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Insights Gained Through the Development of a Roadmap for Composite Repair Systems Chris Alexander, Stress Engineering Services. Inc. Sam Mishael, Chevron Energy Technology Company Thursday, May 2, 2013 13:35 14:00 Hours Paper No. 36

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Page 1: Insights Gained Through the Development ... - Composite repair · (8) programs involving the use of composite materials. To evaluate past and future composite research efforts, the

Insights Gained Through the Development of a Roadmapfor Composite Repair SystemsChris Alexander, Stress Engineering Services. Inc.

Sam Mishael, Chevron Energy Technology Company

Thursday, May 2, 2013 ∙ 13:35 ‐ 14:00 Hours ∙ Paper No. 36

Page 2: Insights Gained Through the Development ... - Composite repair · (8) programs involving the use of composite materials. To evaluate past and future composite research efforts, the

Presentation Overview

• Purpose of the Composite Roadmap• Goals of the Composite Roadmap• Key outcomes of the Composite Roadmap• Existing body of research

– PRCI work (case studies)– Other research efforts

• Composite Repair Roadmap Grid• Future areas for research

Page 3: Insights Gained Through the Development ... - Composite repair · (8) programs involving the use of composite materials. To evaluate past and future composite research efforts, the

Composite Roadmap Purpose

Over the past five years, PRCI has funded eight (8) programs involving the use of composite materials. To evaluate past and future composite research efforts, the Composite Systems Roadmapping Working Group was formed. The Composite Roadmap will integrate key features of prior research and identify gaps requiring further study.

Page 4: Insights Gained Through the Development ... - Composite repair · (8) programs involving the use of composite materials. To evaluate past and future composite research efforts, the

Goals of the Composite Roadmap

• Determining capabilities & limits thru technical projects & testing

• Improve Industry/regulator confidence in NMRs (Non‐metallic Repairs) for pipeline applications compared to existing alternatives

• Improve the value of NMRs compared to other techniques

Page 5: Insights Gained Through the Development ... - Composite repair · (8) programs involving the use of composite materials. To evaluate past and future composite research efforts, the

Key Outcomes for the Roadmap

• Provide industry guidance• Define boundaries between known high‐confidence applications and applications where additional research is required

• QA/QC, Non‐destructive examination, and acceptance criteria 

• Influence industry standards• Provide guidance on integrity management of existing composite repairs 

Page 6: Insights Gained Through the Development ... - Composite repair · (8) programs involving the use of composite materials. To evaluate past and future composite research efforts, the

Existing Body of Research (1/2)• MATR‐3‐3 Assessing Composite Systems for Pipeline 

Repair• MATR‐3‐4 Long Term Testing of Composite Repair Systems 

for External Corrosion Repair• MATR‐3‐5 Composite Repair of Mechanical Damage• MATR‐3‐6 Composite Repair of Subsea Pipelines• MATR‐3‐7 Composite Reinforcement of Vintage Girth 

Welds• MATR‐3‐9 Composite Reinforcement for Re‐rating 

Pipelines• NDE‐2‐3 Inspection of composite repair systems

Page 7: Insights Gained Through the Development ... - Composite repair · (8) programs involving the use of composite materials. To evaluate past and future composite research efforts, the

Existing Body of Research (2/2)

• Gas Technology Institute• U.S. Regulatory Bodies• Composite Manufacturers• Gas and Liquid Pipeline Companies

Page 8: Insights Gained Through the Development ... - Composite repair · (8) programs involving the use of composite materials. To evaluate past and future composite research efforts, the

Study #1 – MATR‐3‐4 Long‐term (1/2)

Page 9: Insights Gained Through the Development ... - Composite repair · (8) programs involving the use of composite materials. To evaluate past and future composite research efforts, the

Study #1 – MATR‐3‐4 Long‐term (2/2)

Page 10: Insights Gained Through the Development ... - Composite repair · (8) programs involving the use of composite materials. To evaluate past and future composite research efforts, the

Study #2 – MATR‐3‐4 Dents (1/2)

Page 11: Insights Gained Through the Development ... - Composite repair · (8) programs involving the use of composite materials. To evaluate past and future composite research efforts, the

Study #2 – MATR‐3‐4 Dents (1/2)Cycles to Failure for Composite Repaired Dents

Dents initially 15% of OD installed on a 12.75-inch x 0.188-inch, Grade X42 pipe using a 4-inch end cap. Dents installed with 72%SMYS pressure in pipe and cycled to failure at ∆σ = 72% SMYS.

