SOCIETY, POLITICS AND CULTURE IN LATIN AMERICA

2007-2008

Course Organiser: Dr David Lehmann Contact telephone: 334525 e-mail: ADL1@cam.ac.uk Other lecturers and supervisors: Ms. Ella McPherson <em310@cam.ac.uk> Ms Hettie Malcomson <hhm22@cam.ac.uk> Aims and Objectives:

• to provide students with an overview of the main social and political issues

affecting Latin America in the post-WWII period, with special reference to authoritarianism, democratization, ethnicity, social justice and social movements.

• to present a framework for the study of cultural processes and change, as a complement to the more sociological and political approach, with special reference to ethnicity, gender, and religion.

• to enable students to study these issues with a comparative method, and in the framework of modern social and political theory, especially where it concerns globalization, ethnicity, the state, democratization, political economy and multiculturalism.

• to help students produce coherent, clearly written and well structured essays. Brief Description of the Paper The paper covers structural, political and cultural change in the region since the Second World War. The approach is interdisciplinary, using methods and theories drawn from history, sociology, politics, and social anthropology. In politics - the peculiarities, or not, of the ‘Latin American state’, populism, bureaucratic authoritarianism and democratization, and the construction of - or failure to construct – citizenship, including the rebirth of populism at the turn of the century. In society the emphasis is on the profound social changes which have taken place, first in the process of ‘inward-looking’ industrialization, and then, after 1980, the

social ‘earthquake’ arising out of financial crisis, market reforms and economic globalization, social movements among the urban population and indigenous peoples, the urban informal sector, NGOs and the development process;; urbanism and changing household structures. In culture the emphasis is on the increasing heterogeneity of identities and traditions, and on the role of music and popular celebrations in the construction of identity. This will involve consideration of music, art and dance, multicultural or intercultural pressures and the transformation of the religious panorama by charismatic forms of Protestantism and Catholicism.. In the current year there will be some, but by no means exclusive, emphasis on Argentina, Chile, Brazil and Mexico.

Mode of Assessment One three-hour examination or two 5,000-word essays. Students should check with the regulations for their Tripos before deciding which path to follow.

Supervision Arrangements The paper is taught by lectures and supervision classes. Students who intend to take the examination should do at least 6 essays during the year so as to gain an adequate knowledge of the issues and also of analytical approaches. They should be aware that to benefit from the paper they need to possess or acquire a reasonable conceptual grounding in relevant concepts and theories – such as democratization, popular culture, gender. Students doing the 5,000 word essays should attend lectures: they cannot expect their supervisors to provide the corresponding background in their place. The Seminar programme of the Centre of Latin American Studies offers the opportunity to broaden knowledge of the subject by attending papers on a wide range of subjects, usually given by visiting speakers. Students are encouraged to register with the Centre so that they can receive information about seminars and other events. Background Reading DE LA ROCHA, M. G. 1994. The Resources of Poverty: women and society in a

Mexican city. Oxford, Blackwell. DIAMOND, L. 1999. Democracy in developing countries: Latin America. Boulder, Lynne Rienner Publishers. ELLNER, S. AND D. HELLINGER, Eds. (2003). Venezuelan Politics in the Chavez

Era, Lynne Rienner. FERNANDEZ- KELLY, P. and J. SHEFFNER (eds.) Out of the shadows: the

informal economy and political movements in Latin America, Penn State University Press.

GARCÍA CANCLINI, NÉSTOR, 1995 Hybrid Cultures: Strategies for Entering and

Leaving Modernity, translated by S. L. Lupez & Chiappari, C. L. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. LEHMANN, D. 1996. Struggle for the Spirit: Religious Transformation and Popular

Culture in Brazil and Latin America, Oxford: Polity Press. LINZ, J. & STEPAN, A. 1996. Problems of Democratic Transition and

Consolidation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. MARTIN, D. 1990. Tongues of Fire: the Protestant Explosion in Latin America. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. MIDDLEBROOK, K. J. 2004. Dilemmas of political change in Mexico. London, Institute of Latin American Studies University of London. MARTINEZ, T. E. 1997. Santa Evita. London: Doubleday. O’DONNELL, G. 1988. Bureaucratic Authoritarianism: Argentina, 1967-1973. Berkeley: University of California Press. O’DONNELL, G. 1999. Counterpoints: selected essays on authoritarianism and

democracy. University of Notre Dame Press. PERRONE, Charlesand & DUNN, C. (eds) (2001) Brazilian Popular Music and

Globalization (Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida). PORTES, A. & STEPICK, A. 1993. City on the Edge: the Transformation of Miami.

Berkeley: University of California Press. ROWE, W. and SCHELLING, V. 1991. Memory and Modernity: Popular Culture in

Latin America. London: Verso. SANTISO, J. 2006. Latin America's Political Economy of the Possible: Beyond Good

Revolutionaries and Free-Marketeers Cambridge MA, MIT Press. SCHELLING, V., Ed. (2000). Through the kaleidoscope : the experience of modernity in Latin America. London, Verso. YASHAR, D., 2005. Contesting citizenship in Latin America: the rise of the

indigenous movements and the post-liberal challenge, CUP. Sample Examination Paper:

Candidates must answer three questions.

1. Is it still true that there is no black people’s movement in Brazil?

2. If economic development cannot be achieved without a change in power structure, how can this be achieved through democracy?

3. To what extent is Latin America caught in a stage between the transition to

elected government and the consolidation of democracy? Answer with reference to at

4. least two countries.

5. Although Peronism mobilized hundreds of thousands of followers, could it be said to have either empowered them or to have benefited them in the long run?

6. Has political reform made Mexico a better governed country?

7. In what ways have household structures changed in response to economic

crisis?

8. What evidence do we have for the view that the ‘option for the poor’ heralded by the Catholic Church since 1968 has in fact led the Church to lose support, both

9. among the poor and among other classes?

10. ‘Pentecostalism raises the question whether in religion, as in business, marketing is as important as the quality of the merchandise itself.’ Comment in the light of

11. the methods of organization, the message and the social appeal of Pentecostalism in Latin America.

12. Explain the collapse of the Venezuelan two-party system.

13. Does the removal of a President by constitutional methods reflect an immature

democracy?

14. Is it possible for democracy to be consolidated if violators of human rights are not exposed and punished?

15. How has it come about that left-wing revolutionaries have come to rely on the

drugs traffic?

16. Is multiculturalism increasing the risk of ethnic tensions in Latin America?

17. Now that in some Latin American countries more than 40 per cent of economic activity is said to be ‘informal’ does the concept need to be reframed?

18. Critically assess the relationship between carnival and social control using two

or more Latin American examples.

19. Can popular culture be a form of social resistance? Discuss using examples from two or more Latin American countries.

