instructor: professor terence m. murphy office: …...the people who valued clicker questions found...
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Instructor: Professor Terence M. MURPHY Office: 2167 Life Sciences; Lab: 2209 Life Sciences Office hours (T 4-5, W 11-12) /other times by appointment 752-2413 t m [email protected]
BIS 2A: Introductory Biology: Cell Functions
The Biological Sciences 2 series introduces students to the principles on which all life--from the smallest, simplest
organisms to the largest communities--is based. Biological Sciences 2A concentrates on the cellular basis of life,
concentrating on the structures and functions of cells and the biological molecules from which they are formed, the ways
by which cells acquire, transform, and use chemical energy, and the mechanisms by which genetic information is stored, safeguarded, transmitted from one generation to
the next, and used in reproduction and development. Students are asked to use the principles and information
covered in the class to interpret historical and current observations and to solve problems.
BIS 2A: Introductory Biology: Cell Functions
Topics:
Cell structure
Metabolism
Genes and geneExpression
Development and reproduction
Origin of life
Monday Wednesday Friday
9/23 Properties and origin of
life (Ch 1.1-1.3; pp 3-17)
9/26 Cell theory (Ch 5.1; pp
77-81)
9/28 Cell architecture I (Ch 5.2-
5.4; pp 82-103)
9/30 Cell architecture II
10/3 Cell components I--lipids
(Ch 2.1-2.4, 3.4; pp 21-35, 54-
57)
10/5 Cell components II--
carbohydrates, proteins (Ch 3.1-
3.3; pp 39-54)
10/7 Membrane structure and
function (Ch 6.1-6.6; pp 106-
125)
10/10 Enzyme action (Ch 8.3-
8.4; pp 156-161)
10/12 Concepts of metabolism
(Ch 8.1-8.2, 8.5; pp 149-155,
161-165)
10/14 Respiration I (Ch 9.1-9.5;
pp 169-187)
10/17 EXAM (Lectures through
Concepts of Metabolism)
10/19 Respiration II 10/21 Photosynthesis I (Ch
10.1-10.3, 10.5; pp 190-201,
205)
10/24 Photosynthesis II 10/26 Information for cell
synthesis (Ch 13.1; pp 267-
272)
10/28 DNA structure and
replication (Ch 4.1, 13.2-13.3;
pp 61-65, 272-284)
10/31 Protein synthesis I--RNA
(Ch 14.1-14.3; pp 291-300)
11/2 Protein synthesis II (Ch
14.5-14.6; pp 304-313)
11/4 Mutations and
mutagenesis (Ch 15.1, 13.4; pp
317-323, 285-287)
11/7 Regulating protein
synthesis--operons (Ch 16.2; pp
348-352)
11/9 Regulating protein
synthesis in eukaryotes (Ch
16.3-16.5; pp 352-362)
11/11 VETERAN'S DAY
HOLIDAY
11/14 EXAM (Lectures through
Mutations and Mutagenesis)
11/16 Cell signals (Ch 7.1-7.5;
pp 129-145)
11/18 Mitosis and meiosis (Ch
11.1-11.5; pp 210-229)
11/21 Development (Ch 19.3-
19.5; pp 412-423)
11/23 Origins: organic
molecules, cells (Ch 4.2; pp 65-
69, 101)
THANKSGIVING HOLIDAY
11/28 Origins: genes (Ch 4.3;
pp 69-71)
11/30 Origins: metabolism (Ch
4.4, 5.5; pp 72-73, 101-103)
12/2 Summary
Prerequisites: None, but experience says that those without a basic understanding of chemistry receive a grade one full step lower than those who do. Textbook: Sadava, et al., Life: The Science of Biology, Ninth Edition. I recommend the deal at the UCD Bookstore: a loose-leaf version that covers the material for BIS 2A, 2B, and 2C, plus access to the publisher’s web site for 18 months. The web site contains material needed for 2B and 2C. The textbook is readable; all assigned sections are relevant and may be covered on exams. If you have web access, a Study Guide or any other adjunct material is not needed. Bound editions and earlier editions of the textbook are OK. Although this class will use material from the publisher’s web site, it will not require you to access the web site. Clickers: The “interwrite PRS” system will be used to quiz the class during lectures. I am planning 1-3 questions in each lecture. These are designed to give me (and you) an idea of your background knowledge or how clear I have been in lecture. To participate, you need to purchase a “clicker,” available at the bookstore. Participation is voluntary, but strongly encouraged (and the same clickers are used in the Physics 7 series). I will start clicker questions at Monday’s lecture.