1,000

10,000

100,000

1,000,000

ERW-1 ERW-2 GW-1 GW-2 PD-1 PD-2

Dent Type(ERW: dent in ERW seam | PD: plain dent | GW: dent in girth weld)

Cyc

les

to F

ailu

re(L

og N

)

Product AProduct BProduct CProduct DProduct EProduct FProduct GProduct HProduct IProduct JProduct KUnrepaired

250,000 cycles considered run-out

250,000 cycles considered run-out

Page 12: Insights Gained Through the Development ... - Composite repair · (8) programs involving the use of composite materials. To evaluate past and future composite research efforts, the

Study #3 – MATR‐3‐7 Girth Welds (1/2)

Page 13: Insights Gained Through the Development ... - Composite repair · (8) programs involving the use of composite materials. To evaluate past and future composite research efforts, the

Study #3 – MATR‐3‐7 Girth Welds (2/2)

Page 14: Insights Gained Through the Development ... - Composite repair · (8) programs involving the use of composite materials. To evaluate past and future composite research efforts, the

Composite Repair Roadmap Grid (1/2)

• Color‐coded grid developed to evaluate existing body of research and identify areas for further study relative to known anomalies

• Includes knowledge related to industry acceptance of certain applications

• Color‐coding as follows:

Page 15: Insights Gained Through the Development ... - Composite repair · (8) programs involving the use of composite materials. To evaluate past and future composite research efforts, the

Composite Repair Roadmap Grid (2/2)Pipeline Anomaly, Technical Issue,

or Feature

PRCI Research

Actual Field 

Installatio

ns

Guidance from

 Standards 

(ASM

E & ISO)

Inde

pend

ent 

Research

Consider PRC

I ProjecT?

Commen

ts

External corrosionNo

However, the effects of cyclic pressure need to be addressed in guidance document

Plain dents subjected to cyclic pressure No

Dents in welds (seam and girth) subjected to cyclic pressureNo

Use of NMR's for Dents with metal lossMaybe

Awaiting input from mechanical damage projects (MD‐4). Gouge must be ground out. Includes corrosion and gouges. 

Seam weld defects No Reconsider at later date for future projectVintage girth welds (pressure, tension, bending) No Including welds with cracks (MATR‐3‐7)

Wrinkle bends NoReinforced branch connections No Company‐specific interest, Reconsider at later date

Use of NMR's for Elbows and bends Yes Incl. Cold Field Bends as well as induction bendsForged Tees No Reconsider at later date for future project

Subsea + shallow water installations No Current PRCI project ongoingInternal corrosion (non‐leaking) No Not recommended

Use of NMR's to repair External Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) Maybe Reconsider at later date for future projectCorrosion > 80% No Not recommended

Uprating (re‐rating) pressure No Out of FrameEstablshing/Maintaining MAOP No Current PRCI project ongoing

Repair of leaks No Not recommendedEffects of cyclic pressure & hydrotest on corrosion (fatigue 

design) No Will be addressed in guidance document

 NDE Techniques and Acceptance Criteria

Yes

Requires co‐ordination with O&I committee. Specific interests in   (1) verification of presence of filler and (2) presence and strength of  composite/steel bond and (3) moisture detection. Include as initial phase: Survey, Lit Review, Forensics of Field and Lab Failures. Notes: 

  Load Transfer and Delamination/Disbondment in NMR's: (Temperature, Pressure, and Filler Material Effects)

Yes

Delamination and Disbondment: Causes include assessment of (1) pressure during installation, (2) thermal expansion/contraction, (3) pressure fluctuations. Significance refers to loss of performance due to these defects. Also concern over load transfer for NMR's  applied at high pressure. Consider old and new tests both. Validations would be required across a range of pipe sizes and conditions. Include general Filler Material requirements (not just temp/pressure specific) as a milestone. refer to filler materials from failed tests.  *Outstanding question re: strength vs. diameter.