David Lehmann Politics and Society Michaelmas Term Weeks 1-8, Mondays at 12 Culture and Society Lent Term Weeks 1-8, Fridays at 11 Hettie Malcomson

Popular Culture in Latin America

Lent Term weeks 1-4, Wednesdays at 9 Ella McPherson

Mexico Dates of lectures TBC (these times may change; you will need to consult the lecture list at the beginning of

term)

David Lehmann

Politics and Society

1. Distinctive features of the Latin American state

(Schmitter 1974; O'Donnell 1977; O'Donnell 1978; Stepan 1978; Schmitter 1989; Whitehead 1994; Coronil 1997; Crisp 2000; Fitzgerald and Thorp 2005) Coronil, F. (1997). The magical state: nature, money and modernity in Venezuela. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. Crisp, B. F. (2000). Democratic institutional design : the powers and incentives of Venezuelan politicians and interest groups. Stanford, Calif., Stanford University Press. Fitzgerald, E. V. K. and R. Thorp, Eds. (2005). Economic doctrines in Latin America: origins, embedding and evolution. Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan. O'Donnell, G. (1977). Corporatism and the question of the State. Authoritarianism and Corporatism in Latin America. J. Malloy. Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh University Press.

O'Donnell, G. (1978). "State and Alliances in Argentina." Journal of Development Studies 15(1). Schmitter, P. (1974). "Still the century of corporatism?" Review of Politics 36(1). Schmitter, P. (1989). "Corporatism is dead! Long live corporatism!" Government and Opposition 24(1): 54-73. Stepan, A. (1978). The State and Society: Peru in Comparative Perspective. Princeton, Princeton University Press. Whitehead, L. (1994). State organization in Latin America since the 1930s. Cambridge History of Latin America, VI. L. Bethell. Cambridge, CUP.

2. Experiments in social change: 1960 to c. 1982

(Skidmore 1967; Skidmore 1988; Krauze 1997; Fausto and Brakel 1999)

O'DONNELL, G., SCHMITTER, P. et al. 1986. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule:

Prospects for Democracy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. VALENZUELA, A. (ed.) 1978. The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes: Chile. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. LEHMANN, D. 1990. Democracy and Development in Latin America: Economics,

Politics and Religion in the Post-war Period. Oxford: Polity Press. Fausto, B. and A. Brakel (1999). A concise history of Brazil. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Krauze, E. (1997). Mexico: biography of power: a history of modern Mexico, 1810-1996. New York, HarperCollins. Skidmore, T. (1988). The Politics of Military Rule in Brazil, Oxford University Press, New York.

Skidmore, T. E. (1967). Politics in Brazil, 1930-1964: an experiment in democracy. New York, OUP.

3. The Bureaucratic-Authoritarian State

CONSTABLE, P. and VALENZUELA, A. 1991. A 7ation of Enemies: Chile under

Pinochet. New York: Norton. GARRETÓN, M. A. 1989. 'Popular Mobilization and the Military Regime in Chile: the Complexities of the Invisible Transition' in Susan Eckstein (ed.) Power and

Political Protest: Latin American Social Movements. Berkeley: University of California Press. O'DONNELL, G. 1977. 'Corporatism and the Question of the State' in J. Malloy (ed.) Authoritarianism and Corporatism in Latin America. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh University Press. O'DONNELL, G. 1978. 'Reflections on the Patterns of Change in the Bureaucratic Authoritarian State'. Latin American Research Review 13: (1). O'DONNELL, G. 1988. Bureaucratic Authoritarianism: Argentina, 1966-1973. Berkeley: University of California Press. SILVA, E. (1996). The State and Capital in Chile: business elites, technocrats and

market economics. Boulder, Westview Press. SKIDMORE, T. 1988. The Politics of Military Rule in Brazil. New York: Oxford University Press. GARRETÓN, M. A. (1989). Popular mobilization and the military regime in Chile: the complexities of the invisible transition. Power and political protest: Latin

American social movements. S. Eckstein. Berkeley, University of California Press. OXHORN, P. (1995). Organizing Civil Society: the Popular Sectors and the Struggle

for Democracy in Chile. University Park, Penn. State University Press. VALENZUELA, A., Ed. (1978). The breakdown of democratic regimes: Chile.

Baltimore, Johns Hopkins.

4. Democratization and popular mobilization: Argentina from crisis to crisis

(Robben 2005)

AUYERO, J. (2001). Poor people's politics: Peronist survival networks and the legacy of Evita. Durham, NC, Duke University Press. AUYERO, J. (2000). "The logic of clientelism in Argentina." Latin American Research Review 35(3): 55-82. LLANOS, N. (2001). "Understanding Presidential Power in Argentina: a Study of the Policy of Privatisation in the 1990s." Journal of Latin American Studies 33(1). MARTÍNEZ, T. E. (1999). The Perón novel. New York, Vintage International. MCGUIRE, J. W. (1997). Peronism without Perón : unions, parties, and democracy in Argentina. MUNCK, R. (1987). Argentina from Anarchism to Peronism. London, Zed Books. O'DONNELL, G. (1988). Bureaucratic Authoritarianism: Argentina, 1966-1973. Berkeley, University of California Press. O'DONNELL, G. (1978). "State and Alliances in Argentina." Journal of Development Studies 15(1). PREVOT-SCHAPIRA, M.-F. (1999). "From Utopia to Pragmatism: the Heritage of basismo in local government in the Greater Buenos Aires Region." Bulletin of Latin American Research 18(2): 175-198. ROCK, D. (1993). Authoritarian Argentina: the nationalist movement, its history and its impact, OUP SHAMIS, H. (2002). "Argentina: Crisis and Democratic Consolidation." Journal of Democracy 13(2). Robben, A. C. G. M. (2005). Political violence and trauma in Argentina. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press. 5 Democratization and neo-liberalism: a necessary relationship?

(Whitehead 1993; Centeno 1994; Graham 1994; Weyland 1996; Weyland 1997; Centeno and Silva 1998; Weyland 1998; Grindle 2000; Weyland 2002) (Bourguignon, Ferreira et al. 2003; Schwartzman 2005)(Soto 1989) (Portes and Roberts 2006) (Weyland 1998; Weyland 2002; Santiso 2006)

Bourguignon, F., F. Ferreira, et al. (2003). Conditional cash transfers, schooling and child labor: micro-simulating bolsa escola. Rio de Janeiro, Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Economics, Working Paper 477 www.econ.puc-rio.br/PDF/td477.pdf. Centeno, M. A. (1994). Democracy within Reason: Technocratic Revolution in Mexico. University Park, Pennsylvania State University Press. Centeno, M. A. and P. Silva, Eds. (1998). The politics of expertise in Latin America. Basingstoke, Macmillan. Graham, C. (1994). Safety nets, politics and the poor: transitions to market economies. Washington D.C., Brookings Institution. Grindle, M. S. (2000). Audacious reforms : institutional invention and democracy in Latin America. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press. Portes, A. and B. Roberts (2006). "Coping with the free market city: collective action in six Latin American cities at the end of the twentieth century." Latin American Research Review 41(2). Santiso, J. (2006). Latin America's Political Economy of the Possible: Beyond Good Revolutionaries and Free-Marketeers Cambridge MA, MIT Press. Schwartzman, S. (2005). Education-oriented social programs in Brazil: the impact of Bolsa Escola, www.schwartzman.org.br/simon/pdf/bolsa_escola_eng.pdf. Soto, H. d. (1989). The other path. London, I.B.Tauris. Weyland, K. (1996). Democracy without equity: failure of reform in Brazil. Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh University Press. Weyland, K. (1997). "'Growth with Equity' in Chile's New Democracy." Latin American Research Review 32(1). Weyland, K. (1998). "Swallowing the bitter pill: sources of support for neoliberal reform in Latin America." Comparative Political Studies 31(5): 539-568. Weyland, K. (2002). The Politics of Market Reform in Fragile Democracies: Argentina, Brazil, Peru, and Venezuela, Princeton University Press. Whitehead, L. (1993). "Economic liberalization and democratization: explorations." World Development XXI(8, Special Number).

