innovative solutions for overhead line supports … · innovative solutions for overhead line...

INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR OVERHEAD LINE SUPPORTS

OHL TOWERS INTO ARTWORKS

Congreso Bienal Internacional CIGRE 2009

Suministro Eléctrico Sustentable

Santiago, Chile, 10-11 Nov 2009

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1 - INTRODUCTION

• Some time ago

- Towers were not “pretty” nor “ugly”

- Just essential

• Big changes mainly after 60’s:

- Thousands of OHL kms constructed

- Electricity: from “a privilege” to a “social

acquired right”, an obligation of the governments.

- Presence of OH Lines in urban/rural areas.

- Difficulty in obtaining new corridors

- Growth in environmental conscience.




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2 - EVOLUTIONS ON THE SOLUTIONS

2.1 – First Aesthetic Studies

H. Dreyfuss & Associates, 1968




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H.Dreyfuss’ Pictorial Index

H.Dreyfuss Proposal 1 H.Dreyfuss Proposal 2


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2.2 – Cigré Studies

• 1986 Technical Brochure SC22 WG02: “The

Environmental Impacts of High-Voltage Overhead

Transmission Lines”.

• 1988 – Da Silva’s Research in Architecture

School.

• 1999 – SC22 WG14 Technical Brochure: “High

Voltage Overhead Lines Environmental Concerns,

Procedures, Impacts and Mitigations”.



Da Silva’s

Survey

Attachments/Da Silva's Survey.docx


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2.3 – First Initiatives

• Compact as much as possible

• Reduced number of elements

• Transparent, invisible or camouflaged



Monopole Support

Brazil

Portal Guyed

Sweden

Invisible Cross rope

Argentina


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3 – THE MONOPOLE SUPPORT

The most used aesthetic solution

Why ?

Simplicity, elegance, beauty, slenderness, low

visual impact, reduced area for settlement.

Pole Characteristics/Details



Overlapping Flanged

SQUARE HEXAGONAL OCTAGONAL DODECAGONAL CIRCULAR

Pole Cross-Sections & Joints


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Pole Characteristics/Details



DIRECTLY EMBEDMENT WITH DENSED SAND BOX FLANGED BASE PLATE

Nuts for adjusting

Anchor bolt

templates

Typical Pole Foundation Type Details


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Structural Characteristics

- Very flexible structures

- Non linear structural analyses



Pole deflections during Tests

- Poles top deformations:

• At EDS: 1.5 to 2% height (H)

• Ultimate stage: 4 to 5% H


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4 – THE NEW CIGRE STUDIES

• New Study Committee B2: Overhead Lines

• Working Group WG08: Transmission Line Structures

• Task Force: TF3.1 – Innovative Solution for Overhead

Line Supports

• Period: 1995 – 2009

Convenor: João BGF Silva – BR

Secretary: David Hughes/UK; F.Legeron – Canadá

• Questionnaire: Aesthetic solutions around the world.




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4 – THE NEW CIGRE STUDIES



17 Countries

•Australia

•Brazil

•Canada

•Denmark

•Finland

•France

•Iceland

•Italy

•Japan

•Norway

•Romania

•South Africa

•Spain

•Sweden

•Switzerland

•United Kingdom

•United States

CIGRÉ WGB2.08 TF3.1 Data Bank

Electra Journal Report

Cigré Technical Brochure= delivered for publication: 2010


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5 – ADVANCED AESTHETIC SOLUTIONS

• Unique solutions / For specific places

• Solutions for a line / or segment

• Standard aesthetic solutions

5.1 – Solutions for Single Places: The Finnish Experience

Fingrid first landscape towers: early 90’s



Finnish

Solutions

Attachments/Finnish Solutions.docx


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5.2 – Solutions for Lines / Segment of Lines

400kV OHL Aarhus / Aalborg-Denmark

Eltra competition: 48 proposals



The Wining entry – Erik Bystrup

Danish

Aesthetic Line

Attachments/Danish Aesthetic Line.docx


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5.2 – Solutions for Lines / Segment of Lines

The 110kV Salmisaari-Meilahti TL, Helsinki, Finland

Designed by Prof. Antti Nurmesniemi



The Salmisaari

Meilahti OHL

First pencil drawings

Attachments/The Salmisaari-Meilahti OHL.docx


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5.3 – Standard Aesthetic Solutions:

The French Experience

EDF / RTE Competitions

- The 1994 Architects/Designers competition

- The 2004/2005 Manufacturers competition

5.3.1 - The 1994 Architects/Designers competition:

- 121 proposals for 400kV OHL supports

- As much freedom as possible to the creativity

- Electrical clearances, phase arrangements




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The winners



Marc MIMRAM I. Ritchie, K. Gustafson

The French

Experience

The “ROSEAU” Tower

The “FOUGERE” Tower

Attachments/The%20France%20Experience.docx


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3.5.2 - The 2004/2005 Manufacturers competition:

- Functional specifications defining:

• Position of phases

• Number of circuits

• Silhouette suggestion

• Materials to be used

• To have technical solutions

The winner:



The “ARVERNE” Tower

Transel, Linuhonnun


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6 – OH LINE TOWERS INTO ARTWORKS

• Aesthetic towers very successful in terms of public

acceptance.

• Towers evolving from OHL Supports to “urban

electrical sculptures”.

• Finnish Sculptures

Fingrid landscape towers



Finnish

Sculptures

Attachments/Finnish Sculptures.docx


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• Icelandic Studies

2008 landscape competition (98 proposals).



Icelandic

Studies

Attachments/Icelandic Studies.docx


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• New RTE Technique for Improving OHL Appearance

- “Art Installations” over existing OH Lines.

- “Power Networks into Artworks” by Elena Paroucheva



Networks

into Artworks

Attachments/Networks%20into%20Artworks.docx


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7 - ANALYSIS OF THE SOLUTIONS

• Increasing environmental concern in all new OHL

projects:

- Short lines, long lines

- Urban, rural landscapes

• For long / rural lines, cost is an absolutely relevant

issue:

- Invisibility

- Transparence

- Slenderness

- Compaction

- Camouflaged structures




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All together driven by cost!



Solutions for long OHL Towers


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• For short / urban lines, aesthetic towers more and more

used as attractive solutions:



1992 Seville Expo Tower - SpainVaasa, Palosaari. Jorma Valkama


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• “Symbolic links” with “icones” of the societies:

- Architeture

- History

- Culture

- Traditional symbols

- Folklore

- habits



Symbolism on

Aesthetic Towers

Attachments/Symbolism on Aesthetic Towers.docx


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8 – CONCLUSIONS

- Great growth on electricity demand will continue in the

near future.

- Different challenges for utilities in different regions of the

world to supply more power.

- Long, very long lines (up to 2500km) under construction in

the world

→ Aesthetic solutions driven by cost.




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- Other regions of the world, environmental is “the real

issue”.

→ Alternative solutions, visually attractive “landscape

towers”.

→ Camouflaged lines, underground cables, or lines with

“more aesthetic”, “more beautiful” towers!



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