Performance at elevated temperatures (140F<T<250F)Maybe

To be addressed in guidance document (Exact temperature range TBD)

Use of Composites as Crack ArrestorMaybe

Definitely in guidance document as Gap Analysis Only. Consider quick‐kill paper study/review. Particular emphasis on X80+

Validation of PCC‐2 Design for Composite Repairs on High Grade Steels (X65+) No

Definitely in guidance document as Gap Analysis Only. Consider quick‐kill paper study/review. Particular emphasis on X80+. If an issue with PCC‐2 is found, suggest changes.

Identify/Develop techniques to allow detection of composite repairs by ILI tools

No

Roadmap to provide guidance on MFL markers in composite repair. Corrosion and dents. Future development oriented toward Pig Marker for UT and geometry tools. Require ILI‐MFL vendors to report metal in close proximity.

Develop guidance for conducting a failure analysis of composite wrap repairs No

Compiling existing failure data and establishing terminology to capture composites failure modes may be Phase 1.

Page 16: Insights Gained Through the Development ... - Composite repair · (8) programs involving the use of composite materials. To evaluate past and future composite research efforts, the

Pipeline Anomaly, Technical Issue,or Feature

PRCI Research

Actual Field 

Installatio

ns

Guidance from

 Standards 

(ASM

E & ISO)

Inde

pend

ent 

Research

Consider PRC

I ProjecT?

External corrosionNo

Plain dents subjected to cyclic pressure No

Dents in welds (seam and girth) subjected to cyclic pressureNo

Use of NMR's for Dents with metal lossMaybe

Seam weld defects NoVintage girth welds (pressure, tension, bending) No

Wrinkle bends NoReinforced branch connections No

Use of NMR's for Elbows and bends YesForged Tees No

Subsea + shallow water installations NoInternal corrosion (non‐leaking) No

Use of NMR's to repair External Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) MaybeCorrosion > 80% No

Uprating (re‐rating) pressure NoEstablshing/Maintaining MAOP No

Page 17: Insights Gained Through the Development ... - Composite repair · (8) programs involving the use of composite materials. To evaluate past and future composite research efforts, the

Pipeline Anomaly, Technical Issue,or Feature

PRCI Resea

rch

Actual Field 

Installatio

ns

Guida

nce from

 Stan

dards 

(ASM

E & ISO)

Inde

pend

ent 

Research

Consider PRC

I ProjecT?

Repair of leaks NoEffects of cyclic pressure & hydrotest on corrosion (fatigue 

design) No

 NDE Techniques and Acceptance Criteria

Yes

  Load Transfer and Delamination/Disbondment in NMR's: (Temperature, Pressure, and Filler Material Effects)

Yes

Performance at elevated temperatures (140F<T<250F)Maybe

Page 18: Insights Gained Through the Development ... - Composite repair · (8) programs involving the use of composite materials. To evaluate past and future composite research efforts, the

Use of Composites as Crack ArrestorMaybe

Validation of PCC‐2 Design for Composite Repairs on High Grade Steels (X65+) No

Identify/Develop techniques to allow detection of composite repairs by ILI tools

NoDevelop guidance for conducting a failure analysis of 

composite wrap repairs No

Pipeline Anomaly, Technical Issue,or Feature

PRCI Resea

rch

Actual Field 

Installatio

ns

Guida

nce from

 Stan

dards 

(ASM

E & ISO)

Inde

pend

ent 

Research

Consider PRC

I ProjecT?

Page 19: Insights Gained Through the Development ... - Composite repair · (8) programs involving the use of composite materials. To evaluate past and future composite research efforts, the

Future Areas for Research

1. PRCI Guidance Document for Composite Repairs (Part I: Q/A and Recordkeeping Requirements for Composite Repairs)

2. Effects of Pressure During Installation3. NDE and Effects of Delamination on 

Performance4. Elbows and Bends5. Thermal Expansion

(listed in order of interest)

Page 20: Insights Gained Through the Development ... - Composite repair · (8) programs involving the use of composite materials. To evaluate past and future composite research efforts, the

Closing Comments• Significant body of work focused on evaluating composite materials

• Important research efforts planned for 2014 include the following:– Development of guideline document– Evaluating effects of pressure– Non‐destructive examination