6 Democratization and mobilization

(Stepan 1988; Caldeira 1990; Assies 1993; Bouvard 1994; Oxhorn 1994; Brysk 1995; Drake and Jaksic 1995; Oxhorn 1995; Roberts 1995; Roberts 1998; Foweraker 2001; Avritzer 2002; Call 2003; Wright and Wolford 2003) Assies, W. (1993). "Urban social movements and democracy in Brazil." European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies 55. Avritzer, L. (2002). Democracy and the public space in Latin America. Princeton, Princeton University Press. Bouvard, M. G. (1994). Revolutionizing motherhood : the mothers of the Plaza de Mayo. Wilmington, Del., Scholarly Resources Inc. Brysk, A. (1995). The Politics of Human Rights in Argentina, Stanford University Press. Caldeira, T. (1990). Women and popular movements in Sao Paulo. Women and social change in Latin America. E. Jelin. Geneva, UNRISD. Call, C. (2003). "Democratisation, war and state-building: constructing the rule of law in El Salvador." Journal of Latin American Studies 35: 827-862. Drake, P. W. and I. Jaksic (1995). The struggle for democracy in Chile. Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press. Foweraker, J. (2001). "Grassroots movements and political activism in Latin America: a critical comparison of Brazil and Chile." Journal of Latin American Studies 33(4): 839-866. Oxhorn, P. (1994). "Where Did All the Protesters Go? Popular Mobilization and the Transition to Democracy in Chile." Latin American Perspectives 21(3). Oxhorn, P. (1995). Organizing Civil Society: the Popular Sectors and the Struggle for Democracy in Chile. University Park, Penn. State University Press. Roberts, K. (1995). "From the Barricades to the Ballot Box: redemocratization and realignment in the Chilean left." Politics and Society 23(4): 495-519. Roberts, K. (1998). Deepening Democracy? the modern left and social movements in Chile and Peru. Stanford, Stanford University Press. Stepan, A., Ed. (1988). Democratizing Brazil. New York, OUP. Wright, A. and W. Wolford (2003). To inherit the earth: the Landless Movement and the struggle for a New Brazil. Oakland, Food First Books.

7 Managing democratization: Brazil

(Fausto and Brakel 1999) Abers, R. (2000). Inventing local democracy: grassroots politics in Brazil. Boulder, Colo., Lynne Rienner Publishers. Ames, B. (2001). The deadlock of democracy in Brazil. Ann Arbour, University of Michigan Press. Assies, W. (1999). "Theory, practice and 'external actors' in the making of new social movements in Brazil." Bulletin of Latin American Research 18(2): 1211-226. Figueiredo, C. and F. Limongi (2000). "Presidential power, legislative organization and party behaviour in Brazil." Comparative Politics 32(2): 151-170. Hagopian, F. (1996). Traditional politics and regime change in Brazil, Cambridge University Press. Kingstone, P. R. and T. J. Power (2000). Democratic Brazil : actors, institutions, and processes. Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Press. Power, T. J. (2000). The political right in post-authoritarian Brazil: elites, institutions democratization. University Park, PA, Pennsylvania State University Press. Skidmore, T. (1988). The Politics of Military Rule in Brazil, Oxford University Press, New York. Souza, C. (1997). Constitutional Engineering in Brazil: the Politics of Federalism and Decentralization. Basingstoke, Macmillan. Stepan, A., Ed. (1988). Democratizing Brazil. New York, OUP. Weyland, K. (1996). Democracy without equity: failure of reform in Brazil. Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh University Press. Weyland, K. (2002). The Politics of Market Reform in Fragile Democracies: Argentina, Brazil, Peru, and Venezuela, Princeton University Press. Fausto, B. and A. Brakel (1999). A concise history of Brazil. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

8. The case of Venezuela

(Hawkins and Hansen 2006)

Buxton, J. (2001). The failure of political reform in Venezuela. Aldershot ; Burlington, USA, Ashgate. Buxton, J. (2003). Economic Policy and the Rise of Hugo Chavez. Venezuelan Politics in the Chavez Era. S. Ellner and D. Hellinger, Lynne Rienner. Conniff, M. L. (1999). Populism in Latin America. Tuscaloosa, University of Alabama Press. Conniff, M. L. (1981). Latin American populism in comparative perspective. Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press Coronil, F. (1997). The magical state: nature, money and modernity in Venezuela. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. Crisp, B. F. (2000). Democratic institutional design : the powers and incentives of Venezuelan politicians and interest groups. Stanford, Calif., Stanford University Press. Ellner, S. and D. Hellinger, Eds. (2003). Venezuelan Politics in the Chavez Era, Lynne Rienner. Levine, D. (2002). "The Decline and Fall of Democracy in Venezuela: Ten Theses." Bulletin of Latin American Research 21(2): 248-269. Trinkunas, H. (2002). "The crisis in Venezuelan civil-military relations: from Punto Fijo to the Fifth Republic." Latin American Research Review 37(1). Hawkins, K. A. and D. R. Hansen (2006). "Dependent Civil Society: the Círculos Bolivarianos in Venezuela " Latin American Research Review 41(1): 102-132. Culture and Society

9. Violence and the drugs trade

BAGLEY, B. and W. WALKER III, Eds. (1994). Drug trafficking in the Americas. Coral Gables, University of Miami Press. CRABTREE, J. (1992). Peru under Garcia: an opportunity lost, Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Press.

CRABTREE, J. and J. THOMAS, Eds. (1998). Fujimori's Peru: the Political

Economy. London, Institute of Latin American Studies. FRANCO, Mario de and R. GODOY (1992). "The economic consequences of cocaine production in Bolivia." Journal of Latin American Studies 24: 375-406. GORRITI ELLENBOGEN, G. (1999). The Shining Path : a history of the millenarian

war in Peru. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press. HUGGINS, M. (2000). "Legacies of authoritarianism: Brazilian torturers' and murderers' reformulation of memory." Latin American Perspectives 27(2): 57-78. HUGGINS, M. K., M. HARITOS-FATOUROS, et al. (2002). Violence workers : police torturers and murderers reconstruct Brazilian atrocities. Berkeley, California, University of California Press. LEEDS, E. (1996). "Cocaine and parallel politics in the Brazilian urban periphery: constraints on local-level democratization." Latin American Research Review 31(3): 47-84. MOSER, C. O. N. and C. MCILWAINE (2000). Urban poor perceptions of violence and exclusion in Colombia. Washington, DC, World Bank. LÉONS, M. B. and H. SANABRIA (1997). Coca, cocaine and Bolivian Reality. Albany, SUNY Press. HUGGINS, M. K. (1998). Political policing : the United States and Latin America. Durham, N.C., Duke University Press. POOLE, D. and G. REÑIQUE (1991). "The new chroniclers of Peru: US scholars and their 'Shining Path' of peasant rebellion." Bulletin of Latin American Research X(1). POOLE, D. and G. REÑIQUE (1992). Peru Time of Fear. London, Latin American Bureau. SIEDER, R., ed. (1995). Impunity in Latin America. London, Instiotute of Latin American Studies. SIEDER, R., ed. (1998). Guatemala after the peace accords. London, Institute of Latin American Studies. STEINER, K. (1998). "Colombia's income from the drug trade." World Development 26(6): 1013-1031. TAYLOR, L. (2006). Shining Path: guerrilla war in Peru's northern highlands, 1980-1997. Liverpool, Liverpool University Press. TAYLOR, L. (1998). "Counter-insurgency strategy, the PCP- Sendero Luminoso and the civil war in Peru, 1980-1996." Bulletin of Latin American Research 17(1): 35-58.

