integrative design a whole systems approach

Integrative Design Process - A

Whole Systems Approach

22 May 2012

Presented by

Helen J. Kessler, FAIA, LEED AP

Sachin Anand, PE, LEED AP

USGBC – ILLINOIS CHAPTER

1.5

Integrative Design: A Whole Systems Approach

The U.S. Green Building Council – Illinois Chapter is a

Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects

Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion

of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA

members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members

are available on request.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing

professional education. As such, it does not include content

that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or

endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any

method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing

in any material or product. Questions related to specific

materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the

conclusion of this presentation.

Learning Objectives

Explain the integrative design process, including its

benefits in the design and development of high

performance buildings.

Describe the key elements of the integrative design

process and the shifts required when compared to

conventional practice.

Make a case for designing/developing high performance

buildings and using an integrative design process.

Identify tools for implementing an integrative design

process.

Helen J. Kessler, FAIA, LEED Fellow

HJKessler Associates – Green Building Design Consultants

Services include Sustainable Design/LEED, energy efficiency, commissioning

consulting and training; Adjunct Faculty at Northwestern University

Over 50 LEED projects, 40 certified projects - 7 Platinum, 24 Gold

Jewish Reconstructionist

Congregation (Platinum)

Mark T. Skinner Elementary

School (Gold)

Orland Park Police

Headquarters (Gold)

Sachin Anand, PE, LEED A.P.

MEP Consultants

Mechanical Engineer

Adjunct Faculty at IIT

Focus on sustainable projects

Green Exchange (LEED Gold) Columbia College Media

Production Center (LEED Gold)

Poetry Foundation (LEED Silver)

A Global Imperative

Resource

Consumption/Depletion

Energy

Water

Materials

Global

Warming/Climate

Change

What is the Integrative Process?

Everybody Engaging Every Issue Early in the

Project

An intentional process of discovering interrelationships

and synergies between systems and components

Requires more and earlier analysis than typical

practice

Asks the team to question conventional assumptions

Includes iterative analysis to achieve cost-effective

and environmentally effective project solutions

Requires buy-in from the owners, designers, and

builders – everyone working together

Shifting the Way We Think

From a linear process to

an interactive process

to

an interdisciplinary

process to

a whole systems

process (focusing on

interrelated systems

integration)

Stepping Stones to Integrative Design

Concept by Bill Reed and Barbra Batshalom

Architect

Planning Staff

Daylighting & Energy Modeler

Structural Engineer

Landscape Architect

MEP Subcontractors

Mechanical Engineer

Civil Engineer

Facilities O&M Staff

General Contractor

Construction Manager

Product Manufacturers

Commissioning Authority Cost Estimator

Community Members

Owner Building Users

Facilities Management Staff

Electrical Engineer

INTEGRATIVE DESIGN TEAM (Composite Master Builder)

Adapted from graphic by Bill Reed

Key Stakeholders

From Integrative

Process

Standard© for

Design and

Construction of

Sustainable Buildings

and Communities

Draft ANSI Consensus

Standard Guide 2.0

IEQ

E

M

$

The essential structure repeats:

RESEARCH / ANALYSIS

WORKSHOP

RESEARCH / ANALYSIS

WORKSHOP

Energy

Water/Habitat

Materials

Energy

Water/Habitat

Materials

IEQ IEQ

Materials

Water/Habitat

Energy

Budget

IEQ

Integrative Design Process

ANSI/MTS 1.0 Whole Systems Integrated Process Guide (WSIP)-2007

for Sustainable Buildings & Communities©. Graphic by Bill Reed.

Joint decision-making and problem-solving (not just individual assignments that

are later integrated into a whole)

Whole Systems Thinking – The First

Airplane 1900 - 1903

The Wright Brothers Samuel Pierpoint Langley

. . . from A Dream of Wings by Tom D. Crouch

Wright Bros analysis by Seven Group, Chris Shaffner

Langley’s Solution


Each component made from the best, most highly engineered technologies of the time

First Test Flight


“Like a handful of mortar”


Langley’s Second Attempt


A fundamentally flawed machine, a kit of parts, with a very big

engine (45 hp)

The Wright Brothers Started with Kites…


Then Gliders


A Breakthrough


Nearly the Final Design


The First Flight


Off-the-shelf 16 hp engine; 1/3 the size of Langley’s

Langley - each piece optimized in isolation Wright Bros. - an integrated system

Will your building…

or flop?

How many of our buildings are an un-integrated Aerodrome into

which we put a huge HVAC system to make up for design flaws?

fly?


A High Performance Liver?

Concept by Bill Reed

Integrative Design: Building as an

Organism

Systems Integration:

Understanding relationships among

systems

Not a set of component parts

Holistic, non-linear process

(In a building) downsize or

eliminate systems

A Whole Systems Integrative Process

Understanding how all systems work together

– context

Nested systems: Region Community Buildings

Eco-system, Place, History

Slide and Story Courtesy of Bill Reed

A More Efficient Grocery Store

A Whole Systems Integrative Process

Take advantage of major resource savings

Tunneling through the cost barriers, optimizing the

system, not the parts

How? By understanding that systems are not

isolated; removing the silos; modeling interactions

Orientation, HVAC, lighting, envelope, glazing, etc

Diminishing Returns

From Natural Capitalism by Lovins, Lovins and Hawken, 1999, Chapter 6

Tunneling Through the Cost Barrier

From Natural Capitalism by Lovins, Lovins and Hawken, 1999, Chapter 6

Lean Construction Institute calls this “Optimizing the system, not its parts”.

