditional

Dual Processor System

Fig-6: Diagrammatic Demonstration of a Two Threaded Task with and without Hyper-

Threading Technology

Fig-7: Diagram Showing Resource Allocation and Throughput in case of with and without HT

Technology

INTEL® TURBO BOOST TECHNOLOGY• Activated when OS demands highest performance from the

processor by scaling the operating frequency of the processor if it's operating below power, current, and temperature specification limits.

• It’s design concept in referred to as Dynamic Clocking.• When just one or two cores are being actively used; whatever

power the other two or three cores would have been consumed is redirected to the active cores.

• Turbo Boost can increase the frequency of all four cores until they're running as fast as they can for the current workload.

• The upper limit of Intel Turbo Boost Technology on a given workload is set by: (i) Number of active cores (ii) Estimated current consumption (iii) Estimated power consumption (iv)Processor temperature

Fig-8: Diagram showing the functionality of Turbo Boost Technology

Fig-9: Frequency scaling in different cases using Turbo Boost Technology

CONCLUSIONToday's processor are expected to provide higher performance. That’s what is exactly provided by the INTEL® i7 processors. Being the first of its kind, the INTEL® i7 processor has continuously got good rating from all kind of users. All the new technologies implemented in INTEL® i7 processors will surely lead to a great computing experience.

REFERENCES[1]Intel i7 Developer’s Manual[2]

http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/processors/core/core-i7-processor.html

[3]http://reviews.cnet.com/processors/intel-core-i7-965/4505-3086_7-33366836.html

[4]http://www.intel.com/technology/product/demos/turboboost/demo.htm?iid=tech_demo+tb

[5]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=llOXMPXH2VA[6]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kkrqyEpINSQ[7]

http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/io/quickpath-technology/performance-quickpath-architecture-paper.html

[8]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bE9EbQOeb_U[9]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=An7w0laRGv8

ANY QURIES