11, and 12. Religion.

(Chesnut 2003; Burdick 2005) BIRMAN, P. and LEHMANN, D. 1999. 'Religion and the Media in a Battle for Ideological Hegemony'. Bulletin of Latin American Research 18: 145-164. BURDICK, J. 1994. Looking for God in Brazil. Berkeley: University of California Press. BURDICK, J. (2005). "Why is the Black Evangelical movement growing in Brazil?" Journal of Latin American Studies 37(2): 311-332. BURDICK, J. (2005). Legacies of Liberation, Ashgate. CANESSA, A. 2000. 'Contesting Hybridity: Evangelistas and Kataristas in Highland Bolivia'. Journal of Latin American Studies 32: 55-84. CHESNUT, A. 1997. Born Again in Brazil: the Pentecostal Boom and the Pathogens

of Poverty. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. CHESNUT, A. (2003). Competitive Spirits: Latin America's 7ew Religious Economy. New York, OUP. CLEARY, E. L. and STEWART-GAMBINO, H. W. 1997. Power, Politics and

Pentecostals in Latin America. Oxford: Boulder. COX, H. 1996. Fire from Heaven: the Rise of Pentecostal Spirituality and the

Reshaping of Religion in the Twenty-first Century. London: Cassell. GROS, C. 1999. 'Evangelical Protestantism and Indigenous Populations'. Bulletin of

Latin American Research 18: 175-198. GUTIERREZ, G. 1974. Theology of Liberation. London: SCM. LEHMANN, D. 1996. Struggle for the Spirit: Religious Transformation and Popular

Culture in Brazil and Latin America. Oxford: Polity Press. LEHMANN, D. 1998. 'Fundamentalism and Globalism'. Third World Quarterly 19, 4: 607-634. LEHMANN, D. 2002. 'Religion in contemporary Latin American Social Science'. Bulletin of Latin American Research 21,2: 290-307 LEVINE, D. (ed.) 1980. Churches and Politics in Latin America. Beverly Hills: Sage.

LEVINE, D. 1992. Popular Voices in Latin American Catholicism. Princeton: Princeton University Press. MARTIN, D. 1990. Tongues of Fire: the Pentecostal Revolution in Latin America. Oxford: Blackwells. MARTY, M. and APPLEBY, R. S. 1994. Accounting for Fundamentalisms: the

Dynamic Character of Movements. Chicago: Chicago University Press. OTTMAN, G. (2002). Lost for words? Brazilian liberationism in the 1990s. Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Press. STOLL, D. and GARRARD- BURNETT, V. (eds.) 1993. Rethinking Protestantism in

Latin America. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

12. Ideologies of race, indigenism and multiculturalism since 1900

(Assies, Haar et al. 1998; Barry 2002; García 2003; García 2005; Albro 2006; Assies,

Ramirez Sevilla et al. 2006; Eisenstadt 2007) (Kymlicka 1995; Hale 1997; Kymlicka

2001; Wade 2005; Lucero 2006) (Wade 1997; Miller 2004)

Albro, R. (2006). "The Culture of Democracy and Bolivia's Indigenous Movements." Critique of Anthropology 26(4): 387-410. Assies, W., G. v. d. Haar, et al. (1998). The challenge of diversity : indigenous peoples and reform of the state in Latin America. Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Thela Thesis. Assies, W., L. Ramirez Sevilla, et al. (2006). "Autonomy rights and the politics of constitutional reform in Mexico." Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies 1(1): 37-62. Barry, B. M. (2002). Culture and equality : an egalitarian critique of multiculturalism. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press. Eisenstadt, T. (2007). "Usos y costumbres and postelectoral conflicts in Oaxaca, Mexico, 1995-2004: an empirical andnormative assessment." Latin American Research Review 42(1): 52-77.

García, M. E. (2003). "The politics of community: education, indigenous rights and ethnic mobilization in Peru." Latin American Perspectives 30(1): 70-94. García, M. E. (2005). Making indigenous citizens: identities, education and multicultural development in Peru, Stanford U.P. Hale, C. (1997). "Cultural politics of identity in Latin America." Annual Review of Anthropology 26: 567-590. Kymlicka, W. (1995). Multicultural citizenship : a liberal theory of minority rights. Oxford ; New York, Clarendon Press. Kymlicka, W. (2001). Politics in the vernacular : nationalism, multiculturalism and citizenship. Oxford, UK ; New York, Oxford University Press. Lucero, J. A. (2006). "Representing “Real Indians”: the challenges of indigenous authenticity and strategic constructivism in Ecuador and Bolivia." Latin American Research Review 46(2). Miller, M. G. (2004). Rise and fall of the cosmic race: the cult of mestizaje in Latin America. Austin, University of Texas Press. Wade, P. (1997). Race and ethnicity in Latin America. London, Pluto Press. Wade, P. (2005). "Rethinking Mestizaje: ideology and lived Experience." Journal of Latin American Studies 37(239-257).

13. Race and ethnicity in Brazil

ANDREWS, G. R. (ed.) 1991. Blacks and Whites in Sao Paulo, Brazil 1888-1988. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. BAILEY, S. (2002). "The race construct and public opinion: understanding Brazilian beliefs about racial inequality and their determinants." American Journal of Sociology 108(2): 432-440 BOURDIEU, P. and WACQUANT, J. 1999. 'On the Cunning of Imperialist Reason'. Theory, Culture and Society 16: 41-58. (see debates later in the same journal with contributions by French, Telles etc.) BURDICK, J. 1998. Blessed Anastasia: Women, Race and Popular Christianity in

Brazil. New York: Routledge.