Case Study Example: Systems

Impacts on Other Systems

How does your interior paint color affect HVAC system costs?

Coefficients of Utilization PRU-9-A-04-2T8-SC-YMW-S-120

Floor effective floor cavity reflectance = .20

Ceiling 80 70 50

Wall 70 50 30 10 70 50 30 10 50 30 10

RCR 0 .72 .72 .72 .72 .62 .62 .62 .62 .43 .43 .43

1 .66 .62 .60 .57 .56 .54 .52 .50 .37 .36 .35

2 .60 .54 .50 .47 .51 .47 .43 .41 .33 .31 .29

3 .54 .48 .43 .39 .46 .41 .37 .34 .29 .26 .24

4 .49 .42 .37 .32 .42 .36 .32 .28 .25 .22 .20

5 .45 .37 .32 .27 .39 .32 .28 .24 .23 .20 .17

6 .41 .33 .28 .24 .35 .29 .24 .21 .20 .17 .15

7 .38 .30 .24 .20 .33 .26 .21 .18 .18 .15 .13

8 .35 .27 .21 .18 .30 .23 .19 .16 .16 .13 .11

9 .33 .24 .19 .15 .28 .21 .17 .14 .15 .12 .10

10 .30 .22 .17 .14 .26 .19 .15 .12 .13 .11 .09

Connections:

Paint

Lighting

HVAC Sizing for cooling

# of light fixtures = footcandles x area

lumens x LLF x CU = 25% Reduction

Using Energy Models to Support

Integrative Design Use computer-based tools to simulate the

energy use of a building throughout an

entire year of operation .

Assess the energy use of a building and

quantify the savings attributable to the

proposed design.

Determine energy use and costs without

constructing a building.

Integrated Design

Time

Program

Predesign

Schematic

Design

Design

Development

Construction

Documents

Construction

Administration

Post-

Construction

Traditional

Potential for Energy Savings

Integrated Design

Program

Pre-design

Schematic

Design

Design

Development

Construction

Documents

Construction

Administration

Post

Construction

When to Start Modeling?

Conceptual Design

Basic Model

Several Assumptions Required as building is

not defined

Good for input on comparative Schemes

94.39

117.86

98.23

122.56

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

kBtu/sf

north 3

stories

north 4

stories

west 3

stories

west 4

stories

EUI / Height and Orientation


Schematic Design

Review Component Energy Use


Design Development

Parametric Review of Options


Construction Documents

Very Limited Opportunity to Improve

Design

Energy Accounting

LEED Tabulation

Example: Columbia College

35,000 sf Media Production Facility

7,500 sf Sound Stage

240 kW of lighting after diversity

Traditional Calculations – 40,000 cfm of

air

Computational Fluid Dynamic Study –

16,000 cfm of air

Cost of Study - $10,000

First Cost Savings - $250,000

Example: Columbia College

Benefits of an Integrative Process

Improved Occupant Performance Better Indoor Air Quality

Daylight

Reduced Operational Costs Energy and Resource Efficiency

Enhanced Asset Value and Increased Profits Optimized Life Cycle Economic Performance

Potentially No Increase in Construction Cost

Enduring Facilities Positive Public Image

Instructional Facilities

Reduced Environmental Impacts

Where to Get More Information

Integrative Process (IP)©, ANSI Consensus

National Standard Guide, February 2, 2012 for

Design and Construction of Sustainable Buildings

and Communities.

Roadmap for the Integrated Design Process, British

Columbia Green Building Roundtable

The Integrative Design Guide to Green Building, by

7Group and Bill G.Reed

AIA Integrated Project Delivery,

http://www.aia.org/contractdocs/AIAS077630

Started Fall 2005 at the CCGT; met in April 2006

– Weekend Charrette @ Perkins+Will Chicago,

met again in 2007 and 2008 at AIA HQ and in

November 2008 Liberty Mutual

Integrative Process - Consensus Guideline

Roadmap for Integrated Design

Process

The Integrative Design Guide to

Green Building

AIA Project Delivery Guide / AIA California Council - 2007

AIA IDP Process Comparison Traditional Design Process

Integrated Design Process

AIA IDP - Front-End Loaded Design

AIA Project Delivery Guide / AIA California Council - 2007

Learn More and Experience the

Integrative Design Process and

Sample Eco-Charrette

“Designing High Performance Buildings

Using an Integrative Design Process”

8:30am to 4:30pm, June 14

Sponsored by the ComEd and Nicor Smart

Ideas program

For more info: [email protected]

Questions??

Integrative Design Process - A

Whole Systems Approach

Sachin Anand, PE, LEED AP

Chicago, IL

www.dbhms.com

[email protected]

Helen J. Kessler, FAIA, LEED A.P.

Chicago, IL

www.hjkesslerassociates.com

[email protected]