Web site: general information and help; lecture schedule; TAs, office hours, discussion section rooms; objectives (what I want you to know from each lecture), sample exams, and old problem sets; assignments for discussion sections; lecture pdfs; podcasts; (eventually) test answers and grades. http://www-plb.ucdavis.edu/courses/bis/2a/bis2a-F11/index.htm Mail-list: Bis002a—[email protected], by which I (and you) can communicate with the class. You are responsible for receiving messages sent to your ucdavis.edu address. Archives of the notices will be available through http://listproc.ucdavis.edu/class.
Discussion sections: Discussion of issues from lecture and clearing up sticky
points. There will be a quiz in most sessions. A major assignment will be oral and written reports on an extract of a scientific paper. Quizzes, report, and participation count for 20% of your grade.
TAs: Rebecca Wright, Jazzy Dingler, Brad Kaufman, Matthew Tan,
Huy Tran, Kelly Martorana, Karen Word
Enrollment: Enrollment will take place at the discussion sections next Tuesday
(September 27). You MUST BE PRESENT to retain your place in class (if you
are registered) or to get a place (if there is a no-show and you are next on the
wait list).
Tests and grading:
1st Midterm 20%--10/17 A+,A,A- >85% or >80%ile
2nd Midterm 20%--11/14 B+,B,B- >75% or >50%ile
3rd Midterm/Final 40%--12/5 C+,C,C- >65% or >20%ile Discussion/T.A. 20% D+,D,D- >50% or >10%ile
Missed exams: There are no early, late, or make-up exams. If you miss an
exam for an acceptable reason and have an appropriate written statement from a
doctor or clergyman to verify your excuse, your total score will be prorated or (in
the case of a final) you will receive an I grade (incomplete).
HOW DO YOU GET THE MOST OUT OF THIS CLASS? The following statistics, taken from the 2010 student evaluations may provide a clue :
Clickers
Course overall
Extremely
valuable
Very
valuable
Somewhat
valuable Not valuable Did not use
Extremely valuable 52 15 3 1
Very valuable 39 84 34 2
Somewhat valuable 3 17 20 5 1
Not valuable 2 1
The people who valued clicker questions found the course to be more valuabl e .
Discussion
sections
Course overall
Extremely
valuable
Very
valuable
Somewhat
valuable Not valuable
Extremely valuable 36 21 12 2
Very valuable 26 47 66 19
Somewhat valuable 6 9 20 13
Not valuable 1 2
The people who valued discussion sections found the course to be more valuable.
TA Office
Hrs
Course overall
Extremely
valuable
Very
valuable
Somewhat
valuable Not valuable Did not use
Extremely valuable 20 10 6 1 34
Very valuable 5 25 45 6 78
Somewhat valuable 3 11 3 32
Not valuable 1 2
The people who went to TA office hours found the course to be more valuable.
Great Concepts of Science and Biology
1) The universe is regular enough to allow useful predictions. 2) Controlled experiments are essential for scientific inquiry.
Scientific method: ! Observation ! Defining the question ! Formulating an hypothesis ! Designing and conducting an experiment
3) Progress in science requires freedom of inquiry.
4) Living organisms obey all the laws of physics and chemistry.
Vitalism: E.g., Hans Driesch (1867–1941), an eminent embryologist, ... explained the life of an organism in terms of the presence of an entelechy, a substantial entity controlling organic processes. ..., the French philosopher Henri Bergson (1874–1948) posited an élan vital to overcome the resistance of inert matter in the formation of living bodies. Mechanism: arose from scientific method (ca. 1500), microscopy (1677), chemistry (ca 1800). E.g., Descartes maintained that animals, and the human body, are ‘automata’, mechanical devices differing from artificial devices only in their degree of complexity.
5) Functions of living organisms are based on the catalysis of chemical reactions; this takes place in microscopic structures. ! Complex organization: each organism has
104-106 different types of molecules ! Requirement for energy: energy needed to
maintain complexity (resist entropy) ! Homeostasis: one of the complexities,
maintaining standard conditions in fluctuating environment; based on feedback mechanisms
! Destructability—life spans ended by
temperature (outside -20 to 120o C), solution conditions (desiccation, acid, alkali), radiation (gamma, X ray, UV), poisons
6) Living organisms are formed through reproduction, not spontaneous generation.
! Reproduction implies inheritance ! The genetic code provides the basis for
inheritance and complexity 7) All forms of life are subject to natural selection and may change in response to its pressures.
! Organic evolution, which has occurred throughout the past and is responsible for the diversity of species we see today, hasn’t stopped; it is still occurring.
! Variety--1,700,000 species named; 5,000,000
to 50,000,000 species extant (maybe more?--insects, marine microbes); 300,000,000 species have ever lived; (contrast with types of rocks: >120 but <1000)
8) Life has an origin and a history. That history is reflected in fossils, but also in the physical history of the Earth.
Why so late?
Was global warming good?
Why methane then and not now?