BURDICK, J. (2004). Legacies of liberation: the progressive Catholic Church in Brazil. Aldershot, Ashgate. FRENCH, J. 2000. 'The Missteps of Anti-imperialist reason: Bourdieu, Wacquant and Hanchard's Orpheus and Power'. Theory, Culture and Society 17: 107-128. GOLDSTEIN, D. (2003). Laughter out of place: race, class, violence, and sexuality in a Rio shantytown. Berkeley, University of California Press. HANCHARD, M. 1994. Orpheus and Power: the 'Movimento 7egro' of Rio de

Janeiro and Sao Paulo, 1945-1988. Princeton: Princeton University Press. HANCHARD, M. (1999). Racial politics in Brazil, Duke University Press. HESS, D. J. and DA MATTA, R. (eds). The Brazilian Puzzle: Culture on the

Borderlands of the Western World. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press. HTUN, M. (2004). "From racial democracy to affirmative action: changing state policy on race in Brazil." Latin American Research Review, 39(1): 60-89. SHERIFF, R. (2000). "Exposing silence as cultural censorship: a Brazilian case." American Anthropologist 102(1): 114-132. SHERIFF, R. E. (2001). Dreaming equality : color, race, and racism in urban Brazil. New Brunswick, N.J., Rutgers University Press SKIDMORE, T. E. (1993). "Bi-racial USA vs. multi-racial Brazil: is the contrast still valid?" Journal of Latin American Studies 25(2). TELLES, E. (1992). "Residential segregation by skin colour in Brazil." Americn Sociological Review 57(2): 186-197. TELLES, E. (1995). "Race, class and space in Brazilian cities." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 19(3): 395-406. TELLES, E. (2002). "Racial ambiguity among the Brazilian population." Ethnic and Racial Studies 25(3): 415-441. TELLES, E. (2004). Race in Another America: The Significance of Skin Color in Brazil, Princeton University Press. SHERIFF, R. (2000). "Exposing silence as cultural censorship: a Brazilian case." American Anthropologist 102(1): 114-132. SHERIFF, R. E. (2001). Dreaming equality : color, race, and racism in urban Brazil. New Brunswick, N.J., Rutgers University Press.. WADE, P. 1993. 'Race, Nature and Culture'. Man 28: 17-34.

WADE, P. (2004). "Images of Latin American mestizaje and the politics of comparison." Bulletin of Latin American Research 23(355-366).

14 and 15. Indigenous movements and multicultural politics in Mesoamerica and

the Andes.

(Rivera Cusicanqui 1990; Anaya Muñoz 2004; Anaya Muñoz 2005; Lucero 2006; Eisenstadt 2007) (García 2003; García 2005) (Postero and Zamosc 2004) HALE, Charles R. (2002) “Does multiculturalism menace? Governance, cultural rights and the politics of identity in Guatemala”, Journal of Latin American Studies, 34 (3): 485-524. VAN COTT, D. L., Ed. (1994). Indigenous peoples and democracy in Latin America. New York, St. Martin's Press. YASHAR, D. (1998). "Contesting citizenship : indigenous movements and democracy in Latin America." Comparative Politics 31(1): 23-42 KYMLICKA, W. (1995). Multicultural citizenship : a liberal theory of minority rights. Oxford New York, Clarendon Press ; Oxford University Press. NORGET, K. (1997). "'The Politics of Liberation': The Popular Church, Indigenous Theology and Grassroots Mobilization in Oaxaca, Mexico." Latin American Perspectives 24(5): 96-127. SIEDER, R., Ed. (2002). Multiculturalism in Latin America: indigenous rights, diversity and democracy. Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan. SKIDMORE, T. E. (1993). "Bi-racial USA vs. multi-racial Brazil: is the contrast still valid?" Journal of Latin American Studies 25(2). STAVENHAGEN, R. (2002). Indigenous peoples and the state in Latin America: an ongoing debate. Multiculturalism in Latin America: indigenous rights, diversity and democracy. R. Sieder. Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan. Anaya Muñoz, A. (2004). "Explaining the politics of recognition of ethnic diversity and indigenous peoples' rights in Oaxaca, Mexico." Bulletin of Latin American Research 23(4): 414-433. Anaya Muñoz, A. (2005). "The emergence and development of the politics of recognition of cultural diversity and Indigenous Peoples' rights in Mexico: Chiapas and Oaxaca in comparative perspective." Journal of Latin American Studies 37(3): 585-610.

Eisenstadt, T. (2007). "Usos y costumbres and postelectoral conflicts in Oaxaca, Mexico, 1995-2004: an empirical andnormative assessment." Latin American Research Review 42(1): 52-77. García, M. E. (2003). "The politics of community: education, indigenous rights and ethnic mobilization in Peru." Latin American Perspectives 30(1): 70-94. García, M. E. (2005). Making indigenous citizens: identities, education and multicultural development in Peru, Stanford U.P. Lucero, J. A. (2006). "Representing “Real Indians”: the challenges of indigenous authenticity and strategic constructivism in Ecuador and Bolivia." Latin American Research Review 46(2). Postero, N. and L. Zamosc, Eds. (2004). The struggle for indigenous rights in Latin America. Brighton, Sussex Academic Press. Rivera Cusicanqui, S. (1990). "Liberal democracy and ayllu democracy in Bolivia: the case of Northern Potosí." Jounral of Development Studies 26(4): 97-121. CAMPBELL, H. (1994). Zapotec Renaissance: ethnic politics and cultural revivalism in Southern Mexico. Tucson, University of New Mexico Press CANESSA, A. 2000. 'Contesting Hybridity: Evangelistas and Kataristas in Highland Bolivia'. Journal of Latin American Studies 32: 55-84. NAVARRO, L. (1999). Reaffirming ethnic identity and reconstituting politics in Oaxaca. Subnational politics and democratization in Mexico. W. Cornelius, T. Eisenstadt and J. Hindley. San Diego, Centre for US-Mexican Studies. DE LA PEÑA, G. (2002) “Anthropological debates and the crisis of Mexican nationalism”, in W. Lem and B. Leach, eds., Culture, economy, power: anthropology as critique, anthropology as practice, Albany: State University of New York. DE LA PEÑA, G. (2002). Social citizenship, ethnic minority demands, Human Rights and neoliberal paradoxes: a case study in Western Mexico. Multiculturalism in Latin America: indigenous rights, diversity and democracy. R. Sieder. Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan. RUBIN, J. (1998). Ambiguity and contradiction in a radical popular movement. Culture of politics, politics of cultures: revisioning Latin American social movements. S. Alvarez, E. Dagnino and A. Escobar. Boulder, Westview.

16. Urban informal sector

Benería, L. and Roldán, M. 1987.The Crossroads of Class and Gender: Industrial Homework Subcontracting, and Household Dynamics in Mexico City. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Cartaya, Venesa. 1994. "Informality and Poverty: Causal Relationship or Coincidence?", in Rokowski, Cathy A. ed. Contrapunto: The Informal Sector

Debate in Latin America. Albany: State University of New York Press.

Cross, J. C. (1998). Informal politics : street vendors and the state in Mexico City. Stanford, Calif., Stanford University Press.

Chant, S. (2004) “Urban Livelihoods, Employment and Gender”, in Robert Gwynne and Cristobal Kay (eds), Latin America Transformed: Globalisation and Modernity, 2nd edition. Arnold: London, pp.210-31

Fernandez- Kelly, M. Patricia and Garcia, Anna. (1989) ‘Informalization at the Core: Hispanic Women, Homework, and the Advanced Capitalist State.’ In Portes, Alejandro, Castells, Manuel & Benton, Lauren A., Eds. The Informal Economy:

Studies in Adavnced and Less Developed Countries. John Hopkins University Pres

Gonzalez de la Rocha, Mercedes, (2001) ‘From the Resources of Poverty to the Poverty of Resources? The Erosion of a Survival Model’, Latin American

Perspectives, 28 (4): 72-100. Humphrey, John (1996): ‘Responses to Recession and Restructuring: Employment trends in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region, 1979-87’; The Journal of Development

Studies, Vol. 33, No: 1, pp. 40-62. ILO (2002) Women and Men in the Informal Economy: statistical picture.

Employment Sector, Geneva: ILO http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/infeco/download/menwomen.pdf Kruijt, S. G. (2002). Informal Citizens: Poverty, Informality and Social Exclusion in

Latin America. Amsterdam, Rozenberg Publishers. Portes, A. (1985). "Latin American class structures: their composition and change during the past four decade." Latin American Research Review XX. Portes, A. (1997). "Neoliberalism and the Sociology of Development." Population and Development Review 23(2): 229-260. Portes, A., M. Castells, et al., Eds. (1989). The informal economy: studies in advanced and less developed countries. Baltimore, John Hopkins University Press. Portes, A. and A. Stepick (1993). City on the Edge: the Transformation of Miami. Berkeley, University of California Press.

Saavedra Jaime and Chong Alberto (1999): ‘Structural Reform, Institutions and Earnings: Evidence from the Formal and Informal Sectors in Urban Peru’ The Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 35, No 4, pp. 95-116. Sethuraman, S. V. ‘Gender, Informality and Poverty: A global review: Gender bias in female informal employment and incomes in developing countries’. World Bank,

Poverty Reduction and Economic Management, Washington, DC and WIEGO, Geneva, 1998. (http://www.eldis.org/static/DOC7138.htm) Wilson, Tamar Diana (1998): ‘Approaches to Understanding the Position of Women Workers in the Informal Sector’ Latin American Perspectives, Vol. 25, Issue 2, pp. 105-119. Sachs, C. (1983). "The growth of squatter settlements in Sao Paulo." Social Science Information XXII(4/5).

De Soto, Hernando (1986) The Other Path: The Invisible Revolution in the Third

World. New York, Harper & Row, 1989.

Hettie Malcomson

Popular Culture in Latin America 1. Popular culture Beezley, William H & Linda Ann Curcio-Nagy (eds) (2000) Latin American Popular

Culture: An Introduction (Lanham, Boulder, New York, Toronto, Oxford: SR Books).

Bueno, Eva P & Terry Caesar (eds) (1998) Imagination Beyond 7ation: Latin

American Popular Culture (Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press). Franco, Jean (1996) 'Globalization and the Crisis of the Popular' in T. Salman (ed.)

The Legacy of the Disinherited. Popular Culture in Latin America: Modernity,

Globalization, Hybridity and Authenticity (Amsterdam: CEDLA). Also in: Franco, Jean (1999) Critical Passions: Selected Essays. (Durham and London: Duke University Press).García Canclini, Néstor (1993) Transforming

Modernity: Popular Culture in Mexico, translated by L. Lozano. (Austin: University of Texas Press).

García Canclini, Néstor (1995) Hybrid Cultures: Strategies for Entering and Leaving

Modernity, translated by S. L. Lupez & Chiappari, C. L. (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press).

Gilroy, Paul (1993) The Black Atlantic: Double Consciousness and Modernity. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press).

Godsland, Shelley & Anne M White (eds) (2002) Cultura Popular: Studies in Spanish

and Latin American Popular Culture (Oxford: Peter Lang).

Hart, Stephen M & Richard Young (eds) (2004) Contemporary Latin American

Cultural Studies (New York: Oxford University Press). Joseph, Gilbert M., Anne Rubenstein & Eric Zolov (eds) (2001) Fragments of a

Golden Age: The Politics of Culture in Mexico since 1940 (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press).

Lomnitz, Claudio (1992) Exits from the Labyrinth: Culture and Ideology in the

Mexican 7ational Space. (USA: University of California Press). Martín Barbero, Jesús (1993) Communication, Culture and Hegemony: From the

Media to Mediations, translated by E. Fox & White, R. A. (London, Newbury Park: Sage).

Sarlo, Beatriz (2001) Scenes from Postmodern Life, translated by J. Beasley-Murray. (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press).

Rowe, William & Vivian Schelling (1991) Memory and Modernity: Popular Culture

in Latin America. (London: Verso). Schelling, Vivian (ed.) (2000) Through the Kaleidoscope: The Experience of

Modernity in Latin America (London: Verso). Schelling, Vivian (2004) 'Popular Culture in Latin America' in J. King (ed.) The

Cambridge Companion to Modern Latin American Culture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press); 171-201.

2. Music, popular culture and nation Anderson, Benedict (1983) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and

Spread of 7ationalism. (London, New York: Verso). Archetti, Eduardo P. (1999) Masculinities: Football, Polo and the Tango in

Argentina. (Oxford, New York: Berg). Castro-Klarén, Sara & John Charles Chasteen (eds) (2003) Beyond Imagined

Communities: Reading and Writing the 7ation in 7ineteenth-Century Latin

America (Washington D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press). Davis, Darién J (2000) 'Racial Parity and National Humor: Exploring Brazilian Samba

from Noel Rosa to Carmen Miranda' in W. H. Beezley & Curcio-Nagy, L. A. (eds) Latin American Popular Culture: An Introduction (Lanham, Boulder, New York, Toronto, Oxford: SR Books); 43-60.

Folgarait, Leonard (1998) Mural Painting and Social Revolution in Mexico, 1920-

1940. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Hobsbawm, Eric John & Terence Osborn Ranger (eds) (1988) Invention of Tradition.

(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Lomnitz, Claudio (2001) Deep Mexico, Silent Mexico. An Anthropology of

7ationalism. (Minneapolis: University of Minessota Press). Moore, Robin D. (1997) 7ationalizing Blackness: Afrocubanismo and Artistic

Revolution in Havana, 1920-1940. (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press).

Ortiz, Renato (2000) 'Popular Culture, Modernity and Nation' in V. Schelling (ed.) Through the Kaleidoscope : The Experience of Modernity in Latin America (London: Verso).

Pilcher, Jeffrey M. (1998) Qué Vivan Los Tamales! Food and the Making of Mexican

Identity (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press).

Rubenstein, Anne (1995) Bad Language, 7aked Ladies and Other Threats to the

7ation: A Political History of Comic Books in Mexico. (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press).

Savigliano, Marta E. (1995) Tango and the Political Economy of Passion. (Boulder, CO: Westview Press).

Vianna, Hermano (1999) The Mystery of Samba: Popular Music and 7ational Identity

in Brazil, translated by J. C. Chasteen. (Chapel Hill NC: University of North Carolina Press).

Wade, Peter (2000) Music, Race and 7ation: Musica Tropical in Colombia. (Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press).

3. Latin American carnivals Bakhtin, Mikhail (1968) Rabelais and His World. (Cambridge: MIT Press). Chasteen, John Charles (1996) 'The Prehistory of Samba: Carnival Dancing in Rio De

Janeiro, 1840-1917', Journal of Latin American Studies, 28 (1); 29-47. Chasteen, John Charles (2000) 'Black Kings, Blackface Carnival, and Nineteenth-

Century Origins of the Tango' in W. H. Beezley & Curcio-Nagy, L. A. (eds) Latin American Popular Culture: An Introduction (Lanham, Boulder, New York, Toronto, Oxford: SR Books); 43-60.

Damatta, Roberto (1992 [1979]) Carnivals, Rogues, and Heroes: An Interpretation of

the Brazilian Dilemma. (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press). Gilmore, David D (1998) Carnival and Culture: Sex, Symbol and Status in Spain.

(New Haven: Yale University Press). Green, Garth L (2002) 'Marketing the Nation: Carnival and Tourism in Trinidad and

Tobago', Critique of Anthropology, 3 (22); 283-304. Lecount, Cynthia (1999) 'Carnival in Bolivia: Devils Dancing for the Virgin', Western

Folklore, 58 (3/4 Studies of Carnival in Memory of Daniel J. Crowley); 231-252

Roach, Joseph (1996) Cities of the Dead: Circum-Atlantic Performance. (New York: Colombia University Press).

Scheper-Hughes, Nancy (1992) Death without Weeping: The Violence of Everyday

Life in Brazil. (Berkeley: University of California Press). (See Chapter 11). Turner, Victor (1986) 'Carnaval in Rio: Dionysian Drama in an Industrializing

Society' in The Anthropology of Performance (New York: Performing Arts Journal Publications); 123-138.

Wood, Andrew Grant (2003) 'Introducing La Reina Del Carnaval: Public Celebration and Postrevolutionary Discourse in Veracruz, Mexico', The Americas, 60 (1); 87-107.

4. Culture industries, transnationalism, globalisation André, María Claudia (2005) 'Frida and Evita: Latin American Icons for Export' in R.

A. Root (ed.) The Latin American Fashion Reader (Oxford and New York: Berg); 247-262.

Aparicio, Frances R. & Cándida F. Jáquez (eds) (2003) Musical Migrations:

Transnationalism and Cultural Hybridity in Latin/o America, Volume 1 (New York and Basingstoke: Palgrave, Macmillan).

Dennison, Stephanie & Lisa Shaw (2004) Popular Cinema in Brazil, 1930-2001. (Manchester, New York: Manchester University Press).

Fernandes, Sujatha (2003) 'Fear of a Black Nation: Local Rappers, Transnational Crossings, and State Power in Contemporary Cuba', Anthropological

Quarterly, 76 (4); 575-608. King, John (2000) Magical Reels: A History of Cinema in Latin America. (London,

New York: Verso). Levi, Heather (2001) 'Masked Media: The Adventures of Lucha Libre on the Small

Screen' in G. M. Joseph, Rubenstein, A. & Zolov, E. (eds) Fragments of a

Golden Age: The Politics of Culture in Mexico since 1940 (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press); 330-372.

López, Ana M. (1995) 'Our Welcomed Guests: Telenovelas in Latin America' in R. C. Allen (ed.) To Be Continued...: Soap Operas around the World (Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge); 256-275.

Martin-Barbero, Jesús (1995) 'Memory and Form in the Latin American Soap Opera' in R. C. Allen (ed.) To Be Continued...: Soap Operas around the World (Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge); 256-275.

Perna, Vincenzo (2005) 'Marketing Nostalgia: The Rise of Buena Vista Social Club' in Timba: Black Dance Music in Havana in the 1990s (Aldershot: Ashgate).

Perrone, Charles A. & Christopher Dunn (eds) (2001) Brazilian Popular Music and

Globalization (Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida). Pilcher, Jeffrey M (2001) Cantinflas and the Chaos of Mexican Modernity.

(Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources). Santos, Lidia (2006) Tropical Kitsch: Mass Media in Latin American Art and

Literature, translated by E. Enenbach. (Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers). Wade, Peter (2004) 'Globalization and Appropriation in Latin American Popular

Music', Latin American research review, 39 (1); 273-284.

Ella McPherson

Mexico and Democratization

Lecture 1: The Mexican Revolution: Setting the Precedent (1910-40)

- Course of the Mexican Revolution - Interpretations of the Mexican Revolution - Consequences of the Mexican Revolution for 20th Century Mexico

Overview:

Camp, R. A. (1999). Politics in Mexico: The Decline of Authoritarianism. New York, Oxford University Press. Meyer, M. C. and W. L. Sherman (1995). The Course of Mexican History. New York, NY, Oxford University Press. Raat, W. D. (1982). The Mexican Revolution: An Annotated Guide to Recent Scholarship. Boston, MA, G. K. Hall. Revisionism:

Bailey, D. C. (1978). "Revisionism and the Recent Historiography of the Mexican Revolution." The Hispanic American Historical Review 58(1): 62-79.

Knight, A. (1992). "Revisionism and Revolution: Mexico Compared to England and France." Past and Present 134: 159-99. Ruíz, R. E. (1980). The Great Rebellion: Mexico 1905-1924. New York, NY, W. W. Norton. 7eo-populism:

Hart, J. M. (1987). Revolutionary Mexico: The Coming and Process of the Mexican Revolution. Berkeley, CA, University of California Press. Knight, A. (1986). The Mexican Revolution: Porfirians, Liberals, and Peasants. Lincoln, NE, University of Nebraska Press. Knight, A. (1986). The Mexican Revolution: Counter-revolution and Reconstruction. Lincoln, NE, University of Nebraska Press. Tutino, J. (1986). From Insurrection to Revolution in Mexico: Social Bases of Agrarian Violence, 1750-1940. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press. Revolution, Myth, and the PRI:

Benjamin, T. (2000). La Revolución: Mexico's Great Revolution as Memory, Myth, and History. Austin, TX, University of Texas Press. Gawronski, V. T. (2002). "The Revolution is Dead. '¡Viva la revolución!:' The Place of the Mexican Revolution in the Era of Globalization." Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 18(2): 363-97. Lecture 2: The Rise and Fall of the “Perfect Dictatorship” (1940-2000)

- The Mexican Miracle (1940-68) o Presidencialismo o Corporatism o Import substitution industrialization

- The slow transitions (1968-2000) o Legitimacy crises o Liberalization and democratization

Background:

Aguilar Camín, H. and L. Meyer (1993). In the Shadow of the Mexican Revolution: Contemporary Mexican History, 1910-1989. Austin, TX, University of Texas Press. Cothran, D. A. (1994). Political Stability and Democracy in Mexico: The "Perfect Dictatorship?" Westport, CT, Praeger. González Casanova, P. (1970). Democracy in Mexico. New York, Oxford University Press. Hansen, R. D. (1971). The Politics of Mexican Development. Baltimore, MD, The Johns Hopkins Press. Llosa, V. (1991). "Mexico: The Perfect Dictatorship." New Perspectives Quarterly 8(1): 23-24. Meyer, M. C. and W. L. Sherman (1995). The Course of Mexican History. New York, NY, Oxford University Press. Niblo, S. R. (1999). Mexico in the 1940s: Modernity, Politics, and Corruption. Wilmington, DE, Scholarly Resources, Inc. Williams, M. E. (2002). "Traversing the Mexican Odyssey: Reflections on Political Change and the Study of Mexican Politics." Mexican Studies / Estudios Mexicanos 18(1): 159-88.

Corporatism:

Middlebrook, K. J. (1991). "State Structures and the Politics of Union Registration in Postrevolutionary Mexico." Comparative Politics 23(4): 259-78. Middlebrook, K. J. (1995). The Paradox of Revolution: Labor, the State, and Authoritarianism. Baltimore, MD, Johns Hopkins University Press. Samstad, J. G. (2002). "Corporatism and Democratic Transition: State and Labor during the Salinas and Zedillo Administrations." Latin American Politics and Society 44(4): 1-28. Stevens, E. P. (1977). Mexico's PRI: The Institutionalization of Corporatism? Authoritarianism and Corporatism in Latin America. J. M. Malloy. Pittsburg, PA, University of Pittsburg Press: 227-54. Presidentialism:

Camp, R. A. (1984). The Making of a Government: Political Leaders in Modern Mexico. Tucson, AZ, The University of Arizona Press. Hernández Chávez, A. (1994). "Mexican Presidentialism: A Historical and Institutional Overview." Mexican Studies / Estudios Mexicanos 10(1): 217-25. Shugart, M. S. and S. Mainwaring (1997). Presidentialism and Democracy in Latin America: Rethinking the Terms of the Debate. Presidentialism and Democracy in Latin America. S. Mainwaring and M. S. Shugart. Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press: 12-54. Weldon, J. (1997). The Political Sources of Presidencialismo in Mexico. Presidentialism and Democracy in Latin America. S. Mainwaring and M. S. Shugart. Cambridge, UK, University of Cambridge Press. PRI Legitimacy:

Gawronski, V. T. (2002). "The Revolution is Dead. "¡Viva la revolución!:" The Place of the Mexican Revolution in the Era of Globalization." Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 18(2): 363-97. Electoral liberalization:

Ochoa-Reza, E. (2004). Multiple Arenas of Struggle: Federalism and Mexico's Transition to Democracy. Federalism and Democracy in Latin America. E. L. Gibson. Baltimore, MD, The Johns Hopkins University Press: 255-96. Zapatistas:

Gilbreth, C. and G. Otero (2001). "Democratization in Mexico: The Zapatista Uprising and Civil Society." Latin American Perspectives 28(4): 7-29. Lecture 3: Mexico’s 2000 and 2006 Elections: Democratic Transition, Consolidation, or Neither?

- The democratization continuum

- Mexico’s 2000 election – events, explanation, implications for democratization

- Mexico’s 2006 election – events, explanation, implications for democratization

Authoritarianism & democratization:

Kaufman Purcell, S. (1973). "Decision-Making in an Authoritarian Regime:

Theoretical Implications from a Mexican Case Study." World Politics 26(1): 28-54. Linz, J. J. and A. Stepan (1996). Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe. Baltimore, MD, The Johns Hopkins University Press. Needleman, C. and M. Needleman (1969). "Who Rules Mexico? A Critique of Some Current Views on the Mexican Political Process." The Journal of Politics 31(4): 1011-34. Mexico’s 2000 election:

Camp, R. A. (2004). Citizen Attitudes toward Democracy and Vicente Fox's Victory in 2000. Mexico's Pivotal Democratic Election: Candidates, Voters, and the Presidential Campaign of 2000. J. I. Domínguez and C. Lawson. Stanford, CA and La Jolla, CA, Stanford University Press and Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, UCSD:

25-46. Domínguez, J. I. and C. Lawson, Eds. (2004). Mexico's Pivotal Democratic Election: Candidates, Voters, and the Presidential Campaign of 2000. Stanford, CA and La Jolla, CA, Stanford University Press and Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, UCSD. Dresser, D. "Mexico: From PRI Predominance to Divided Democracy." (google it) Herrero, P. P. (2001). "Mexico after the Elections of July 2, 2000." Mexican Studies / Estudios Mexicanos 17(2): 289-97. Klesner, J. L. (2001). "The End of Mexico's One-Party Regime." Political Science and Politics(34): 107-14. Lawson, C. (2000). "Mexico's Unfinished Transition: Democratization and Authoritarian Enclaves in Mexico." Mexican Studies / Estudios Mexicanos 16(2): 267-87. Mexico’s 2006 election:

Bruhn, K. and K. F. Greene (2007). "Elite Polarization Meets Mass Moderation in Mexico's 2006 Elections." Political Science and Politics: 33-38. Eisenstadt, T. A. (2007). "The Origins and Rationality of the 'Legal versus Legitimate' Dichotomy Invoked in Mexico's 2006 Post-Electoral Conflict." Political Science and Politics: 39-43. Klesner, J. L. (2007). "The 2006 Mexican Elections: Manifestation of a Divided Society?" Political Science and Politics: 27-32. Langston, J. (2007). "The PRI's Electoral Debacle." Political Science and Politics: 21-25. Lawson, C. (2007). "How Did We Get Here? Mexican Democracy after the 2006 Elections." Political Science and Politics: 45-48. Moreno, A. (2007). "The 2006 Mexican Presidential Election: The Economy, Oil Revenues, and Ideology." Political Science and Politics: 15-19. Lecture 4: Mexican Democratization Case Studies – the Media and Human Rights

- Media o Role in a democracy o Mexican media models o Implications for democracy

- Human rights o Relationship with democracy o Trajectory in Mexico

o Implications for democracy

Media and democracy: Curran, J. (2000). Rethinking Media and Democracy. Mass Media and Society. J. Curran and M. Gurevitch. London, UK, Arnold: 120-54. Lichtenberg, J., Ed. (1990). Democracy and the Mass Media. Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press. Media in Mexico:

Hughes, S. (2003). "From the Inside Out: How Institutional Entrepreneurs Transformed Mexican Journalism." Press/Politics 8(3): 87-117. Hughes, S. (2006). Newsrooms in Conflict: Journalism and the Democratization of Mexico. Pittsburg, PA, University of Pittsburg Press. Hughes, S. and C. Lawson (2004). "Propaganda and Crony Capitalism: Partisan Bias in Mexican Television News." Latin American Research Review 39(3): 81-105. Lawson, C. (2004). Television Coverage, Vote Choice, and the 2000 Campaign. Mexico's Pivotal Democratic Election: Candidates, Votes, and the Presidential Campaign of 2000. J. I. Domínguez and C. Lawson. Stanford, CA and La Jolla, CA, Stanford University Press and Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, UCSD: 187-209. Lawson, C. H. (2002). Building the Fourth Estate: Democratization and the Rise of a Free Press in Mexico. Berkeley, CA, University of California Press. Orme, W. A., Jr., Ed. (1997). A Culture of Collusion: An Inside Look at the Mexican Press. Boulder, CO, North-South Center Press, University of Miami.

Human rights and democratization:

Barahona de Brito, A. (1997). Human Rights and Democratization in Latin America: Uruguay and Chile. New York, NY, Oxford University Press. Donnelly, J. (2003). Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice. Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press. Garreton M., M. A. (1994). "Human Rights in Processes of Democratization." Journal of Latin American Studies 26(1): 221-34. Human rights in Mexico:

Aguayo Quezada, S. and J. Treviño Rangel (2006). "Neither Truth nor Justice: Mexico's De Facto Amnesty." Latin American Perspectives 33(147): 56-68. Human Rights Watch. (2006, May 2006). "Lost in Transition: Bold Ambitions, Limited Results for Human Rights Under Fox." Retrieved 10 March, 2007, from http://hrw.org/reports/2006/mexico0506/.

Essay Questions

- How did the Mexican Revolution influence 20th Century Mexico? - What contributed to the demise of Mexico's 'perfect dictatorship'? - What were the most important causal factors of the election of opposition candidate Vicente Fox in 2000? - What is the relationship between the media and democratization in Mexico?